Anesthetic management of an off-pump open-heart surgery in a dog     

Eva Rioja DVM  PhD  DVSc    Kim Beaulieu DVM  DVSc  Diplomate ACVA  & David L Holmberg DVM  MVSc Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(4):361-368

ObservationsA 9 year-old, 40 kg, female spayed Bouvier des Flandres was anesthetized for surgical removal of an intra-cardiac mass. Pre-anesthetic work-up included thoracic radiographs, which revealed moderate pleural effusion, and cardiac ultrasound, which identified a mass attached to the wall of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). The mass caused dynamic obstruction of the RVOT during systole. The dog was pre-medicated with intravenous (IV) hydromorphone (0.05 mg kg^?1). Following pre-oxygenation, anesthesia was induced with ketamine (3.75 mg kg^?1, IV) and diazepam (0.18 mg kg^?1, IV). Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen, an intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) of fentanyl (10–30 μg kg^?1 hour^?1) and a CRI of lidocaine (50–200 μg kg^?1 minute^?1). A right lateral thoracotomy was performed. The heart was stopped transiently with a cold cardioplegic solution for 7.83 minutes to allow the removal of the mass through an open-heart procedure. No cardiopulmonary bypass was used. The heart was successfully restarted after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with internal cardiac massage and internal defibrillation. The dog recovered uneventfully from anesthesia without any apparent neurological sequelae. Post-operative analgesia consisted of intercostal nerve blocks with bupivacaine, CRIs of fentanyl (2–5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1) and lidocaine (40 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) and with oral meloxicam (0.1 mg kg^?1). Five days following surgery, the dog was discharged from the hospital. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass identified an ectopic thyroid carcinoma.ConclusionsThis case showed the feasibility of whole body hypothermia and using a cold cardioplegic solution to induce cardiac arrest for a short open-heart procedure.  相似文献   

Evaluation of pacing site in dogs with naturally occurring complete heart block     

Amara H. Estrada  Herbert W. Maisenbacher III  VMD  Robert Prošek  DVM  MS  Jesse Schold  PhD  Melanie Powell  BS  James M. VanGilder  BS 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(2):79-88

Objective

To compare left ventricular synchronization and systolic performance with transvenous pacing of the right ventricular apex (RVA), left ventricular free wall (LVF) or simultaneous pacing of the RVA and LVF (BiV).

Animals, materials and methods

Seven canine patients with complete heart block. Prospective study evaluating effect of pacing site. Twenty four hours following implantation of transvenous BiV pacing systems, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were assessed during pacing from the: (1) Right Atrial Appendage/RVA (RAA/RVA), (2) RAA/LVF, and (3) RAA/BiV.

Results

QRS duration was significantly shorter with BiV pacing versus LVF pacing (p < 0.001), or RVA pacing (p < 0.001). Echocardiographic indices of systolic performance fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO) were significantly higher with BiV pacing than with pacing from the RVA (P = 0.023, 0.006, and 0.002 respectively). Cardiac output, measured by the biplane Simpson's method, was higher with LVF versus RVA pacing (P = 0.036). There was no difference in FS or EF when comparing LVF to RVA pacing. Tissue Doppler measurements of synchronization and systolic performance did not show any difference between pacing mode, but a significantly increased number of segments were seen to contract following aortic valve closure during LVF pacing (P = 0.0268) and RVA pacing (P = 0.0197) as compared to BiV pacing.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that BiV pacing improves cardiac output and systolic performance versus RVA pacing. This improvement however, is not reflected in tissue Doppler indices of synchronization and systolic performance.  相似文献   

Outflow tract segmental arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in an English Bulldog     

Roberto A. Santilli Med Vet  Luigi V. Bontempi Med Vet  Manuela Perego Med Vet  Lara Fornai Med Vet  Cristina Basso MD  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):47-51

A 5-year-old English Bulldog was presented for acute onset of syncope and fatigue caused by sustained ventricular tachycardia with left bundle block morphology and inferior axis. This arrhythmia had the electrocardiographic features of a ventricular tachycardia arising from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), as described in an experimental canine model and in people. Since a RVOT aneurysm was identified by echocardiography, a segmental form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) was suspected. Gross examination of the heart confirmed the bulging of the RVOT and histological examination of the ventricular myocardium revealed segmental involvement of the RVOT with transmural fibro-fatty degeneration. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of AVRC in an English Bulldog and the first example of segmental AVRC described in the dog.  相似文献   

Oculocardiac reflex induced by zygomatic arch fracture in a crossbreed dog     

Masoud Selk Ghaffari DVM  PhD  Mehdi Marjani DVM  PhD  Majid Masoudifard DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):67-69

A 3-year-old crossbreed male dog was presented with a history of blunt facial trauma. Skull radiographs showed right zygomatic arch fracture. An electrocardiogram revealed bradycardia, first-degree atrioventricular block and QT prolongation. Standard biochemical profile including electrolytes was normal. Atropine response test (0.04 mg/kg intravenously) restored normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 140 bpm with normal QT and PR intervals. This observation is consistent with oculocardiac reflex secondary to zygomatic arch fracture.  相似文献   

Quantification of pulmonary to systemic flow ratio by a Doppler echocardiographic method in the normal dog: Repeatability, reproducibility, and reference ranges     

Franois Serres DVM  Valrie Chetboul DVM  PhD  Renaud Tissier DVM  PhD  Vassiliki Gouni DVM  Aude Desmyter DVM  Carolina Carlos Sampedrano DVM  MS  Jean-Louis Pouchelon DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):23-29

Objective

To determine if the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) could be assessed in healthy awake dogs using Doppler echocardiography.

Background

Qp/Qs could provide reliable information in assessing the severity of intracardiac shunts (ICS) by quantifying pulmonary overcirculation. Qp/Qs has been validated against electromagnetic flowmeter methods in experimental canine models. However, its clinical applicability in awake dogs has never been assessed.

Animals, materials and methods

Six healthy dogs were used to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of the technique (Study 1); Qp/Qs was then prospectively assessed in 50 healthy dogs (Study 2). In both studies Qp/Qs was calculated in awake animals using a standardized Doppler echocardiographic method.

Results

Within- and between-day coefficients of variation for Qp/Qs were <10% (Study 1). For Study 2, a relatively wide range of Qp/Qs was found (reference range = 0.71-1.29; mean ± SD = 1.00 ± 0.15).

Conclusions

Qp/Qs can be assessed with good repeatability and reproducibility in healthy dogs. However, the wide range of Qp/Qs obtained in the healthy population may suggest a limited usefulness of this variable for accurately assessing ICS severity in diseased animals. This needs to be assessed in further prospective and longitudinal studies including a large number of animals with ICS of various grades.  相似文献   

Analysis of weight uniformity, content uniformity and 30-day stability in halves and quarters of routinely prescribed cardiovascular medications     

Marco L. Margiocco DMV  MS  Jamie Warren DVM  Michele Borgarelli DMV  PhD  Butch Kukanich DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):31-39

Objectives

Congenital and acquired cardiac disorders are frequently diagnosed in small breed dogs and cats. In order to appropriately dose cardiovascular drugs for small patients, fractions of commercially available tablets must be prescribed. The aims of this study were to evaluate weight and content uniformity and 30-day chemical stability in halves and quarters of 11 drug formulations commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular disorders in small breed dogs and cats.

Animals, materials and methods

Fifteen tablets from 11 drug formulations were obtained within the same lot. Tablets were split by a single operator using a commercially available pill splitter. Whole tablets, halves and quarters were weighed and stored in plastic containers. High-pressure liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry were utilized to determine drug content and repeated 30 days later to estimate chemical stability.

Results

Statistically significant weight variability, content non-uniformity and chemical degradation were found for some formulations. Digoxin showed a significant degradation that should be considered in clinical practice.

Conclusions

It appears that pill splitting is overall a relatively reliable practice; however tablets should not be split ahead of time but only immediately prior to intended usage.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in yaks (Poephagus grunniens) in India and evaluation of protective immunity to S19 vaccine   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Bandyopadhyay S  Sasmal D  Dutta TK  Ghosh MK  Sarkar M  Sasmal NK  Bhattacharya M 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(4):587-592

The present study was carried out to explore the seroprevalence of brucellosis in yaks of North-Eastern hilly yak tracts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Of 374 animals tested, 23.79, 21.11 and 18.98% were found positive for brucellosis using avidin-biotin ELISA (AB-ELISA), Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT) and standard tube-agglutination test (STAT), respectively. The relative sensitivity and specificity for STAT were 79.77 and 100%, respectively and the same for RBPT were 88.76 and 100%, respectively in comparison to AB-ELISA. The alarming prevalence as recorded was highest among the yak cows (31.42%) followed by heifers (23.85%) and bulls (8.88%). The immune response in yaks following standard dose of calfhood vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine showed that protective antibody level persisted up to 210 days. This is the first report from India on prevalence of brucellosis and immunization with B abortus strain 19 vaccine in yaks. The present investigation would be a valuable guideline for future control measure and eradication programme of brucellosis in yaks.  相似文献   

Great Researchers     

Edward L. Squires  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

  相似文献   

Search for Polymorphism in Exon 2 of the Equine Leptin Gene     

N.K. HuffD.L. Thompson Jr.  PhD  K.R. Bondioli  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

The aim of the current research was to investigate the possible occurrence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 2 of the equine leptin gene in obese mares determined to be hyperleptinemic. Three experiments were conducted: one to determine the prevalence of hyperleptinemic horses in the resident herd; another to complete the sequencing of exon 2 and flanking introns of the equine leptin gene, which had been partially sequenced by others; and a third to compare the exon 2 sequences of obese, hyperleptinemic mares with those of obese mares not displaying hyperleptinemia. In experiment 1, jugular blood was collected from 31 mares, and they were categorized by age, body condition score (BCS), and average plasma leptin concentrations. Mean BCS was correlated (P < .001) with leptin concentrations; age was not. Five obese, hyperleptinemic and five obese, nonhyperleptinemic mares were selected to study the possibility of polymorphism in exon 2. First, in experiment 2, forward and reverse primers were designed from the Bos taurus leptin gene (GenBank Accession # U50365) to identify and subsequently clone the equine leptin gene to provide material for sequencing. The multiple copies of genomic DNA were then used for sequencing of exon 2 and the flanking introns. Comparative genomics was used to further identify and characterize regulatory elements in the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the leptin gene. In experiment 3, DNA from the five mares of each type (previously selected in experiment 1) was extracted, and exon 2 was sequenced and analyzed for possible SNP. The sequences of exon 2 for the 10 mares were identical; thus, no polymorphism was present. It was concluded that approximately one third of obese, pasture-maintained mares and geldings in the resident herd display hyperleptinemia relative to other horses of similar body condition, but this condition was not associated with the occurrence of SNP in exon 2 of the leptin gene.  相似文献   

Feline Ilial Fractures: A Prospective Study of Dorsal Plating and Comparison with Lateral Plating     

SORREL J. LANGLEY-HOBBS  MA  BVetMed  DSAS  Diplomate ECVS    RICHARD L. MEESON  BA  VetMB    MICHAEL H. HAMILTON  BVM&S  CertSAS  Diplomate ECVS    HEIDI RADKE  DrMedVet  Diplomate ECVS    KARLA LEE  MA  VetMB  PhD  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):334-342

Objective— To (1) report a technique for repair of feline ilial fractures using a dorsally applied bone plate and (2) compare outcome with cats treated by a lateral plate.
Study Design— Prospective study.
Animals— Cats (n=10) with iliac fractures.
Methods— Cats with ilial fractures (January 2005–December 2006) were treated by application of a dorsally applied bone plate. Immediate postoperative radiographs were compared with those taken 4–6 weeks later to assess screw loosening, screw purchase, and pelvic canal narrowing. Owners were contacted for medium-term (>3 month) follow-up. Data were compared with a report of outcome after lateral plating (LP) in 21 cats.
Results— Mean (± SD) screw purchase (89 ± 11 mm) was significantly greater ( P <.01) with a dorsal plate compared with a lateral plate (33 ± 8 mm). Significantly more screws ( P <.01) were used with a dorsal plate (median, 7) compared with a lateral plate (median, 6). Significantly less postoperative pelvic canal narrowing developed in the dorsal plating group between postoperative and 4–6-week follow-up radiography compared with the LP group (2% versus 15%, P <.01).
Conclusion— Dorsal plating of feline ilial fractures results in significantly less screw loosening and pelvic canal narrowing at 4–6 weeks after surgery compared with LP.
Clinical Relevance— Dorsal plating of feline iliac fractures may reduce complications associated with pelvic canal narrowing such as constipation and megacolon.  相似文献