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71.
利用复合方法对不同耕作系统中的土壤微生物活性进行分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cropping activities may affect soil microbial activities and biomass,which would affect C and N cycling in soil and thus the crop yields and quality.In the present study,a combination of microcalorimetric,enzyme activity(sucrase,urease,catalase,and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis),and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analyses was used to investigate microbial status of farmland soils,collected from 5 different sites in Huazhong Agriculture University,China.Our results showed that among the 5sites,both positive and negative impacts of cropping activities on soil microbial activity were observed.Enzyme activity analysis showed that cropping activities reduced soil sucrase and urease activities,which would influence the C and N cycles in soil.Much more attentions should be given to microbial status affected by cropping activities in future.According to the correlation analysis,fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis showed a significantly(P 0.05) negative correlation with the time to reach the maximum power output(R ——0.898),but a significantly(P 0.05) positive correlation with bacterial gene copy number(R = 0.817).Soil catalase activity also showed a significantly(P 0.05) positive correlation with bacterial gene copy number(R = 0.965).Using combined methods would provide virtual information of soil microbial status. 相似文献
72.
我国蚕桑生产机械设备的研究概况 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
我国的栽桑养蚕专用机械设备研究,在20世纪50年代末至60年代初的蚕桑生产恢复时期以及70年代至80年代的蚕桑生产快速发展时期取得了较大进展,研制出一系列桑园管理机具、养蚕机械设备、制种及蚕茧干燥设备。但是,这些机具的生产实用率较低,特别是蚕桑机具的研究队伍薄弱、资金匮乏,导致其在蚕业技术体系中仍然是一个弱势环节。2008年建立的国家蚕桑产业技术研发中心及所属的设施与机械研究室,在以下研究中取得重要进展:适合养蚕农户栽桑养蚕的设备改良与省力化设备研究;桑枝伐条机械研制;桑枝粉碎机及食用菌专用烘干机研制;废弃生物质燃料环保节能热风烘茧机研制等。为提高我国蚕桑生产的机械化水平,建议加大对蚕桑生产机械研究的投入,重点开展省力、高效、优质蚕桑生产机械设备的研制,并将生产急需的一些实用蚕桑机械的推广纳入农机补贴。 相似文献
73.
玉米大斑病菌腺苷酸环化酶基因的克隆与功能分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
【目的】获得玉米大斑病菌（Setosphaeria turcica）cAMP信号转导途径中腺苷酸环化酶基因（StAC）,利用基因敲除技术明确其在病菌致病过程中的功能。【方法】应用简并引物PCR和Genome Walking技术克隆玉米大斑病菌腺苷酸环化酶基因（StAC）DNA全长序列,并对该基因进行生物信息学分析;利用Southern blotting验证基因拷贝数;通过基因敲除技术创制StAC的缺失突变体,研究玉米大斑病菌cAMP信号转导途径中StAC的功能。【结果】StAC的DNA全长为6 816 bp,由5个外显子和4个内含子组成;ORF为6 018 bp,编码2 005个氨基酸,同源序列比对发现StAC与小麦黄斑叶枯病菌（Pyrenophora tritici-repentis）的AC基因有96%的同源性;Southern blotting证明StAC在玉米大斑病菌基因组中以单拷贝形式存在;基因功能分析表明,StAC缺失突变菌株Δstac气生菌丝灰白色,不产生分生孢子,毒素活性明显减弱,致病力下降,且在渗透胁迫条件下,菌株的抗逆能力增强,色素合成发生了改变。【结论】StAC主要调控玉米大斑病菌的产孢、致病性、高渗胁迫反应、毒素活性及色素的合成代谢。 相似文献
74.
小鼠卵丘细胞对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验通过牛生发泡(GV)期无卵丘细胞卵母细胞-裸卵(denuded oocytes,DOs)与小鼠卵丘细胞(mouse cumulus cells,mCCs)共培养,研究异种mCCs对牛DOs体外成熟和孤雌激活后发育的影响,进而探讨卵丘细胞对卵母细胞的作用机制,为牛卵母细胞体外成熟效率提高提供实验依据.牛卵母细胞分为COCs(cumulus-oocytes complexes)组、DOs+bCCs(bovine cumulus cells,bCCs)组、DOs+mCCs组和DOs组4个组合,体外成熟22～24h后,检测各组卵母细胞第一极体排出率、MⅡ期卯母细胞中谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量利孤雌激活后的发育能力,以及卵母细胞内骨形态发生蛋白15( BMP15和生长分化因子9(GDF9)mRNA相对表达水平.结果表明:(1) DOs+mCCs组和DOs+bCCs组卵母细胞核成熟率[(68.48±5.71)％,(71.00±4.27)％]显著低于COCs组(84.70±3.41)％(P＜0.05),但均显著高丁DOs组(54.26±5.03)％(P＜0.05); (2) DOs+mCCs组MⅡ卵母细胞GSH含量和孤雌激活囊胚率[(2.48±0.24) pmol/oocyte,(44.19±4.03)％]与DOs+bCCs组[(2.49±0.18)pmol/oocyte,(48.57±5.20)％]和DOs组[(2.40±0.17)pmol/oocyte,(43.47±7.34)％]之间没有差异,但分别显著低于COCs组[(9.67 ±0.18)pmol/oocyte,(59.93±6.13)％](P＜0.05),各组孤雌激活卵裂率之间没有显著差异[(98.85±4.32)％,(92.11±2.00)％,(95.40±4.11)％,(93.18±3.19)％](P＞0.05);(3)DOs+mCCs组、DOs+bCCs组和COCs组卵母细胞中BMP15和GDF9 mRNA相对表达水平均显著性高于DOs组(P＜0.05),其中,DOs+mCCs组和COCs组GDF9 mRNA相对表达水平显著高于DOs+bCCs组(P＜0.05).实验结果表明,mCCs能提高牛DOs的核成熟率及BMP15和GDF9 mRNA相对表达水平,但对牛DOs的细胞质成熟和MⅡ卵母细胞孤雌激活胚胎囊胚发育没有促进作用,说明卵丘细胞通过一些旁分泌因子促进卵母细胞核成熟,且这些因子的作用可能没有种属特异性. 相似文献
75.
Microbial ferric iron reduction, with organic carbon or hydrogen as the electron donor, is one of the most important biogeochemical processes in anoxic paddy soils; however, the diversity and community structure of hydrogen-dependent dissimilatory iron-reducers remain unknown. Potential H2-dependent Fe(III)-reducing bacteria in paddy soils were explored using enrichment cultures with ferrihydrite or goethite as the electron acceptor and hydrogen as the electron donor. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and cloning/sequencing were conducted to reveal bacterial community structure. Results showed that Geobacter and Clostridium were the dominant bacteria in the enrichment cultures. Fe(III) oxide mineral phases showed a strong effect on the community structure; Geobacter and Clostridium were dominant in the ferrihydrite treatment, while Clostridium spp. were dominant in the goethite treatment. These suggested that H2-dependent Fe(III)-reducing bacteria might be widely distributed in paddy soils and that besides Geobacter, Clostridium spp. might also be an important group of H2-dependent Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms. 相似文献
76.
目的 探讨眩晕定颗粒对家兔气虚血瘀型后循环缺血性眩晕模型前庭神经核区Bax、Bcl-2及脑源性神经生长因子（BDNF）表达的影响。方法 建立气虚血瘀型后循环缺血性眩晕家兔模型,以西比灵为西药对照,眩晕宁为中药对照,免疫组化法测定前庭神经核区Bax、Bcl-2和BDNF表达。结果 造模后模型组家兔脑干前庭神经核Bcl-2及BDNF表达显著下降,Bax表达上调,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;药物干预后,与模型组比较,眩晕定颗粒使家兔脑干前庭神经核Bcl-2及BDNF表达上调,并可抑制Bax的表达。结论 眩晕定颗粒治疗家兔实验性眩晕的作用与其促进脑组织Bcl-2、BDNF表达,抑制Bax表达有关。 相似文献
77.
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (ARA) to prostaglandins, and COX-mediated metabolites play important roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and immunity in mammals. However, such roles of COX in fish remain largely unknown. In this study, we designed three semi-purified diets, namely ARA-free (control), ARA, and ARA + acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; a COX inhibitor), and used them to feed grass carp (27.65 ± 3.05 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary ARA significantly increased the amount of ARA in the hepatopancreas, muscle, and kidney (P < 0.05), whereas this increase was reduced by dietary ASA. The hepatopancreatic prostaglandin E2 content increased in the ARA group, and this increase was inhibited by ASA (P < 0.05). ARA decreased the lipid content in the hepatopancreas, whereas ASA recovered lipid content to a significant level (P < 0.05). ARA significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). However, ASA did not rescue the mRNA expression of these genes (P > 0.05). Interestingly, ARA significantly enhanced the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α gene expression, and this increase was attenuated by ASA (P < 0.05). Finally, ARA significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in the kidney, and ASA attenuated the expression of toll-like receptor 22 and MyD88 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that COX metabolites play important roles in the inhibition of lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas of grass carp fed with ARA and that regulation of gene expression promotes lipid catabolism rather than lipogenic activities. Additionally, these eicosanoids might participate in the upregulation of immunity-related genes in the kidney. 相似文献