A comparative epidemiological study of hantavirus infection in Japan and Far East Russia     

Kariwa H  Lokugamage K  Lokugamage N  Miyamoto H  Yoshii K  Nakauchi M  Yoshimatsu K  Arikawa J  Ivanov LI  Iwasaki T  Takashima I 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2007,54(4):145-161

Hantaviruses are causative agents of some severe human illnesses, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The viruses are maintained by rodent hosts, and humans acquire infection by inhaling virus-contaminated excreta from infected animals. To examine the epidemiology of hantavirus infections in Japan and Far East Russia, we conducted epidemiological surveys in these regions. In Japan, anti-hantavirus antibodies were found in four rodent species, Clethrionomys rufocanus, Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus, and Apodemus speciosus. Although no new HFRS cases have been officially reported over the past 20 years in Japan, one member of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force did test positive for hantavirus antibody. Repeated surveys in Far East Russia have revealed that two distinct hantavirus types cause severe HFRS in this region. Hantavirus sequences identified from A. peninsulae, fetal HFRS cases in Vladivostok, and Amur virus are highly similar to each other (> 92% identity), but they are less similar (approximately 84% identity) to the prototypical Hantaan virus, which is carried by A. agrarius. Phylogenetic analysis also indicates that Amur and A. peninsulae-associated viruses are distinct from Hantaan virus, suggesting that A. peninsulae is the reservoir animal for Amur virus, which causes severe HFRS. From HFRS patients in the Khabarovsk region, we identified viruses with nucleotide sequences that are more similar to Far East virus (> 96%identity) than to the Hantaan (88-89% identity) or Amur (81-83% identity) viruses. Phylogenetic analysis also indicates that the viruses from Khabarovsk HFRS patients are closely related to the Far East virus, and distinct from Amur virus.  相似文献   

Performance of the SD Bioline TB Ag MPT64 Rapid test for quick confirmation of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from animals     

Hyeon-Seop Byeon  Mi Jung Ji  Shin-Seok Kang  Sang Woo Kim  Seung-Cheol Kim  Song-Yong Park  Geehyuk Kim  Jiro Kim  Jang-Eun Cho  Bok Kyung Ku  Jae-Myung Kim  Bo-Young Jeon 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):31-35

Mycobacterium (M.) bovis, a bacterium in the M. tuberculosis complex, is a causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a contagious disease of animals. Mycobacterial culture is the gold standard for diagnosing bovine tuberculosis, but this technique is laborious and time-consuming. In the present study, performance of the SD Bioline TB Ag MPT4 Rapid test, an immunochromatographic assay, was evaluated using reference bacterial strains and M. bovis field isolates collected from animals. The SD MPT64 Rapid test produced positive results for 95.5% (63/66) of the M. bovis isolates from cattle and 97.9% (46/47) of the isolates from deer. Additionally, the test had a sensitivity of 96.5% (95% CI, 91.2-99.0), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 96.7-100.0), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 96.7-100.0), and negative predictive value of 92.9% (95% CI, 82.7-98.0) for M. bovis isolates. In conclusion, the SD MPT64 Rapid test is simple to use and may be useful for quickly confirming the presence of M. bovis in animals.  相似文献   

Hantavirus infection in East Asia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kariwa H  Yoshimatsu K  Arikawa J 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2007,30(5-6):341-356

Hantaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that belong to the Hantavirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae. These viruses persistently infect their rodent reservoirs without causing disease. The virus is transmitted to humans via the inhalation of infectious aerosols generated from contaminated animal secretions or through the contaminated saliva of animal bites. Hantaviruses cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Euro-Asia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North and South America. Here, we review the epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infection in Asian countries.  相似文献   

Toxicological studies with the 1,3,5-triazine herbicide cyanazine     

A. Ian T. Walker  Vernon K. H. Brown  Jiro K. Kodama  Ernest Thorpe  Andrew B. Wilson 《Pest management science》1974,5(2):153-159

Acute and long-term mammalian toxicity studies were carried out with the 1,3,5-triazine herbicide cyanazine (I) and its two major plant and soil metabolites DW 43 85 (II) and DW 4394 (III). Depending upon the species used, the acute oral LD50 values for cyanazine ranged from 140-750 mg/kg, the values in any one species not being influenced by formulation. The acute, percutaneous LD50 values were greater than 1000 mg/kg, the maximum dose which could be administered. Cyanazine was non-irritant to eyes and skin and a non-sensitiser to skin. The acute oral LD50 in rats for (II) was 789 mg/kg and for (III) was >2000 mg/kg. In 13-week studies on cyanazine, reduced growth rates and organ weight changes were the most sensitive criteria of exposure, 25 parts/million in the diet of rats and 5 mg/kg orally dosed to dogs being considered to be without toxicological effect. In two year studies 12 parts/million in the diet of rats and 1.25 mg/kg, orally dosed to dogs produced no changes of toxicological significance. In 13-week studies with (II) and (III), intakes of up to 10 000 parts/million in the diet failed to produce any toxicologically significant changes.  相似文献   

Relations between various extracted basic densities and wood chemical components in Eucalyptus globulus     

Toshihiro Ona  Tetsuya Sonoda  Kazuya Ito  Masaru Shibata 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(3):165-168

Relations between various extracted basic densities and wood chemical components were investigated by their within-tree variations in Eucalyptus globulus for assistance in the prediction of the properties of wood or wood-derived products. Extraneous compounds affect the relations between various basic densities and wood chemical components such as holocellulose and the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio. We also discuss the relation of various densities, the molar composition of neutral sugars constituting hemicellulose, and fiber morphology.  相似文献   

Identification and expression analysis of ghrelin gene in common carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>     

Tomoya Kono  Yoichi Kitao  Kohei Sonoda  Royhei Nomoto  Tohru Mekata  Masahiro Sakai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(3):603-612

ABSTRACT:   A ghrelin gene has been cloned and sequenced in common carp Cyprinus carpio . Ghrelin cDNA is composed of 461 bp [with a 36-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 113-bp 3'-UTR], which translates into a protein of 103 amino acid residues. Carp ghrelin (preproghrelin) contained a predicted signal peptide of 26 amino acid residues, the ghrelin domain ( Gly ²⁷– Val ⁴⁵) and C-terminal peptide ( Gly ⁴⁶– Phe ¹⁰³). Homology analysis of the ghrelin domain of carp with that of other known ghrelin in vertebrates showed good similarity to teleost ghrelin (50–81.8%). Hydropathy analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of ghrelin domains in teleosts showed a similar profile. Carp ghrelin clustered with ghrelin of goldfish Carassius auratus and other teleosts, away from mammalian, reptilian, avian, amphibian and chondrichthian ghrelin, by phylogenetic analysis. Genomic organization of carp ghrelin gene was composed of four exons and three introns, which was the same as that of other teleosts and human ghrelin genes. The carp ghrelin gene was expressed in unstimulated tissues such as foregut, hindgut, spleen and brain. In spleen cells, expression of the ghrelin gene increased upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or imiquimod. The identification of carp ghrelin gene and the analysis of the modulation of its expression in immune-activated conditions will allow a more complete analysis of the roles of ghrelin in teleosts.  相似文献   

Spontaneous Gingivitis Related to Hair Penetration in Rats     

Aya Goto  Jiro Sonoda  Yuki Seki  Yoshikazu Taketa  Etsuko Ohta  Kyoko Nakano  Akira Inomata  Kazuhiro Hayakawa  Toyohiko Aoki  Kazuo Tsukidate  Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(3):229-232

Maxillary gingivae from male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats at 12, 16, 21, and 34 weeks of age were examined histologically. The incidence of gingivitis was approximately 40%, with no age or sex predilection, and was most frequent between the first and second molar. Lesions were characterized by acute focal neutrophilic infiltration into the gingival mucosa, occasionally with inflammatory exudate. In severe cases, inflammation extended to the periodontal ligament with abscess formation, and adjacent alveolar bone destruction/resorption. The most characteristic finding was the presence of hair shafts associated with the lesion, which was observed in approximately 80% of the rats with gingivitis. These findings suggest that molar gingivitis occurs in rats from an early age and persists thereafter, and that the main cause of gingivitis in rats is hair penetration into the gingiva. It would be prudent to keep these background lesions in mind as potential modifiers in toxicity studies.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of cycloalliin, an organosulfur compound found in garlic and onion, in rats     

Ichikawa M  Mizuno I  Yoshida J  Ide N  Ushijima M  Kodera Y  Hayama M  Ono K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):9811-9819

Cycloalliin, an organosulfur compound found in garlic and onion, has been reported to exert several biological activities and also to remain stable during storage and processing. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of cycloalliin in rats after intravenous or oral administration. Cycloalliin and its metabolite, (3R,5S)-5-methyl-1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid, in plasma, urine, feces, and organs was determined by a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. When administered intravenously at 50 mg/kg, cycloalliin was rapidly eliminated from blood and excreted into urine, and its total recovery in urine was 97.8% +/- 1.3% in 48 h. After oral administration, cycloalliin appeared rapidly in plasma, with a tmax of 0.47 +/- 0.03 h at 25 mg/kg and 0.67 +/- 0.14 h at 50 mg/kg. Orally administered cycloalliin was distributed in heart, lung, liver, spleen, and especially kidney. The Cmax and AUC0-inf values of cycloalliin at 50 mg/kg were approximately 5 times those at 25 mg/kg. When administered orally at 50 mg/kg, cycloalliin was excreted into urine (17.6% +/- 4.2%) but not feces. However, the total fecal excretion of (3R,5S)-5-methyl-1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid was 67.3% +/- 5.9% (value corrected for cycloalliin equivalents). In addition, no (3R,5S)-5-methyl-1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid was detected in plasma (<0.1 microg/mL), and negligible amounts (1.0% +/- 0.3%) were excreted into urine. In in vitro experiments, cycloalliin was reduced to (3R,5S)-5-methyl-1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid during anaerobic incubation with cecal contents of rats. These data indicated that the low bioavailability (3.73% and 9.65% at 25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively) of cycloalliin was due mainly to reduction to (3R,5S)-5-methyl-1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid by the intestinal flora and also poor absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. These findings are helpful for understanding the biological effects of cycloalliin.  相似文献   

Extractability of major and trace elements from agricultural soils using chemical extraction methods: Application for phytoavailability assessment     

Akira TAKEDA  Hirofumi TSUKADA  Yuichi TAKAKU  Shun'ichi HISAMATSU  Jiro INABA  Masami NANZYO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(4):406-417

  相似文献   

Winter hardiness in Turkish populations of cocksfoot,Dactylis glomerata L.     

Jiro Abe 《Euphytica》1980,29(3):531-538

Summary Over a six-year period, Turkish populations of cocksfoot were investigated in the field at Sapporo, Japan, as to winter hardiness. After the first winter, only populations from the mild Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean regions were badly damaged. As the differential plant survival among geographical groups widened with the elapsing of years, we were able to rank the groups in descending order of relative hardiness from Eastern Anatolia, through the Black Sea, Central Plateau, Marmara and Aegean regions, to the Mediterranean region. This order was maintained throughout the experimental period.Winter temperatures prevailing in the locality of origin was the most important determinant of winter survival of the populations. The growth pattern in autumn and whether plants continued to grow through the winter or were enforced to winter dormancy, were related to differential survival between maritime and mountainous populations. On the other hand, this simple relationship is complicated by introgression. The subspecies distribution in the coastal region is related to a higher level of survival in the populations from the Black Sea region, where the continental type of cocksfoot occurs, than in the populations from the other maritime regions, where introgression has occurred from Daetylis glomerata subsp. hispanica with poor winter hardiness.Present address: Tropical Agriculture Research Center, Okinawa Branch, Ishigaki 907-01, Japan.  相似文献