松树材小蠹Xyleborus festivus Eichhoff (Scolytinae: Xyleborini)在中国南方的发生及其共生真菌研究     

李猷  林伟  唐也  HULCR Jiri  高磊 《植物保护》2020,46(3):147-151

松树材小蠹Xyleborus festivus Eichhoff是东南亚地区为害松属植物的重要害虫,为掌握该虫在中国南方的发生情况及其共生真菌种类,本文通过检视标本馆标本和野外调查,并对采集的标本携带的真菌进行分类培养,利用分子生物学的方法对获得的真菌种类进行鉴定。本文提供了松树材小蠹的鉴别特征,记录了其在中国南方的发生情况、地理分布、寄主等,同时分离出共生真菌7种,并确定其储菌囊中的优势真菌——Raffaelea cf.arxii。松树材小蠹对寄主植物的危害极有可能引起或加速其他病害发生,应引起相关部门的重视。  相似文献   

浑善达克沙地黄柳再生沙障插穗指标1）     

刘冠志  刘果厚  刘哲荣  希吉日  姜莹  张瑞麟  刘利红 《东北林业大学学报》2015,(5)

采用野外实地扦插试验方法对浑善达克沙地2种立地类型（平缓沙地和风蚀坑）上黄柳（ Salix gorde-jve ii）再生沙障插穗个体的长度、栽植密度、采集时间和扦插时间与其成活率的关系进行了研究。结果显示：平缓沙地插穗长度为50 cm较为适宜,成活率可达84．41％,风蚀坑插穗长度为65 cm较为适宜,成活率达84．83％。2种立地类型下,栽植密度为10根· m－1时的成活效果较好,成活率分别为83．75％和75．25％。平缓沙地和风蚀坑扦插的冬贮条均较现采条的成活率高,成活率分别为91．25％和84．58％,即插穗在秋季采集较好。春季扦插较秋季扦插更有利于成活,平缓沙地上春季扦插的冬贮条与现采条的成活率为91．25％和83．75％,分别较秋季扦插的现采条的成活率高22．42％和14．92％。  相似文献   

Fertilizing ability of gametes at different post‐activation times and the sperm–oocyte ratio in the artificial reproduction of pikeperch Sander lucioperca          下载免费PDF全文

Jiri Kristan  Daniel Zarski  Miroslav Blecha  Tomas Policar  Oleksandr Malinovskyi  Azin Mohagheghi Samarin  Katarzyna Palinska‐Zarska  Joanna Nowosad  Slawomir Krejszeff  Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(4):1383-1388

The time period during which oocyte and spermatozoa retain their fertilizing ability after contacting with water was evaluated in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). In addition, success of in vitro fertilization was examined regarding to the sperm‐to‐oocyte ratio (SOR). In the first trial, oocytes were placed in Petri dishes containing 5 ml of the hatchery water, to which freshly collected and pooled sperm were added to each sample at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 s post oocyte activation. The oocytes retained their fertility for at least 30 s after contacting with water. The second trial tested the maximum time period during which spermatozoa retained fertilizability after contacting with water. Milt (50 μl) was collected from each male and added to 5 ml of water in Petri dishes. Thereafter, oocytes were added at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 75 s post‐sperm activation. Delays exceeding 10 s affected negatively the fertilization success. The third trial examined the optimum SOR; in which was found that 100 × 10³ spermatozoa per oocyte were the minimum ratio to ensure fertilization rates above 70%. Overall, the data clarified some biological interactions of gametes in the artificial propagation of pikeperch.  相似文献   

Stress responses of carp pond fish stock upon hunting activities of the great cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis L.)     

Jiri Kortan  Jana Blahova  Kamila Kruzikova  Zdenek Adamek 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(3):322-330

In addition to direct predation, cormorants can affect carp pond fish stock through disturbance and wounding of the fish. Fish stress response was evaluated by catch per unit effort (CPUE) using lift‐net sampling. A significantly higher (P<0.001) CPUE was recorded in the littoral region of ponds affected by cormorant visits (43.6 ± 39.6) in comparison with a control pond (CP) without their occurrence (0.9 ± 1.1). Stress indices, spleen somatic index (SSI) and Fulton's condition coefficient (FCC) were evaluated for fish subject to two stress factors, hunting cormorants (HC) and pond harvesting (PH), and compared with levels in fish from the CP. Both SSI and FCC decreased significantly (P<0.05) in PH and HC fish in comparison with the control group, while non‐significant differences were observed in both SSI and FCC indices among the HC and PH groups. Plasma biochemical indices (cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in the PH group as compared with the HC and CP groups. Concentrations in the HC and CP groups did not differ significantly. Total plasma protein levels were significantly higher (P<0.01) in HC fish compared with CP fish, but did not differ significantly from PH fish.  相似文献   

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis infection of pigs and cytokine signalling in palatine tonsils     

Volf J  Stepanova H  Matiasovic J  Kyrova K  Sisak F  Havlickova H  Leva L  Faldyna M  Rychlik I 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(1-2):127-135

Pigs are considered as one of the major sources of zoonotic strains of Salmonella enterica for humans. Out of many S. enterica serovars, S. Typhimurium dominates in pigs, however, in several countries in Central Europe, S. Enteritidis is also quite frequent in pig herds. In this study we therefore compared the colonisation of pigs with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. We found that 3 weeks after infection S. Enteritidis 147 colonised the intestinal tract in higher quantities but was shed in faeces in lower quantities than S. Typhimurium 17C10. In a second experiment we found out that S. Enteritidis 147 and its SPI-1 and SPI-4 mutants increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-8) signalling in the ileum 5 days post infection. On the other hand, independent of SPI-1 or SPI-4, S. Enteritidis 147 suppressed expression of IL-18, MCP1, TLR2, CD86, IL-7, IL-10 and IL-15 in the palatine tonsils. The suppression of cytokine signalling may facilitate the initial colonisation of the palatine tonsils by Salmonella. Moreover, immune suppression may also influence pig resistance to opportunistic pathogens and Salmonella infection in pigs thus may become an issue not only in terms of pork contamination but also in terms of affecting the immunological status of pig herds.  相似文献   

The impact of climate change on the yield and quality of Saaz hops in the Czech Republic     

Martin Mozny  Radim Tolasz  Jiri Nekovar  Tim Sparks  Mirek Trnka  Zdenek Zalud 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(6-7):913-919

The impact of climate change on the production and quality of hops Humulus lupulus will depend on future weather conditions in the growing season. Our simulations suggest that hops will be particularly vulnerable to a change in climate. Even with the modest warming so far experienced yields have stagnated and quality declined. Recorded observations show an increase in air temperature which is associated with an earlier onset of hop phenological phases and a shortening of the vegetation period. Simulations using future climate predict a decline in both yields, of up to 7–10%, and α-acid content, of up to 13–32%, the latter a major determinant of quality. The concentration of hop cultivation in a comparatively small region in the Czech Republic makes it more vulnerable than if the crop were grown in more areas with different climates. Thus climate change may gradually lead to changes in the regionalization of hop production. Policy assistance may be necessary for the adaptation of the Czech hop growing industry to changed climatic conditions.  相似文献   

Reservoirs' siltation measurments and sediment transport assessment in the Czech Republic, the Vrchlice catchment study     

Josef Krasa  Tomas Dostal  Anton Van Rompaey  Jiri Vaska  Karel Vrana 《CATENA》2005,64(2-3):348

Sediment transport from agricultural land into rivers and reservoirs is a problem within the Czech Republic. This problem was highly accelerated almost 50 years ago during the communist period. At that time strong collectivization was undertaken leading to destruction of traditional landscape patterns, surface outflow, erosion processes intensification and surface water quality deterioration. Thirteen years after political changes erosion problems remain.At the Department of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engineering at the CTU Prague there has been continuous research undertaken in the field of erosion and sediment transport assessment. There are several modelling tools available for this purpose. One of them—USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) is commonly used in the Czech Republic for many years at a plot-scale but modern GIS (geographical information systems) tools in computer science allow using it at larger scales. Very important is the validation of this model for two-dimensional topography and GIS routines. Moreover USLE produces only local erosion amount values and has to be completed by another tool to get sediment amounts. For this purpose SDR (sediment delivery ratio) is usually used, applying a lumped approach—total erosion of every watershed is reduced by SDR and by pond’s trapping efficiency. Another available approach is using the Watem/SEDEM model that puts together RUSLE (Revised USLE) and a distributive approach to sediment transport modelling. This has already been used for estimating sediment amount in several catchments of the Czech Republic, but has to be validated as well.At the Dept. of Drainage, Irrigation and Landscape Engineering there are datasets of sediment amount from different reservoirs available and other reservoirs are to be measured soon. As the dataset of various watersheds is expanded, a methodology for sediment amount measurements is needed. The main objective of this paper is to propose a simple methodology to measure the sediment amount within reservoirs as well as to present a review of available methods. The application of the methodology at Vrchlice Catchments (97 km²) case study is presented. Total sediment amounts between 125 000140 000 m³ were measured in Vrchlice reservoir and values of 110 976 m³ (using USLE), resp. 105833 m³ (using Watem/SEDEM) were predicted by the erosion models. For catchments of this scale it is a sufficient validation.  相似文献   

Separation, characterization, and quantitation of phenolic acids in a little-known blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) fruit by HPLC-MS     

Ayaz FA  Hayirlioglu-Ayaz S  Gruz J  Novak O  Strnad M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(21):8116-8122

The aim of this study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of free, ester, glycoside, and ester-bound phenolic acids in the blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) fruit. A method for the determination of the profile of phenolic acids of four different phenolic fractions in the fruit was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Thirteen compounds (gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, syringic, sinapic, salicylic, and trans-cinnamic acids) were identified and quantified in the berry. These experimental results showed that the predominant phenolic acid in the fruit of V. arctostaphylos is caffeic acid in free and insoluble ester-bound forms and p-coumaric acid in soluble ester and glycoside forms. Seven phenolic acids were identified as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (HBAs) and four as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAs). Total content of HBAs and HCAs in the four phenolic fractions constituted 30.1 and 69.9% of the free, 27.9 and 72.1% of the ester, 24.7 and 75.3% of the glycoside, and 51.7 and 48.3% of the ester-bound forms, respectively. Total phenolics as the sum of individual phenolic acids identified is 698.5 ng/g of fresh weight (fw) for the free, 3399.2 ng/g of fw for the ester, 3522.1 ng/g of fw for the glycoside, and 3671.6 ng/g of fw for the ester-bound phenolic fractions. The present results were compared with reported levels of phenolic acids in the fruits of different Vaccinium species. These data suggest that the fruit can be considered as a potentially good dietary source of phenolic acids.  相似文献   

Fruit and vegetable intake in the Czech child population     

Jakubikova M  Dofkova M  Ruprich J 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(6):1047-1054

  相似文献   

Canopy reduction as a possible measure for adaptation of young Scots pine stand to insufficient precipitation in Central Europe     

Marian Slodicak Jiri Novak  David Dusek 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(10):1913-1918

Climate change towards a warmer and dryer vegetation period may negatively impact growing conditions for Scots pine monocultures situated on dry, sandy soils in Central Europe. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of thinning on precipitation throughfall in young Scots pine stands on typical pine sites. In 1992, observation of precipitation and throughfall started at the Tyniště research site (lowland of Eastern Bohemia) in a 7-year-old pine stand planted in rows at a stocking of ca 10,000 trees ha⁻¹. Throughfall was measured at weekly intervals during the growing season (April-September) by gauges randomly located in two treatments - variant 1C - Control without thinning and variant 2T - Thinned - and compared to precipitation at an open space outside of the canopy. The results demonstrated the positive effects of heavy low thinning (removal of 47% of the total number of trees and 31% of total pre-treatment basal area) on the water supply of young Scots pine stands. On the Thinned treatment, throughfall increased by 2-8% compared to Control plot. This positive effect persisted for six years after the first canopy reduction and the differences were significant for the first four years after thinning. After the second treatment (high thinning), throughfall on the Thinned treatment showed a nominal, but statistically insignificant increase. The likely reason for this result is that the application of a different type of thinning increased the variability of the canopy and, consequently, the effect of released crowns could not be detected.  相似文献