Reinfection of potato seed stocks with potato virus S and potato virus X in Wisconsin     

Y. Hahm  S. A. Slack  R. J. Slattery 《American Journal of Potato Research》1981,58(2):117-125

Reinfection of potato seed stocks with the potato viruses S (PVS) and X (PVX) varied with cultivar, virus, and grower. Rapid recontamination was observed for the cultivars Norgold Russet and Ontario with PVS and for the cultivars LaChipper, Norchip, and Norgold Russet with PVX. Recontamination was low for the cultivars LaChipper and Monona with PVS and for the cultivars Kennebec, Monona, Norland, and Superior with PVX. Survey results suggest that PVS and/or PVX can be eliminated from cultivars which appear to possess field resistance to infection, but that further evaluation of cultivars which are very susceptible to reinfection will be necessary.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates from Trinidad     

Wright A  Rampersad J  Ryan J  Ammons D 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,87(2):95-102

Bovine rabies continues to be a serious problem facing the cattle industry in South and Central America. Although Trinidad played an important role in originally demonstrating the link between bats and bovine rabies, relatively little is known about rabies in Trinidad, an island 7miles off the coast of Venezuela. In order to obtain a more complete understanding of bovine rabies in the region, we report herein on a study undertaken in Trinidad to characterize isolates of rabies virus obtained from infected cattle. A portion of the nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene from six rabies virus isolates collected from bovine rabies from the years 1997, 1998 and 2000 was determined and compared both to themselves and the nucleotide sequence of other South American isolates. Results indicate that there are at least two independently evolving variants of rabies virus in Trinidad. The nucleotide sequence of either variant failed to match completely the sequence of South American isolates. However, the lack of South American isolates from coastal regions facing Trinidad leaves undetermined the question of South American influence on rabies in Trinidad. The results of this study helps complete the picture of bovine rabies in the South American region and provide basic information required locally for the creation of an effective rabies control and eradication strategy.  相似文献   

Detection of a novel hemoplasma based on 16S rRNA gene DNA in captive and free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris)     

Rafael F.C. Vieira  Marcelo B. Molento  Leonilda C. dos Santos  Wanderlei Moraes  Zalmir S. Cubas  Andrea P. Santos  Ana M.S. Guimaraes  Ahmed Mohamed  Ivan R. Barros Filho  Alexander W. Biondo  Joanne B. Messick 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,139(3-4):410-413

Two different species of hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma coccoides and M. haemomuris, are known to infect small rodents such as mice and rats. However, there are no previous reports of hemoplasma infection in capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris). The aim of our study was to determine whether these hemoplasmas might infect capybaras from Southern Brazil. Blood samples from 31 animals: 10 captive and 21 free-ranging capybaras were collected and packed cell volume and total plasma protein were measured. DNA was extracted and PCR assays for M. coccoides and M. haemomuris were performed. Using the M. coccoides-PCR assay 64% of the capybaras were positive, 80% free-ranging and 30% from captive animals. The prevalence of infection between the groups was significantly different (p = 0.001). Sequencing of the nearly entire 16S rRNA gene from the positive samples suggested a novel hemoplasma isolate with identity of 92% with M. coccoides and 86% with M. haemomuris. All capybara samples were negative for M. haemomuris infection. DNA of a housekeeping gene was successfully amplified from all samples. This is the first evidence of a hemoplasma infection in capybaras.  相似文献   

Medical surveillance of search dogs deployed to the World Trade Center and Pentagon: 2001-2006     

Cynthia M. Otto  Amanda B. Downend  George E. Moore  Joanne K. Daggy  D. Lauren Ranivand  Jennifer A. Reetz  Scott D. Fitzgerald 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(6):241-242

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Relationship of glycaemic index with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for people aged 65 and older     

Milton JE  Briche B  Brown IJ  Hickson M  Robertson CE  Frost GS 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(11):1321-1335

OBJECTIVE: To identify associations between dietary glycaemic index (GI) and weight, body mass index and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) - waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipoprotein fractions, triacylglycerols (TAG) and blood pressure (BP) - in an older British population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional dietary, anthropometric and biochemical data from the National Diet and Nutritional Survey for adults aged over 65 years were reanalysed using a hierarchical regression model. Associations between body weight, CVD risk factors, and dietary factors including GI and fibre intakes were explored among 1152 healthy older people living in the UK between 1994 and 1995. RESULTS: In the unadjusted model, GI was significantly and directly associated with TAG (beta = 0.008 +/- 0.003) and diastolic BP (beta = 0.325 +/- 0.164) in males. These relationships were attenuated and non-significant after adjustment for potential confounding factors. WHR (beta = 0.003 +/- 0.001) and TAG (beta = 0.005 +/- 0.002) were significantly predicted by GI in males and females combined. The association with WHR was attenuated by adjustment for sex, age, region and social class; the relationship with TAG was non-significant after adjustment for other potential dietary confounders. CONCLUSION: After controlling for potential confounders, no clear links were detected between GI and body weight or other CVD risk factors. This study provides little evidence for advising the consumption of a low-GI diet in the elderly to prevent weight gain or improve other CVD risk factors.  相似文献   

Folic Acid Content of Ready‐to‐Eat Cereals Determined by Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry: Comparison to Product Label and to Values Determined by Microbiological Assay     

Katherine M. Phillips  David M. Ruggio  Mehdi Ashraf‐Khorassani  Ronald R. Eitenmiller  Sungeun Cho  Linda E. Lemar  Charles R. Perry  Pamela R. Pehrsson  Joanne M. Holden 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(1):42-49

Twelve popular ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereals fortified with folic acid were sampled in the United States in 2006, and the data have been incorporated into the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Cereals were collected from three statistically selected retail outlets in each of four primary census regions, and four composites of each product were prepared using random groupings of three locations each. Folic acid was determined using a validated LC‐MS method, with ¹³C‐folic acid as an internal standard, after trienzyme treatment and solid phase extraction. A cereal reference material (AACC VMA399) was analyzed as a control. Selected samples were also assayed using the standard microbiological method, with and without trienzyme extraction, to generate an estimate of endogenous folate. On average, as shown on the label, folate content was underestimated. In seven cereals, folate was within 5% of the declared value; in four cereals, it was 5–20% higher; and in two cereals, it was >20% greater, representing –75 to +69 μg/serving (mean 17) of the label value, equivalent to –19% to +17% of the 400 μg/daily value. The microbiologically determined folic acid was higher than LC‐MS by 10–67% (mean 40%). Therefore, use of label values might underestimate folate intake from some breakfast cereals.  相似文献   

Risk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in the UK and proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode     

Fernando Malalana  Joanne L. Ireland  Gina L. Pinchbeck  Catherine M. McGowan 《Equine veterinary journal》2023,55(1):42-47

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