Pulmonary lymph node charting in normal dogs with blue dye and scintigraphic lymphatic mapping     

Joanne L. Tuohy  Deanna R. Worley 《Research in veterinary science》2014

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Effect of dietary echium oil on growth, fatty acid composition and metabolism, gill prostaglandin production and macrophage activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)     

John Gordon Bell  Fiona Strachan  Joanne E Good  & Douglas R Tocher 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(6):606-617

Echium oil (EO) is a vegetable oil in which percentages of stearidonic acid (STA, 18:4n‐3) often exceed those of its n‐6 series equivalent γ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6). Stearidonic acid is elongated to 20:4n‐3 in fish cell cultures, suggesting that EO could be included in diets for marine fish to increase tissue 20:4n‐3 and 20:3n‐6 and, thereby, modulate eicosanoid metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to test the hypotheses that dietary EO would increase tissue 20:4n‐3 and 20:3n‐6 and modulate immune function and eicosanoid production in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) fed a diet where fish oil (FO) was replaced by EO. Duplicate groups of juvenile cod (initial weight ca. 4 g) were fed for 18 weeks on fish meal‐based diets (55% protein and 16% lipid) that differed in oil source (FO or EO). There were no significant differences in growth and feed efficiency, hepato‐somatic index, percentages of liver and flesh lipids and lipid class compositions for cod fed FO and EO. Percentages of 18:4n‐3, 18:3n‐6 and 20:3n‐6 in the total lipids of flesh and liver were higher, and percentages of 20:5n‐3 and 20:4n‐6 were both lower in fish fed EO than in those given FO. In flesh, the increased 18:3n‐6 and 18:4n‐3 were primarily located in phosphatidylcholine and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas 20:3n‐6 concentration was highest in phosphatidylinositol. Desaturation of 18:3n‐3 (to tetraene products) and 20:5n‐3 to 22:6n‐3 in hepatocytes was very low but was increased by dietary EO. Echium oil significantly decreased the production of prostaglandin F from gill cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, and reduced head kidney macrophage activity, but had no effect on serum lysozyme activity or basic haematology. In conclusion, dietary EO may have beneficial effects on some immune parameters including eicosanoid metabolism in marine fish although this may be primarily because of decreased 20:4n‐6 rather than increasing tissue levels of 20:3n‐6 or 20:4n‐3.  相似文献   

Questions conclusion in report on mycosis in a horse     

Hardy J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(3):339-40; author reply 340

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The genomic sequence of the bovine T cell receptor gamma TRG loci and localization of the TRGC5 cassette     

Conrad ML  Mawer MA  Lefranc MP  McKinnell L  Whitehead J  Davis SK  Pettman R  Koop BF 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,115(3-4):346-356

The bovine and ovine TRG genes have previously been shown to be located in two loci, TRG1 and TRG2, in contrast to human and mouse TRG genes that are located in a single locus. The bovine TRG1 and TRG2 loci are located on chromosome 4 at 4q3.1 and 4q1.5-2.2, respectively. The complete genomic organization of the two bovine loci is described: each locus comprises three cassettes, each one includes one or several variable genes (TRGV) and one or several joining genes (TRGJ) preceding a constant (TRGC) gene. The location of the TRGC5 cassette is conclusively described in 5' of the TRG1 locus. Analysis of 17 TRGV belonging to 10 different subgroups, 8 TRGJ and 6 TRGC genes is conducted which comprises the most comprehensive list to date.  相似文献   

Focal species and landscape “naturalness” corridor models offer complementary approaches for connectivity conservation planning     

Meade Krosby  Ian Breckheimer  D. John Pierce  Peter H. Singleton  Sonia A. Hall  Karl C. Halupka  William L. Gaines  Robert A. Long  Brad H. McRae  Brian L. Cosentino  Joanne P. Schuett-Hames 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(10):2121-2132

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Mutations in dynein link motor neuron degeneration to defects in retrograde transport     

Hafezparast M  Klocke R  Ruhrberg C  Marquardt A  Ahmad-Annuar A  Bowen S  Lalli G  Witherden AS  Hummerich H  Nicholson S  Morgan PJ  Oozageer R  Priestley JV  Averill S  King VR  Ball S  Peters J  Toda T  Yamamoto A  Hiraoka Y  Augustin M  Korthaus D  Wattler S  Wabnitz P  Dickneite C  Lampel S  Boehme F  Peraus G  Popp A  Rudelius M  Schlegel J  Fuchs H  Hrabe de Angelis M  Schiavo G  Shima DT  Russ AP  Stumm G  Martin JE  Fisher EM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5620):808-812

Degenerative disorders of motor neurons include a range of progressive fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although the causative genetic alterations are known for some cases, the molecular basis of many SMA and SBMA-like syndromes and most ALS cases is unknown. Here we show that missense point mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain result in progressive motor neuron degeneration in heterozygous mice, and in homozygotes this is accompanied by the formation of Lewy-like inclusion bodies, thus resembling key features of human pathology. These mutations exclusively perturb neuron-specific functions of dynein.  相似文献   

Initiating and cancer-propagating cells in TEL-AML1-associated childhood leukemia     

Hong D  Gupta R  Ancliff P  Atzberger A  Brown J  Soneji S  Green J  Colman S  Piacibello W  Buckle V  Tsuzuki S  Greaves M  Enver T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5861):336-339

Understanding cancer pathogenesis requires knowledge of not only the specific contributory genetic mutations but also the cellular framework in which they arise and function. Here we explore the clonal evolution of a form of childhood precursor-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by a chromosomal translocation generating a TEL-AML1 fusion gene. We identify a cell compartment in leukemic children that can propagate leukemia when transplanted in mice. By studying a monochorionic twin pair, one preleukemic and one with frank leukemia, we establish the lineal relationship between these "cancer-propagating" cells and the preleukemic cell in which the TEL-AML1 fusion first arises or has functional impact. Analysis of TEL-AML1-transduced cord blood cells suggests that TEL-AML1 functions as a first-hit mutation by endowing this preleukemic cell with altered self-renewal and survival properties.  相似文献   

The bonding electron density in aluminum     

Nakashima PN  Smith AE  Etheridge J  Muddle BC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6024):1583-1586

Aluminum is considered to approach an "ideal" metal or free electron gas. The valence electrons move freely, as if unaffected by the presence of the metal ions. Therefore, the electron redistribution due to chemical bonding is subtle and has proven extremely difficult to determine. Experimental measurements and ab initio calculations have yielded substantially different results. We applied quantitative convergent-beam electron diffraction to aluminum to provide an experimental determination of the bonding electron distribution. Calculation of the electron distribution based on density functional theory is shown to be in close agreement. Our results yield an accurate quantitative correlation between the anisotropic elastic properties of aluminum and the bonding electron and electrostatic potential distributions.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In silico</Emphasis> genomic subtraction guides development of highly accurate,DNA-based diagnostics for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia solanacearum</Emphasis> race 3 biovar 2 and blood disease bacterium     

Ryo Kubota  Mark A. Schell  Gabriel D. Peckham  Joanne Rue  Anne M. Alvarez  Caitilyn Allen  Daniel M. Jenkins 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(3):182-193

New rapid diagnostic methods are urgently needed to discriminate the quarantine pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) race 3 biovar 2 (R3B2) from other populations of Rs that lack the adaptation to cause bacterial wilt disease in temperate regions. We used an in silico bioinformatic approach to identify several genome sequences potentially specific to R3B2 strains. Primer sets were designed to PCR-amplify sequences in these regions, and four sets were ultimately shown to be >99% accurate for detection of R3B2 strains. On the basis of these results, several primers were designed to enable development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay that was rapid, technologically simple, and essentially 100% accurate for identification of R3B2 when applied to a comprehensive collection of geographically diverse Rs strains. We fortuitously found that a sequence in one of the “R3B2-specific” regions has ~90% identity to a sequence present in strains of the blood disease bacterium (BDB), a member of the Rs species complex that infects banana. Alignments of these sequences allowed design of a second PCR primer set that proved 100% accurate for identification of BDB strains when tested on the 22 BDB strains available to us. These results demonstrate the power of in silico genomic subtraction for rapid identification of population-specific DNA sequences and for the development of simple, reliable detection methods for Rs subpopulations.  相似文献   

Screening of foods containing proanthocyanidins and their structural characterization using LC-MS/MS and thiolytic degradation     

Gu L  Kelm MA  Hammerstone JF  Beecher G  Holden J  Haytowitz D  Prior RL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(25):7513-7521

A normal-phase HPLC-MS/MS method was applied to screen for proanthocyanidins in 88 different kinds of foods. Thirty-nine foods were found to contain proanthocyanidins. These foods include 19 kinds of fruits, eight cereals/beans, seven nuts, two beverages, two spices, and one vegetable. Twenty-five kinds of foods were found to contain both oligomeric (DP 10), and the other 14 foods contained only oligomers. Procyanidins with B-type linkages were detected as the only components in 21 foods and also as principal components in the others. Propelargonidins were identified in pinto bean, raspberry, strawberry, and almond, etc. Plum, avocado, peanut, curry, and cinnamon were identified as potential sources of A-type proanthocyanidins in addition to cranberry. Thiolytic degradation and MS/MS analyses indicated that the A-type linkages are present as a terminal unit in plum or between the extension units in curry, cinnamon, and avocado, whereas A-type linkages exist at both positions in cranberry and peanut.  相似文献