Conserving Bird Biodiversity—General Principles and their Application: Edited by K. Norris and D.J. Pain. Conservation Biology 7, Cambridge University Press. 2002. ISBN 0 521 78340 2 (hardback) 0 521 78949 4 (paperback). Price: £75.00, £27.99     

Jim Reynolds 《Biological conservation》2003,114(2):306-307

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Effect of differently post-treated dewatered sewage sludge on β-glucosidase activity,microbial biomass carbon,basal respiration and carbohydrates contents of soils from limestone quarries     

P. Jiménez  O. Ortiz  D. Tarrasón  M. Ginovart  M. Bonmatí 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(2):393-398

This work has evaluated the effects of thermally dried (TDS) or composted (CDS) dewatered sewage sludge on β-glucosidase activity, total (TCH) and extractable (ECH) carbohydrate content, microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration of soils from limestone quarries under laboratory conditions. Two doses (low and high) of the dewatered sludge (DS) or of the respective TDS or CDS were applied to a clayey and a sandy soil, both coming from working quarries. The soil mixtures and the controls (soils with no added sludge) were incubated for 9 months at 25°C and 30% of field capacity. The addition of sludge increased all the studied soil parameters, and the increase depended on the amount of sludge. Except in the case of TCH and ECH, the enhancing effect decreased with time, but at the end of incubation, parameters of the treated soils were higher than those of the control. The rank order of the initial stimulating effect was soil–TDS ≥ soil–DS ≥ soil–CDS, and probably, this order depended on the proportion of stable organic matter, which was the lowest in the TDS. Values of metabolic quotient (qCO₂) were higher at the lower dose, and they did not change during incubation in the CDS-treated soils. Both TCH and ECH were the parameters with the greatest significant sludge and dose effects. Basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon and β-glucosidase activity were the best measured parameters in distinguishing the long-term effects of the three sludge types over the soils.  相似文献   

Experimental study of soil microfabrics induced by isotropic stresses of wetting and drying     

J.B. Dalrymple  C.Y. Jim 《Geoderma》1984,34(1):43-68

This experimental study examines the relationship between texture and microfabric under isotropic stresses generated by wetting and drying. This can be achieved by observing and measuring the reorganization of microfabrics (plasmic fabrics and related distribution pattern, RDP). Microfabrics are produced in the laboratory by mixing montmorillonite with various proportions of sand and silt, and subjecting them to wetting and drying without confinement. Thin sections are cut to study their microfabrics. Results show broad and systematic variations in fabric with changes in texture. Fine matrix (silt plus clay in physical continuity) is developed in samples with low sand:silt ratio, and regardless of this ratio at high clay levels. Coarse porphyric and fine porphyric RDP are formed at low and high clay contents, respectively. Plasmic fabrics are represented mainly by insepic and weakly developed mosepic and masepic fabrics in the matrix in the form of small plasma separations with random orientation, and weak skelsepic plasma as embedded grain argillans. On the other hand, coarse matrix (sand grains in physical continuity) dominates the sandy samples which are associated with relatively thick and strongly birefringent free grain argillans giving well-developed skelsepic fabric. The RDP follows two major paths: beginning with orthogranic (very low clay content) along the iunctic sequence at low clay:silt ratio and along the chlamydic sequence at high ratio. The regularities in fabric development are interpreted in the light of the dynamic properties and behaviour of the active clay fraction in a clay-water system. The pedogenetic implications of the results are explored, and the term “erdic” fabric defined.  相似文献   

On the potential of documenting decadal-scale avifaunal change from before-and-after comparisons of museum and observational data across North America     

Fernando Machado-Stredel  Benedictus Freeman  Daniel Jiménez-Garcia  Marlon E.Cobos  Claudia Nu?ez-Penichet  Laura Jiménez  Ed Komp  Utku Perktas  Ali Khalighifar  Kate Ingenloff  Walter Tapondjou  Thilina de Silva  Sumudu Fernando  Luis Osorio-Olvera  A.Townsend Peterson 《中国鸟类》2022,(1):1-10

Studies of biodiversity dynamics have been cast on either long(systematics)or short(ecology)time scales,leaving a gap in coverage for moderate time scales of de...  相似文献   

Digestion of soybean meal proteinin the equine small and large intestine at various levels of intake     

E.B. Farley MS  G.D. Potter PhD  P.G. Gibbs PhD  J. Schumacher DVM  M. Murray-Gerzik MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1995,15(9)

Four mature pony geldings weighing an average of 134 kg and fitted with ileal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to determine the digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) protein in different segments of the equine digestive tract at various levels of protein intake. A complete basal corn-based diet was supplemented with SBM to formulate four diets with increasing crude protein. The diets, labeled A (basal), B, C and D, contained 4.9%, 9.5%, 14% and 16.5% crude protein (as fed), and provided nitrogen, per feeding, at approximately 44.8, 84.3, 123.9 and 146.3 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Chromic oxide was fed to measure ileal flow and fecal excretion. Digestion and absorption of nitrogen was determined from changes in nitrogen: chromium ratios, and true digestion of nitrogen was computed by regression analysis. True total tract digestion of nitrogen was 95.7%. True digestibility of nitrogen in the small intestine over the range of linearity was 72.2%, while true digestibility of nitrogen reaching the large intestine was 89.8%. These data indicate that the protein in SBM was almost completely digested in the equine digestive tract. Furthermore, approximately 75% of the digestible protein was digested prececally when nitrogen intake was less than approximately 125 mg/kg of body weight per feeding.  相似文献   

Reptile respiratory medicine.     

Juergen Schumacher 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2003,6(1):213-31, viii

Respiratory tract disease is commonly diagnosed in captive collections of reptiles and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Improper environmental conditions are often contributing factors for the development of respiratory disease in reptiles. A detailed knowledge of the unique reptilian respiratory morphology and function is essential to successfully diagnose and treat respiratory disease. A variety of noninfectious and infectious causes have been identified in the etiology of reptile respiratory disease. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of reptilian diseases is increasing, and with the availability of new therapeutic agents and advanced diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis and treatment of reptile respiratory tract disease has become more successful.  相似文献   

Cecocecal intussusception in a pony: A case report     

Barbara L. Smith DVM  James Schumacher DVM  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1988,8(4)

A 14-year-old Welsh-cross gelding was referred to Texas Veterinary Medical Center's Teaching Hospital because of mild to moderate abdominal pain of 48 hours duration. The referring veterinarian rectally palpated a grapefruit-sized firm mass in the anterior ventral abdomen. The pony had been treated with flunixin meglumine^a (1.0 mg/kg, IV) and mineral oil (2 liters) via nasogastric tube.  相似文献   

Temporary indwelling rectal liner for use in horses with rectal tears     

T S Taylor  J P Watkins  J Schumacher 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,191(6):677-680

A temporary indwelling liner was surgically installed in 17 horses with grade III or grade IV rectal tears. The rectal tears of 9 of the horses healed. The remaining 8 horses developed peritonitis as a result of peritoneal contamination before surgery, a change in grade of the tear, or material failure.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the horse   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S H Duran  W R Ravis  W M Pedersoli  J Schumacher 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(5):807-810

Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital was examined in 6 mature horses after 12 mg of phenobarbital/kg of body weight was infused over 20 minutes. Biexponential decrease in serum phenobarbital concentrations was observed with a distribution-phase half-life of 0.101 +/- 0.086 hour (mean +/- SD) and a terminal-phase elimination half-life of 18.3 +/- 3.65 hours. The volume of distribution at steady state was 0.803 +/- 0.070 L/kg. Total body clearance of phenobarbital was 30.8 +/- 6.2 ml/h/kg. The high clearance in the horse seems to explain the markedly shorter half-life of phenobarbital in this species. Seemingly, 6.65 mg of phenobarbital/kg as a 20-minute infusion given every 12 hours would provide approximate peaks of 29 micrograms/ml and troughs of 15 micrograms/ml. A loading dose of 12 mg of phenobarbital/kg would be appropriate for this regimen.  相似文献   

An ELISA with Brucella lipopolysaccharide antigen for the diagnosis of B. melitensis infection in sheep and for the evaluation of serological responses following subcutaneous or conjunctival B. melitensis strain Rev 1 vaccination.     

M P Jiménez de Bagüés  C M Marín  J M Blasco  I Moriyón  C Gamazo 《Veterinary microbiology》1992,30(2-3):233-241

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with unpurified Brucella melitensis smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) as antigen was evaluated for the serological diagnosis of B. melitensis infection in sheep in comparison with the Rose Bengal (RB), complement fixation (CF), radial immunodiffusion (RID), microplate agglutination (MA) and rivanol agglutination (RIV) tests. Tests RB and CF detected as positive each of the 77 sera from B. melitensis-infected animals tested, the RID (74), MA (76) and the RIV (72) were less sensitive. However, all tests compared were negative when 77 sera from Brucella-free rams were tested. While subcutaneous Rev 1 vaccination induced high response levels in any of the tests, low level responses were obtained upon conjunctival vaccination, particularly in ELISA and RID tests.  相似文献