Does future climate change facilitate expansion of evergreen broad-leaved tree species in the human-disturbed landscape of the Korean Peninsula? Implication for monitoring design of the impact assessment     

Jong-Hak Yun  Katsuhiro Nakao  Ikutaro Tsuyama  Motoki Higa  Tetsuya Matsui  Chan-Ho Park  Byoung-Yoon Lee  Nobuyuki Tanaka 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):174-183

To quantitatively assess future change of evergreen broad-leaved tree species’ distributions in human-disturbed landscapes of the Korean Peninsula under climate change, potential habitats (PHs) were projected for four important evergreen broad-leaved tree species (Quercus acuta, Castanopsis sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, and Neolitsea sericea) by species distribution models (SDMs). The distribution data (presence/absence) of the target species in Korea and Japan were used as response variables for SDMs, and climatic data were used as explanatory variables. Three general circulation models under A2 emission scenarios were used as future climate scenarios for the years 2070–2099. Potential habitats masked by land-use data (PHLUs) were projected to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities. Highly accurate SDMs were obtained for all the target species. The current PHs were decreased to 21–35 % by the anthropogenic activities. Future PHLUs for all the target species were projected to increase by 2.0–18.5 times of current PHLUs. These results suggest that all the target species are applicable as indicator species for monitoring in the Korean Peninsula, even if anthropogenic effects are incorporated. Variation of the increasing rate was caused by the differences in the response to temperature changes. M. thunbergii responded sensitively to the increase of minimum temperature of coldest month and had a largest increase in PHLUs under future climate. Therefore, M. thunbergii is considered to be most appropriate species for monitoring the changes of horizontal distributions above all focal evergreen broad-leaved tree species.  相似文献   

猪苓多糖抗突变作用研究     

王虹  刘敏玲  邵蕾 《西北农业学报》2014,23(2):35-38

为研究猪苓多糖对环磷酰胺的抗突变作用,采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验,以环磷酰胺(40mg/kg)为阳性对照,生理盐水为阴性对照,不同质量分数的猪苓多糖(400mg/kg、200mg/kg和100mg/kg)为试验组,经腹腔注射,连续给药5d,第6天再给阳性药物,观察小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率和精子畸形率。结果表明,猪苓多糖各剂量组均能降低由环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率和精子畸形率,低剂量组猪苓多糖对微核的抑制率最大,为84.28%;高剂量组猪苓多糖对小鼠精子畸形抑制最强,为60.40%,并且能使小鼠产生多种类型的精子畸形。说明,猪苓多糖可有效抑制环磷酰胺所诱发的突变,具有一定的抗突变作用。  相似文献   

猪瘟病毒NS3蛋白在真核细胞中的表达与定位     

宋江伟  田宏  吴锦艳  陈妍  尚佑军  刘湘涛 《西北农业学报》2014,23(8):16-19

为研究与猪瘟病毒NS3蛋白相互作用的宿主细胞蛋白,采用PCR方法获得NS3基因,将其定向克隆至pCMV-Myc真核表达载体,经酶切鉴定及序列测定分析,将鉴定为阳性重组表达质粒命名为pMycNS3。采用脂质体介导法将pMyc-NS3转染至PK-15细胞和293T细胞,Western blot和间接免疫荧光检测目的蛋白的表达。结果表明,成功构建重组表达质粒pMyc-NS3,Western blot表明,NS3蛋白在PK-15细胞和293T细胞中均得到表达,NS3在PK-15和293T细胞质中呈弥散性分布。说明,成功构建的猪瘟病毒NS3基因与Myc融合表达质粒,为验证NS3蛋白与宿主细胞蛋白相互作用奠定基础。  相似文献   

菠萝叶纤维与其它植物纤维的吸湿性能对比测试及分析     

连文伟  张劲  薛忠  李明福  黄涛 《绿色科技》2014,(10)

利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试方法对菠萝叶纤维、亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维和棉花纤维的微观形态结构进行了分析。分析认为:菠萝叶纤维的形态结构有区别于其它三种植物纤维,有较大的比表面积;菠萝叶纤维的结晶度与亚麻纤维和苎麻纤维接近,高于棉花纤维。在热带标准状态下,采用烘箱干燥法和回归模型分析法,对测试的四种进行了吸湿、放湿测试与分析。结果表明:在吸湿性能方面,菠萝叶纤维表现最佳,棉花纤维最差;在纤维吸湿平衡回潮率和吸湿速率方面,菠萝叶纤维与亚麻纤维和苎麻纤维相近,且高于棉花纤维;在纤维放湿平衡回潮率和放湿速率方面,菠萝叶纤维高于亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维和棉花纤维。  相似文献   

西安市郊菜地土壤重金属污染及其与蔬菜重金属质量分数的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李雪芳  王文岩  上官宇先  赵玉霞  周芳  侯红  王林权 《西北农业学报》2014,23(8):173-181

为查明西安市郊菜地土壤和蔬菜重金属污染现状及原因,采用"点对点"采样方法(即同时采集同一地块上的土壤和蔬菜样品),分别采集36个西安市郊菜地土壤和蔬菜样品,分析其Cd、Hg和As 3种重金属元素的质量分数;以单因子污染指数和综合污染指数为评价指标,对其进行污染评价;研究蔬菜与土壤中重金属质量分数之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)西安市郊菜地土壤达到轻度污染水平;其中,Cd为轻度污染,Hg、As质量分数超出警戒线。(2)部分蔬菜重金属质量分数超过国家食品卫生标准。Cd的超标率为27.78%,Hg的超标率为2.78%;但从蔬菜的综合污染指数看,当地的绿叶蔬菜是清洁的。(3)不同蔬菜对Cd和As的富集能力为:芹菜油菜小白菜小青菜,对Hg的富集顺序为:芹菜小青菜油菜小白菜;重金属元素的富集潜势为CdHgAs。(4)土壤全量和有效态Cd、Hg质量分数与蔬菜地上部Cd、Hg质量分数显著正相关。  相似文献   

杏树次生代谢物质含量与小蠹虫危害的关系     

朱苗苗  杨璐  朱晓峰  李建贵  李宏 《西北农业学报》2014,23(7):155-159

为揭示杏树次生代谢物质含量与小蠹虫危害的关系,通过对小蠹虫不同危害程度的杏树树皮和树叶中的次生代谢物质(黄酮、单宁、总酚)质量分数进行研究,用方差分析和相关性分析判断各个次生代谢物质质量分数的变化与小蠹虫危害之间的关系。结果表明:不同危害程度的杏树,叶片中这3个次生代谢物质的质量分数间均无显著差异(P0.05);不同危害程度的杏树皮中黄酮和总酚质量分数之间存在显著差异(P0.05);不同危害程度的树皮中的单宁质量分数间无显著差异。经过相关性分析,受害程度与树皮中的次生代谢物质(黄酮、单宁、总酚)质量分数呈负相关性,总酚质量分数与受害程度的相关性最大,黄酮次之,单宁最小,其中与总酚在8月的相关性最大为(r=-0.878**),与单宁质量分数相关性在6月最小(r=-0.280)。  相似文献   

凉山不同环境区域烟叶质量分析     

郭群召  刘健康  江连强  余剑涵  殷红  张保全 《河南农业科学》2014,(11):41-44

为探明凉山不同环境区域烟叶的质量特征,对沿江地带干热河谷地区、山地区域、盆地坝区的烟叶综合质量进行了比较和评价。结果表明,烟叶外观质量表现为山地区域＞河谷区域＞盆地坝区;盆地坝区烟叶烟碱、总氮含量最高,总糖、还原糖、氧化钾、氯含量及总糖／烟碱、钾／氯指标最低,河谷区域与山地区域烟叶化学成分指标均差别不大,但山地区域烟叶总糖、还原糖、氧化钾含量和总糖／烟碱、钾／氯均略低于河谷区域烟叶;山地区域烟叶物理特性最好,盆地坝区烟叶最差;烟叶各类香气物质含量和评吸质量均表现为山地区域＞河谷区域＞盆地坝区。山地区域烤后烟叶综合质量最高,河谷区域烟叶综合质量好于盆地坝区。  相似文献   

2014年河南省小麦品种发展趋势及利用建议     

王西成  赵虹  曹廷杰  胡卫国  陈渝 《河南农业科学》2014,(9)

通过对2013－2014年度小麦生育期间河南省气候特点的分析和对生产上大面积利用的小麦品种的表现情况进行调查,认为本年度的气候条件对小麦生产整体有利,但不利于病害、抗倒性、成熟期的鉴定,根据河南省的常年气候特点,提出了小麦品种利用过程中应注意的问题,预测了部分品种的发展趋势,介绍了部分小麦新品种的特性和利用技术。  相似文献   

Temperature-dependent development and survival of Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): implications for mass rearing and biological control     

Sunghoon Baek  Youngsoo Son  Yong-Lak Park 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(2):331-340

The spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), is a generalist predator that can control >75 insect pests in various agroecosystems. Despite valuable results from the previous studies, thermal development and survival of P. maculiventris over a wide range of temperatures had not been elucidated completely. This study was conducted to investigate the stage-specific development and survival of P. maculiventris at eight constant temperatures (13.2, 18.4, 21.7, 23.7, 27.2, 32.7, 35.2, and 40.6 °C) covering the entire thermal range for P. maculiventris development. Completion of egg development was observed at 13.2–32.7 °C, whereas nymphs successfully developed into adults at 18.4–32.7 °C. Survival model using log-normal equations showed bell-shape patterns for all stages, and temperatures resulting in highest survival of P. maculiventris were 19.9, 24.3, and 24.5 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. Developmental rates at the eight temperatures were fitted with a nonlinear Briere model, which estimated optimal temperatures for development as 31.2, 30.6, and 30.6 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. Operative thermal ranges (i.e., in-between the lower and upper developmental thresholds) were estimated to be 8.9–35.2, 12.8–35.2, and 12.7–35.2 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. In a linear model, the lower thresholds were 10.9, 13.1, and 13.0 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. Findings herein provide comprehensive data and explanations on optimal temperature and thermal requirement for P. maculiventris, which can be used to optimize environmental condition in mass rearing and predicting phenology of P. maculiventris in the field.  相似文献   

基于SPH算法的平面刀土壤切削过程模拟   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

卢彩云  何进  李洪文  王庆杰  郑智旗  张祥彩 《农业机械学报》2014,45(8):134-139

以我国华北一年两熟区保护性耕作地土壤为原型,利用ANSYS/LS_DYNA对平面刀切削土壤过程进行数值模拟,并通过理论分析和试验,验证SPH算法在模拟平面刀切削土壤过程方面的可行性。结合MAT147土壤材料模型,SPH算法及点-面侵蚀接触,运用ANSYS/LS_DYNA软件对平面刀切削土壤过程进行有限元分析。仿真结果表明,SPH算法能够直观模拟平面刀切削土壤整个过程,最大等效应力为5.851 MPa,主要集中在与平面刀接触的土壤上;平面刀切削全过程表明,土壤所受等效应力波动较小,切削过程比较平稳;稳定切削时切削功耗在10.2 kW附近波动,通过理论和试验验证,仿真切削误差不大于0.05。由此说明SPH算法进行平面刀切削过程的数值模拟是可行的。  相似文献