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11.
El-Nahla SM Imam HM Moussa EA Elsayed AK Abbott LC 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2011,40(3):169-186
With 14 figures and 3 tables SUMMARY: Each adrenal gland consisted of cortex and medulla that developed from different embryological origins and presented different cellular organization. One hundred male or female camel embryos or fetuses with crown vertebral rump lengths (CVRL) that ranged from 0.8 to 117 cm were examined. The adrenal cortex, which is derived from intermediate mesoderm, was first observed in the 0.8-cm CVRL camel embryo. The adrenal cortex initially was combined with the gonad as a thickened region of proliferating cells derived from splanchnic intermediate mesoderm. Adrenocortical tissue was first separated from the gonadal tissue in the 2-cm CVRL camel fetus and was observed as a separate dorso-medial mass of cells. At 2.5-cm CVRL, the adrenocortical tissue was surrounded by a capsule of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, except at its proximal pole, where an invagination was located through which chromaffinoblast cells entered the cortex. The chromaffinoblast cells migrated from the neural crest to form the medulla of the developing adrenal gland. In the 3.5-cm CVRL camel fetus, the adrenocortical cells differentiated into two layers: the inner fetal cortex and the outer definitive cortex. As development proceeded, the fetal cortex degenerated and the definitive cortex formed the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata. The zona reticularis did not form until the end of gestation. During prenatal life, the adrenal medulla was much thicker than the cortex. 相似文献
12.
Khalid Usman Samee Ud Din Inam ullah Said Ghulam Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik Muhammad Saad 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(11):1423-1433
ABSTRACT Sulfur (S) availability is a characteristic of conservation tillage. We studied the effects of S on sunflower yield and fatty acid profile under conventional and conservation tillage in silty clay soil of D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Conventional tillage consisted of disk plowing followed by tiller and rotavator, while conservation tillage comprises tiller and disc harrowing. Treatments comprise six sulfur levels (S1 = 0, S2 = 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing, S3 = 10 kg S ha?1 at sowing +10 kg S ha?1 25 days after sowing (DAS), S4 = 40 kg S ha?1 at sowing, S5 = 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing + 20 kg S ha?1 25 DAS, and S6 = 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing + 10 kg S ha?1 25 DAS + 10 kg S ha?1 50 DAS) replicated thrice. After 2 years of experimentation, soil samples were collected (from 0 to 0.30 m depth) for organic matter (OM), total soil N (TSN), and available sulfur analysis. Conservation tillage significantly increased OM, TSN, and S contents in 0–0.30 m soil compared to conventional tillage. Likewise, sunflower plants showed higher achene yield, better fatty acid profile, and net economic returns in conservation tillage than in conventional tillage. Application of 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing and 10 kg S ha?1 at each 25 and 50 DAS recorded significantly higher achene yield, higher oil, and linoleic acid contents; however, oleic and oleic/linoleic ratio did not increase with higher S rates. Conservation tillage was effective in increasing OM, TSN, and available S besides increasing yield and economics in silty clay soil. 相似文献
13.
Summary When the potato cultivars Arran Banner, Bintje, and Compagnon were inoculated withAzotobacter chroococcum in Libya, only Arran Banner responded significantly; plant growth was stimulated and the yield of marketable tubers increased
by 8.5–42.6% above the untreated control. The very large yield increase in one season was associated with unfavourable growing
conditions.
Zusammenfassung Im Herbst 1975, im Frühjahr und im Herbst 1976 wurden in Tripolis. Libyen, drei Versuche durchgeführt, um den Einfluss der Inokulation von Pflanzkartoffeln mitAzotobacter auf das Wachstum und den Ertrag von drei Kartoffelsorten (Arran Banner, Bintje und Compagnon) zu untersuchen. Nur bei der Sorte Arran Banner ergab sich eine Beeinflussung durch die Inokulation mitAzotobacter (Tabelle 1 und 3). Der Ertrag war in den drei Versuchen um 42.6% 17.4% bzw. 8.5% gesteigert. Die st?rkste Reaktion ergab sich im ersten Versuch. bei dem niedrige Temperaturen und Bew?lkung vorherrschten und die Wachstumsbedingungen für die Kartoffeln im allgemeinen ungünstig waren. Die Sorten Bintje und Compagnon zeigten keine signifikante Steigerung des Ertrages nach der Inokulation. Die Inokulation erh?hte die Stengell?nge, hatte aber keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Stengelzahl pro Pflanze (Tabelle 2). Z?hlungen im Boden der Rhizosph?re zeigten. dass nach Inokulation des Pflanzgutes mitAzotobacter die Population in der Wurzelzone anstieg (Tabelle 4). Die Ertragssteigerung nach der Inokulation scheint durch eine Anreicherung vonAzotobacter in der Rhizosph?re intokulierter Pflanzen hervorgerufen zu sein.
Résumé Trois expérimentations ont été menées à Tripoli en Libie afin d'étudier l'effet de l'inoculation de tubercules de semence avecAzotobacter sp. sur la croissance et le rendement de 3 variétés de pomme de terre (Arran Banner, Bintje et Compagnon). Ces essais se sont déroulés durant l'automne 1975, le printemps et l'automne 1976. Il n'y a eu que la variété Arran Banner qui a répondu de manière conséquente à l'inoculationd'Azotobacter sp. (tableaux 1 et 3). L'augmentation de rendement a été respectivement de 42.6%, 17.4% et 8,5% dans les 3 expériences. La meilleure réponse a été obtenue dans la première expérimentation où des températures basses et des jours couverts ont dominé et où les conditions de végétation ont été généralement défavorables à la pomme de terre. Les variétés Bintje et Compagnon n'ont pas montré d'augmentation significative du rendement avec inoculation. L'inoculation parAzotobacter sp, augmente la longueur des tiges, mais n'a pas d'effet significatif sur le nombre de tiges par plante (tableau 2). Les comptagesd'Azotobacter sp. dans la rhizosphère ont indiqué que l'inoculation de la semence augmentait la populationd'Azotobacter au niveau de la zone racinaire (tableau 4). Cela est probablement d? au fait que l'augmentation du rendement grace à l'inoculation résulte d'une meilleure adaptationd'Azotobacter sp. au niveau de la rhizosphère des plantes inoculées.相似文献
14.
Syed Ajijur Rahman Terry Sunderland James M. Roshetko Imam Basuki John R. Healey 《Small-Scale Forestry》2016,15(4):433-442
This paper investigates the types of agroforestry system that exist in Gunung Salak Valley, West Java, Indonesia in order to characterize the differences in their basic structure and associated crop plant diversity. Data were collected through rapid rural appraisal, field observation and focus groups, followed by household survey of a sample of 20 agroforestry farmers. Five main agroforestry systems (homegardens, fruit tree system, timber tree system, mixed fruit–timber system, and cropping in the forest understory) exist in the study area, and all of them exhibit a noticeable diversity in terms of both species composition and utilization. Products from farming accounted for an average 24 % of household income. They comprised agroforestry products which contributed IDR 3.25 million/year and other agricultural products contributing IDR 1.66 million/year. The observed agroforestry systems include not only a form of forest dominated by ‘cultivated trees’, but also an anthropogenic vegetation formation derived from agricultural antecedents. In land-use classifications agroforestry systems are not recognized as forestry, but like forests they provide tree products and services. Classification will always be disfunctional if a binary system is applied, thus a more sophisticated approach should be adopted that incorporates the economic and environmental characteristics of a wider range of systems. 相似文献
15.
Glenn GM Klamczynski AP Ludvik C Shey J Imam SH Chiou BS McHugh T DeGrandi-Hoffman G Orts W Wood D Offeman R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(9):3297-3304
Volatile agrochemicals such as 2-heptanone have potential in safely and effectively controlling important agricultural pests provided that they are properly delivered. The present study reports the permeability of starch gel matrices and various coatings, some of which are agricultural-based, that could be used in controlled release devices. Low-density, microcellular starch foam was made from wheat, Dent corn, and high amylose corn starches. The foam density ranged from 0.14 to 0.34 g/cm3, the pore volume ranged from 74 to 89%, and the loading capacity ranged from 2.3 to 7.2 times the foam weight. The compressive properties of the foam were not markedly affected by saturating the pore volume with silicone oil. The vapor transmission rate (VTR) and vapor permeability (VP) were measured in dry, porous starch foam and silicone-saturated starch gels. VTR values were highest in foam samples containing solvents with high vapor pressures. Silicone oil-saturated gels had lower VTR and VP values as compared to the dry foam. However, the silicone oil gel did not markedly reduce the VP for 2-heptanone and an additional vapor barrier or coating was needed to adequately reduce the evaporation rate. The VP of films of beeswax, paraffin, ethylene vinyl alcohol, a fruit film, and a laminate comprised of beeswax and fruit film was measured. The fruit film had a relatively high VP for polar solvents and a very low VP for nonpolar solvents. The laminate film provided a low VP for polar and nonpolar solvents. Perforating the fruit film portion of the laminate provided a method of attaining the target flux rate of 2-heptanone. The results demonstrate that the vapor flux rate of biologically active solvents can be controlled using agricultural materials. 相似文献
16.
Munmun Pervin Imam Hasan Md. Alamgir Kobir Latifa Akter Mohammad Rabiul Karim 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(4):736-745
The liver consists of parenchymal hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. Non-parenchymal cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and cholangiocytes have crucial roles in liver homeostasis and liver pathology. To establish baseline data, this study investigated immunohistochemically the distribution of non-parenchymal cells in perivenular areas (PV), periportal areas (PP) and Glisson's sheath (GS) of adult rat liver. Liver tissues were collected from the left lateral lobe of rats. CD163-positive macrophages were seen along the sinusoid of PV and PP areas, indicating Kupffer cells. Double immunofluorescence showed, Kupffer cells partly co-expressed CD68 and MHC class II antigens in the liver. The numbers of Kupffer cells were significantly high in PP areas as compared with PV or GS areas. CD68-positive exudative macrophages were highly localized in PP and GS areas and a comparatively low PV area. MHC class II-positive dendritic cells (activated macrophages) were localized mainly in GS. Granzyme B-positive NK cells were mainly localized in the Glisson's sheath. CD3-positive T cells and CD20-positive B cells were distributed along the sinusoids of the PP and PV areas of hepatic lobules. Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive hepatic stellate cells were localized along sinusoids in the hepatic lobules of the liver. Cholangiocytes reacting to cytokeratin 19 were seen on interlobular bile ducts in Glisson's sheath of the liver. This study shows that heterogeneous macrophage populations, liver-resident lymphocytes and hepatic stellate cells localized in PP and PV areas or GS areas of the liver with cells specific patterns. 相似文献
17.
Briggs RW Sieh K Meltzner AJ Natawidjaja D Galetzka J Suwargadi B Hsu YJ Simons M Hananto N Suprihanto I Prayudi D Avouac JP Prawirodirdjo L Bock Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5769):1897-1901
Seismic rupture produced spectacular tectonic deformation above a 400-kilometer strip of the Sunda megathrust, offshore northern Sumatra, in March 2005. Measurements from coral microatolls and Global Positioning System stations reveal trench-parallel belts of uplift up to 3 meters high on the outer-arc islands above the rupture and a 1-meter-deep subsidence trough farther from the trench. Surface deformation reflects more than 11 meters of fault slip under the islands and a pronounced lessening of slip trenchward. A saddle in megathrust slip separates the northwestern edge of the 2005 rupture from the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman rupture. The southeastern edge abuts a predominantly aseismic section of the megathrust near the equator. 相似文献
18.
Futoshi Ishiguri Imam Wahyudi Masae Takeuchi Yuya Takashima Kazuya Iizuka Shinso Yokota Nobuo Yoshizawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(3):241-246
The relationships between growth characteristics and wood properties were investigated for a threatened species, Pericopsis mooniana, to promote the establishment of plantations of this species in the tropics. Growth characteristics (diameter and height)
and stress-wave velocity (SWV) of trees were measured for 22-year-old P. mooniana trees planted in Indonesia. The trees were categorized into three groups, fast-growing, middle-growing, and slow-growing
trees, to investigate the effect of growth rate on the wood properties. In addition, radial variation of anatomical characteristics
and wood properties were determined. No significant correlation was found between growth characteristics and SWV. The values
for the vessel diameter, cell wall thickness of wood fibers, wood fiber length, basic density, modulus of elasticity, and
modulus of rupture from wood at the bark side were higher than those at the pith side. On the other hand, vessel frequency
gradually decreased from pith to bark. These results suggested that low-quality wood, such as juvenile wood, existed near
the pith area. 相似文献
19.
The present study evaluated the presence of specific antibodies against Besnoitia besnoiti in cattle and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt. Sera from cattle (n?=?216) and water buffaloes (n?=?133) collected from five different provinces of Egypt (Behera, Alexandria, Assuit, Gharbia, and Matrouh) were analyzed. Testing for B. besnoiti antibodies by PrioCHECK® Besnoitia Ab 2.0 ELISA initially identified 13.75 % (48 out of 349) of individual sera as positive at the manufacturer’s suggested cutoff threshold, 15 percent positivity (PP). Statistically significant associations between B. besnoiti prevalence, species, sex, age, and geographical distribution were observed. Seropositive animals were distributed in all of the provinces from which animals were sampled except Gharbia province. Assuit province showed the highest percentage of infection (30.76 %) followed by Matrouh, Alexandria, and Behera provinces (25, 16.29, and 9.6 %, respectively). The highest infection rate of B. besnoiti was significantly higher in cattle (17.13 %) than in water buffaloes (9.02 %). Positive cases were observed in all age categories. While the highest infection rate (17.13 %) was recorded in the age group 5–10 years followed by the age group 1–5 years (15.38 %), and only one positive case (1.58 %) was recorded in the age group less than 1 year. The highest infection rate of B. besnoiti infection was recorded in the female animals (14.95 %) followed by the male animals (8.33). This is the first report on the detection of B. besnoiti in cattle and water buffaloes in Egypt. 相似文献
20.
Sulaiman Abdulsalam Abdulwahab S. Shaibu Jibrin M. Ojonuba Huan Peng Deliang Peng 《Plant pathology》2021,70(7):1535-1551
Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a major threat to crop production in Nigeria. Comprehensive data on yield losses for most cereal crops are not readily available. Research on maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has shown an 18%–67% reduction in yield linked to the destructiveness of parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot and root-lesion nematodes. Continuous monoculture and a conservative approach to agriculture increase the incidence and population density of nematodes, leading to higher levels of damage and losses in most cultivated cereal crops. These losses affect the food security of the growing population of Nigeria and many African countries that are heavily dependent on cereals. The accurate identification of nematodes is fundamental for effective management strategies. Nematode taxonomy based on morphology has been difficult due to intraspecific character variations coupled with the limited expertise of indigenous nematologists. Biochemical and molecular marker-based tools and approaches have allowed efficient diagnosis of most nematode species affecting cereal production globally. These approaches have proved useful due to their practicality, rapidness, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. This review describes the important economic effects of these parasitic nematodes on cereal production and highlights the need for integrative approaches to taxonomy for accurate species identification that will improve nematode diagnosis, thereby contributing to the increase of food production in Nigeria. 相似文献