Seasonal Changes in Testicular Cell Morphology in Domestic Male Cats (Felis catus)     

MA Stornelli  JC Reyna  MC Stornelli  R Nuñez Favre  CA Savignone  CM Tittarelli  RL de la Sota 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):287-290

The aim of this study was to asses the variation in the morphology of the seminal epithelium in relation to natural photoperiod in male cats. Tom cats (n = 240) were castrated every other week throughout the year. Each testis was fixed in Bouin's solution and cut into sections. The percentage of tubules with round spermatids (RS), elongated spermatids (ES), tailed spermatids (TS), mature spermatids (MS) and the number of Sertoli cells (SC) and Leydig cells (LC) were recorded in each sample. Testicles from males during short days (SHD) had a higher percentage of tubules with RS and ES compared to testicles from males during long days (LHD, 31.3 ± 0.6 vs 2.1 ± 0.6%, p < 0.001; 30.9 ± 0.7 vs 11.0 ± 0.7%, p < 0.001). Conversely, testicles from males during SHD had a lower percentage of tubules with TS and MS compared to testicles from males during LHD (24.5 ± 0.8 vs 29.7 ± 0.8%, p < 0.01; 13.1 ± 1.2 vs 57.0 ± 1.2%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, testicles from males during SHD had a higher number of SC and lower number of LC compared to testicles from males during LHD (11.4 ± 0.1 vs 8.0 ± 0.1%, p < 0.01; 19.2 ± 1.0 vs 38.0 ± 1.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, there are seasonal changes in testis cell morphology in the tom which may be related to seasonal sperm production.  相似文献   

DNA Status on Thawed Semen from Fighting Bull: A Comparison Between the SCD and the SCSA Tests     

F Martínez-Pastor  M del Rocío Fernández-Santos  ÁE Domínguez-Rebolledo  MC Esteso  JJ Garde  ; Biology of Reproduction Group 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(3):424-431

The assessment of sperm chromatin status is compulsory in a complete spermiogram. Here we applied the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test to assess the chromatin status of three fighting bulls. Cryopreserved semen (two straws/bull) were analysed by duplicate after thawing and after 6 h at 37°C with and without oxidative stress (1 m m FE²⁺). Results (SCD: percentage of spermatozoa with halo; SCSA: SD-DFI, %DFI and HDS) were analysed for differences between bulls and treatments, sensitivity and specificity (receiver operating characteristic curves) and repeatability (repeatability coefficients as 2SD of duplicate differences).%DFI for the three bulls was below 2% at 0 h, indicating no risk for fertility according to previous reports. It increased slightly for two of the bulls after FE²⁺ treatment (%DFI < 5%) and more pronouncedly for the other bull (C, %DFI∼10%), which merits further investigation. SCD rendered higher percentage of halos for bull C, but could not discriminate between samples with and without oxidizing treatment (AUC: 0.52). SCSA (%DFI) showed a high discriminating ability between treatments (AUC: 0.96). The repeatability coefficient was also higher for SCD (5.9) than for %DFI (1.8), indicating lower repeatability for SCD. Overall, %DFI might be the most useful parameter for assessing sperm chromatin on fighting bull. SCD might yield different information than SCSA, hence further research is warranted.  相似文献   

Genetics in the aquaculture industry     

A J. Lymbery  R G. Doupé  G. Jenkins  & T. Thorne 《Aquaculture Research》2000,31(1):1-2

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Feeding recommendations for the house rabbit.     

J R Jenkins 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》1999,2(1):143-51, vii

The feeding recommendations for the pet or house rabbit include grass hay fed ad libitum, dark leafy green vegetables fed at one cup per 5 pounds of body weight, and a maximum of 1 cup of high fiber pellets per 5 pounds of body weight. These recommendations are based on the feeding behavior, anatomy, and gastrointestinal physiology of the rabbit. Feeding this diet reduces the occurrence of common gastrointestinal tract disease in the house rabbit. This article reviews the feeding behavior, anatomy, and gastrointestinal physiology of the rabbit.  相似文献   

Quebrada jaguay: early south american maritime adaptations     

DH Sandweiss  H McInnis  RL Burger  A Cano  B Ojeda  R Paredes  MC Sandweiss  MD Glascock 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5384):1830-1832

Excavations at Quebrada Jaguay 280 (QJ-280) (16 degrees30'S) in south coastal Peru demonstrated that Paleoindian-age people of the Terminal Pleistocene (about 11,100 to 10,000 carbon-14 years before the present or about 13,000 to 11,000 calibrated years before the present) in South America relied on marine resources while resident on the coast, which extends the South American record of maritime exploitation by a millennium. This site supports recent evidence that Paleoindian-age people had diverse subsistence systems. The presence of obsidian at QJ-280 shows that the inhabitants had contact with the adjacent Andean highlands during the Terminal Pleistocene.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary rosemary extract on cell-mediated immunity of young rats     

U.S. Babu  P.L. Wiesenfeld  M.Y. Jenkins 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(2):169-174

The impact of rosemary extract on splenic mononuclear cell proliferation was determined. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200 or 400 ppm rosemary extract or 400 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in combinatiion with 10 or 20% casein enriched diets for 8 weeks. Splenic mononuclear cells were isolated from these animals and mitogenic response to Concanavalin A (Con A), Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide was determined. Con A and PHA-stimulated proliferation of spleen cells from rats fed 10% casein and 200 ppm rosemary extract was significantly higher than that of cells from the corresponding control animals. However, other levels of rosemary at 10% dietary casein or rosemary at any concentration fed along with 20% dietary casein had no impact on the mitogenic stimulation of splenic mononuclear cells. Thus, these results suggest that the use of rosemary might not have a generalized immunoenhancing effect, and will probably be effective in some stressed conditions, such as protein or antioxidant deficiency.  相似文献   

Genotypic comparisons of chromosomes 01, 04, and 18 from three tetraploid species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium</Emphasis> in topcrosses with five elite cultivars of <Emphasis Type="Italic">G. hirsutum</Emphasis> L.     

Johnie N. Jenkins  Jack C. McCartyJr.  B. Todd Campbell  R. W. Hayes  Jixiang Wu  Sukumar Saha  David Stelly 《Euphytica》2017,213(5):107

Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. is the most widely planted cultivated cotton in the United States and the world. The other cultivated tetraploid species G. barbadense L. is planted on considerable less area; however, it produces extra long, strong, and fine fibers which spins into superior yarn. The wild cotton tetraploid species G. tomentosum Nuttall ex Seemann, native to the Hawaiian Archipelago also exhibits traits, such as drought tolerance, that would also be desirable to transfer to Upland cotton. Long-term breeding efforts using whole genome crosses between Upland and these species have not been successful in transferring very many desirable alleles into Upland cotton. Our chromosome substitution lines (CSL) have one chromosome or chromosome arm from an alien species backcrossed into the Upland cotton line,TM-1, via aneuploid technology. Five Upland cultivars were crossed with CS-B01, CS-T01, CS-B04, CS-T04, CS-B18 and CS-T18 and TM-1 the recurrent parent of the CSLs. This provided an opportunity to determine the effects of chromosomes 01, 04, and 18 from the three species in crosses with the five cultivars. Predicted genotypic mean effects of the parents, F₂, and F₃ generations for eight agronomic and fiber traits of importance were compared. The predicted hybrid mean effects for the three chromosomes from each species were different for several of the traits across cultivars. There was no single chromosome or species that was superior for all traits in crosses. Parental and hybrid lines often differed in the effect of a particular chromosome among the three species. The predicted genotypic mean effects for F₂ and F₃, with a few exceptions, generally agree with our previous results for additive and dominance genetic effects of these CSL.  相似文献   

Ergonomic analysis of New York apple harvest work using a Posture-Activities-Tools-Handling (PATH) work sampling approach     

Earle-Richardson G  Fulmer S  Jenkins P  Mason C  Bresee C  May J 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2004,10(3):163-176

Although back, neck, and shoulder strains are common among migrant and seasonal orchard workers, little data currently exist regarding the ergonomic factors contributing to this problem. We adapted Posture-Activities-Tools-Handling (PATH) instruments and methods for ergonomic job analysis of apple harvest work in three New York orchards, and used the resulting protocol to quantify hazardous activities, loads, and postures. Using a prototype developed previously, we trained twelve contract orchard observers with classroom training and supervised orchard practice. The PATH data were then collected on 14 orchard workers over four days (2,900 observations). Mean coefficients of variation ranged from a low of 0.212 (standing leg neutral) to a high of 0.603 (trunk moderate flexion). Most frequently observed activities were: picking (62.9%), placing and moving apples in the bag (8. 7%), and walking (8.1%). Weight bearing (>10 lb, >4.54 kg) was observed 78.5% of the time throughout a range of activities. Apple harvest work is comparable with other ergonomically high-risk occupations. Future research should focus on low-cost interventions that reduce load and awkward postures.  相似文献   

Modelling pine wilt disease (PWD) for current and future climate scenarios as part of a pest risk analysis for pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle in Germany     

Gruffudd  H. R.  Schröder  T.  Jenkins  T. A. R.  Evans  H. F. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2019,126(2):129-144

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes pine wilt disease (PWD) in Pinus species given suitable climatic conditions. A model was run...  相似文献   

Satellite tracking of wild dogs in south-eastern mainland Australian forests: Implications for management of a problematic top-order carnivore     

Andrew W. Claridge  Douglas J. Mills  Rob Hunt  David J. Jenkins  Josh Bean 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Satellite tracking was used to follow the movements of a problematic top-order carnivore, the wild dog (Canis lupus dingo, C. lupus familiaris and their hybrids), in contiguous forested landscapes in south-eastern mainland Australia. Home range sizes of wild dogs were much larger than previously determined using conventional telemetry methods, averaging 10,000 ha with a maximum size of 59,000 ha over approximate 3-month periods. Wild dogs at sites with high abundance of kangaroos, wallabies and rabbits had smaller areas of occupancy than did dogs at sites with low availability of these preys. Despite mostly large home ranges, tracked animals were loyal to publicly-owned tenure and there were few instances where individuals moved large distances on to adjacent private tenure. Instead, movement behaviours of most tracked animals were characterised by repeated short distance forays, often at acute angles from previous locations. Consequently, home ranges were stable and otherwise well defined. Analysis of DNA from our study animals indicated that most individuals were of ‘dingo’ ancestry, but otherwise considered hybrids because of the presence of domestic dog genes. Only two of 24 animals could be considered as ‘pure’ dingo. Contemporary wild dog management demarcates lands where control is or is not undertaken, with the latter notionally acting to ‘conserve’ dingoes. Due to the large scale of movement of animals, existing control efforts likely impact over a greater area than previously suspected. Furthermore, our genetic findings suggest that conservation of dingoes in south-eastern mainland Australia is difficult to achieve. A modified approach to wild dog management is needed, taking account of the extent of range of individual animals and the existing genetic characteristics of populations.  相似文献