木本植物扦插繁殖及其影响因素   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

贾志远  葛晓敏  唐罗忠 《世界林业研究》2015,28(2):36-41

扦插繁殖是根据植物细胞的全能性原理, 采用植物的茎、叶、根等器官进行无性繁殖的重要技术, 在苗木生产中得到了广泛应用.文中论述了木本植物扦插繁殖的重要意义及其在快速育苗中存在的优缺点, 对影响扦插成活的内在因素如树种遗传性差异、插穗年龄、插穗规格、插穗部位、插穗下切口形状, 以及外在因素如扦插时间、插穗的化学和物理处理方法、扦插基质状况、温度、湿度和光照条件等进行了分析, 介绍了提高木本植物扦插成活率的技术方法和所取得的成果, 对应用前景和不足之处进行了探讨.通过对国内外木本植物扦插繁殖相关技术的总结和分析, 以期为今后的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

抗旱耐盐碱食用向日葵恢复系的选育及应用<     

张捷  杨新元  贾爱红  张学武  王鹏东 《中国农学通报》2015,31(30):119-123

为了选育适宜在山西省食用向日葵生产区种植的抗旱耐盐碱、广适性强、抗逆性强、高产优质的恢复系以及杂交种,本试验以国内的优良品种资源与自选育的不育系为材料,通过套袋自交成功选育出恢复系‘汾恢1号’、‘汾恢2号’、‘汾恢3号’,对3个恢复系进行农艺性状调查、抗旱耐盐碱鉴定和早代恢复力和配合力选择,结果表明恢复系‘汾恢1号’、‘汾恢2号’、‘汾恢3号’配合力高、花粉量大、恢复率100%、抗旱、耐盐碱、高抗黄萎病、耐菌核病,其中‘汾恢1号’表现突出,3个恢复系于2012年11月29日通过了山西省农业科学院科研处验收。利用‘汾恢1号’培育的杂交组合FK-0918,2014年参加山西省区试平均产量达3726.56 kg/hm²,比对照YS809增产29.9%,排第四位。该品种表现出较好的抗病性、抗旱性、耐盐碱、产量高,商品性好,生育期108天,适宜在山西省晋中及晋西北食用向日葵生产区种植,应用推广前景乐观。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary copper sources on growth,tissue copper accumulation and physiological responses of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) (Cuvier, 1828) fed semipurified or practical diets          下载免费PDF全文

Lan‐mei Wang  Jia Wang  Anant S. Bharadwaj  Min Xue  Yu‐chang Qin  Xiu‐feng Wu  Yin‐hua Zheng  Fang Han 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(7):1619-1627

An 8‐week trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a chelated copper (Cu) with the inorganic Cu (CuSO₄), in the diet of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Six diets were prepared based on two basal diets (semi‐purified or practical) at two Cu inclusion levels (0 and 4 mg kg^?1 from or chelated‐Cu), accordingly named as S0, SI4, SM4, P0, PI4 and PM4 respectively. Each diet was fed to quadruplicate groups of Japanese sea bass (initial weight: 65.0 ± 0.03 g) during the trial. Fish fed practical diets had higher feed intake, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate (PER), liver Cu accumulation, liver Na⁺K⁺‐ATPase and plasma alkaline phosphatase, but lower hepatosomatic index than the groups fed semi‐purified diets (P < 0.05). Higher PER was exhibited by fish fed chelated‐Cu diets than that of fish fed CuSO₄ diets (P < 0.05). Although liver Cu accumulation was significantly higher in fish fed practical diets,, liver Cu content increased significantly with increasing dietary copper levels only in fish fed semipurified diets. Chelated‐Cu has higher efficiency than CuSO₄ when fed in practical diets. Poor growth performance of fish fed semipurified diets might induce underestimating the nutrient requirement of Japanese sea bass.  相似文献   

间伐对杉木人工林土壤酶和活性有机碳的短期影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

成向荣  袁健军刘佳舒骏  虞木奎 《中国农学通报》2014,30(4):17-22

为了明确杉木人工林间伐后短期内土壤酶和活性有机碳的变化,在浙江开化开展了3种间伐强度（对照、中度和强度）下2年后土壤酶活性、活性有机碳含量以及碳库管理指数变化的研究。结果表明：相对于未间伐林地,间伐处理增加了0~20 cm土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和转化酶活性,其中中度间伐仅增加了表层(0~10 cm)土壤酶活性,而强度间伐处理可以显著增加0~20 cm土壤酶活性。间伐处理增加了0~20 cm土层土壤活性有机碳含量,土壤非活性有机碳含量没有显著变化。0~10 cm土层土壤碳库活度、碳库活度指数、碳库指数和碳库管理指数均随间伐强度增加而增大,10~20 cm土层强度间伐处理碳库管理指数显著高于对照。20 cm以下土层土壤酶、活性有机碳及碳库管理指数在不同间伐处理之间均无显著差异。这4种土壤酶与活性有机碳和碳库管理指数呈显著正相关。这些试验结果说明杉木人工林间伐2年后,增加了浅层土壤酶活性和活性有机碳含量,将促进土壤碳释放。  相似文献   

草莓SRAP反应体系优化及引物筛选   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

魏丽丽朱世东  贾庆美刘海燕 《中国农学通报》2014,30(25):159-165

为建立草莓SRAP-PCR适宜的反应体系,以草莓品种‘丰香’为实验材料,采用单因素实验设计,对Mg²⁺、dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶及引物浓度4个因素4水平进行优化,并在此基础上对模板DNA的浓度和退火温度进行优化。结果表明,草莓SRAP-PCR最佳反应体系为：20μL的反应体系中含10×PCR buffer 2μL,Mg²⁺ 2.0 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.3 mmol/L,正反向引物各为0.6μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶1.0 U,模板DNA为100 ng。扩增程序为：94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,35℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,共5个循环;94℃变性1 min,54℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,共35个循环;72℃延伸5 min;4℃保存。利用该优化体系筛选引物,从110对SRAP引物组合中筛选出29对条带清晰丰富、多态性好的引物,证明了此优化体系稳定可靠,能够用于草莓种质资源的鉴定、分子标记辅助育种等研究。  相似文献   

新型抗菌蛋白内溶素在大肠杆菌中的融合表达与纯化     

李佳  刘伟  王华  严成其  王欣  陈剑平 《浙江农业学报》2014,26(2):0

抗菌蛋白E17G是一种通过基因改造获得的高效杀菌蛋白。为高效表达抗菌蛋白E17G并减少E17G的抗菌活性对大肠杆菌宿主菌的致死作用,将E17G基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX 6P 1中,构建的重组原核表达载体pGEX 6P 1 E17G在低温下经IPTG诱导,E17G蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中以GST E17G融合蛋白的形式表达,采用GST亲和层析纯化和收集GST E17G融合蛋白。SDS PAGE和Western blotting检测结果显示,GST E17G能在大肠杆菌中正确表达,为进一步研究E17G抗菌蛋白的生物学活性奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Influence of Climate and Socio-Economic Factors on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Soil Organic Matter: A Case Study of Central Heilongjiang Province,China          下载免费PDF全文

SHI Shu-qin  CAO Qi-wen  YAO Yan-min  TANG Hua-jun  YANG Peng  WU Wen-bin  XU Heng-zhou  LIU Jia  LI Zheng-guo 《农业科学学报》2014,13(7):1486-1500

For the scientific management of farmland, it is significant to understand the spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter and to study the influences of related factors. Using geostatistical theory, GIS spatial analysis, trend analysis and a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, this study analyzed the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors in central Heilongjiang Province during the past 25 years. Second soil survey data of China for 1979–1985, 2005 field sampling data, climate observations and socio-economic data for 1980–2005 were analyzed. First, soil organic matter in 2005 was spatially interpolated using the Co-Kriging method along with auxiliary data sets of soil type and pH. The spatio-temporal variability was then studied by comparison with the 1980s second soil census data. Next, the temporal trends in climate and socio-economic factors over the past 25 years were investigated. Finally, we examined the variation of the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors using the GWR model spatially and temporally. The model showed that 53.82% area of the organic matter content remained constant and 29.39% has decreased during the past 25 years. The impact of precipitation on organic matter content is mainly negative, with increasing absolute values of the regression coefficient. The absolute value of regression coefficient of annual average temperature has decreased, and more areas are now under its negative effects. In addition, the areas of positive regression coefficient of annual sunshine hours have northward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of positive coefficient and decreasing absolute value of negative coefficient. The areas of positive regression coefficient of mechanized farming as a socio-economic factor have westward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of negative coefficient and decreasing absolute value of positive coefficient. The area of regions with the positive regression coefficient of irrigation has expanded. The regions with positive regression coefficient of fertilizer use have shrinked. The positive regression coefficient of mulch film consumption has significantly increased. The regression coefficient of pesticide consumption was mainly positive in the west of the study area, while it was negative to the east. Generally, GWR model is capable to investigate the influence of both climatic and socio-economic factors, avoided the insufficiency of other research based on the single perspective of climatic or socio-economic factors. Therefore, we can conclude that GWR model could provide methodological support for global change research and serve as basic reference for cultivated land quality improvement and agricultural decision making.  相似文献   

茶树鲜叶品质成分浸提方法比较及应用     

杨亦扬  张佳  王川丕  黎星辉  阮建云 《茶叶科学》2014,34(2):137-144

代谢组学和系统生物学研究要求数据丰富、重复性好,简单易行、浸提效率高的样品前处理方法是获得较好的试验结果的关键步骤。比较了不同浸提剂（甲醇、乙醇和高氯酸）和不同研磨方法（球磨机和研钵研磨）对茶树叶片品质成分的浸提效果,结果表明,70%乙醇和70%甲醇对茶鲜叶氨基酸的浸提效率显著高于无水甲醇和无水乙醇,而对鲜叶茶多酚的浸提效率以100%乙醇和70%乙醇最好;3 mol·L^-1高氯酸对鲜叶氨基酸浸提效率最高,超过70%乙醇,但对茶多酚的浸提效率最低。优化出一种针对茶树鲜叶浸提的快速前处理方法（70%乙醇,球磨机研磨5 min）。对鲜叶经冷冻干燥和微波杀青处理后浸提的茶多酚和氨基酸含量进行了比较,发现冷冻干燥可以更好地保持茶树叶片中特征代谢产物成分。  相似文献   

Flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity in fruits of Chinese dwarf cherry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cerasus humilis</Emphasis>) genotypes     

Pengfei Wang  Xiaopeng Mu  Junjie Du  Yu Gary Gao  Donghai Bai  Luting Jia  Jiancheng Zhang  Haiyan Ren  Xiaofang Xue 《林业研究》2018,29(1):55-63

The Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok.) is a small shrub with edible fruits. It is native to northern and western China. This species was included as a medicinal plant in the “Chinese Pharmacopeia” and has emerged as an economically important crop for fresh fruit consumption, processing into juice and wine and nutraceutical products as well. To gain a better understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis and help develop value added products and better cultivars with greater health benefits, we analyzed total flavonoid content (TFC), composition, and radical scavenging activities in fruit extracts of 16 Chinese dwarf cherry genotypes. Fruit peel TFC ranged from 33.5 to 72.8 mg/g RE·FW (RE: rutin equivalent, FW: fresh weight) while fruit flesh TFC ranged from 4.3 to 16.9 mg/g RE·FW. An HPLC analysis revealed that fruit extracts contained 14 flavonoids with considerable variation in their profiles across genotypes. The most abundant flavonoids in most genotypes were proanthocyanidin B1 (PA-B1), proanthocyanidin B2 (PA-B2), phloretin 2′-O-glucoside (PG), and phloretin 2′,4′-O-diglucoside (PDG). Principal component analysis showed that PG, PA-B1, and PA-B2 had large, positive factor loading values in the first principal component for each genotype. Increased scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was apparent in genotypes ‘Nongda 4’, ‘Nongda 3’, ‘Nongda 6’, ‘Wenfenli’, and ’10-32’, suggesting promising applications in the production of nutraceutical products. In summary, our results will aid in breeding, fruit processing, and developing medicinal uses of the Chinese dwarf cherry.  相似文献   

临沂烟田耕层土壤综合保育类型研究     

宗浩  刘文涛  谭效磊  王丽丽  王滨  颜石  高庆磊  高强  韩硕  刘春潮  张佳 《土壤》2018,50(4):712-717

为更好地指导临沂烟区土壤综合保育,为其他烟区提供参考与依据,在定量分析评价临沂烟区2 249份土壤样品的pH和有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾含量、面积及分布情况的基础上,借助地统计学方法和ArcGIS平台,划分出10类保育类型:提有机质–改碱、增氮–改碱、增氮–提有机质、增氮–提有机质–改酸、增氮–提有机质–改碱、增氮磷–提有机质–改碱、增钾–提有机质–改酸、增氮钾–提有机质–改酸、增氮钾–提有机质–改碱、增氮磷钾–提有机质–改碱,并根据不同类型提出了初步的相应保育措施。  相似文献