Effects of long-term administration of enalapril on clinical indicators of renal function in dogs with compensated mitral regurgitation     

Atkins CE  Brown WA  Coats JR  Crawford MA  DeFrancesco TC  Edwards J  Fox PR  Keene BW  Lehmkuhl L  Luethy M  Meurs K  Petrie JP  Pipers F  Rosenthal S  Sidley JA  Straus J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(5):654-658

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of long-term administration of enalapril on renal function in dogs with severe, compensated mitral regurgitation. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 139 dogs with mitral regurgitation but without overt signs of heart failure. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to be treated with enalapril (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) or placebo, and serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were measured at regular intervals for up to 26 months. RESULTS: Adequate information on renal function was obtained from 132 dogs; follow-up time ranged from 0.5 to 26 months (median, 12 months). Mean serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were not significantly different between dogs receiving enalapril and dogs receiving the placebo at any time, nor were concentrations significantly different from baseline concentrations. Proportions of dogs that developed azotemia or that had a +/- 35% increase in serum creatinine or urea nitrogen concentration were also not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: And Clinical Relevance: Results suggest that administration of enalapril for up to 2 years did not have any demonstrable adverse effects on renal function in dogs with severe, compensated mitral regurgitation.  相似文献   

Perirectal abscess, colic, and dyschezia in a horse          下载免费PDF全文

Torkelson J 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(2):127-128

A quarter horse gelding with intermittent colic was diagnosed with a perirectal abscess and dyschezia. Rectal ultrasonography identified a multiloculated, fluid-filled mass. A perirectal abscess was diagnosed when the mass ruptured and drained into the rectum. The abscess was treated successfully with warm soapy water enemas and trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.  相似文献   

Insecticidal activity of N-arylalkylbenzhydrolpiperidines     

Wierenga JM  Warkentin DL  Staetz CA  Pitts DL  Dybas JA 《Pest management science》2002,58(12):1266-1272

Benzhydrolpiperidine (BZP) insecticides represent a novel class of chemistry. Their specificity and efficacy as well as their low mammalian toxicity give them excellent potential for commercialization. Several N-arylalkylbenzhydrolpiperidines were tested for activity against a variety of insects in the laboratory and greenhouse. These tests were used to select compounds for field trials and determine rates of application for field tests. The BZP compounds have good activity against Lepidoptera, with modest Coleoptera activity. They are toxic by oral administration and have about 100-fold lower activity by topical exposure. A methyl carbamate BZP, F4265, was the most active compound, with LC50 values of 6 mg litre(-1) or less for most Lepidopteran species tested. F4265 was active in a variety of field trials at 112-224gAI ha(-1). Whole-plant testing methods conducted in the greenhouse were effective in determining field test rates.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal patterns of exotic shrub invasion in an Australian tropical grassland   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Brown  Joel R.  Carter  Jennifer 《Landscape Ecology》1998,13(2):93-102

We used aerial photography from 1960, 1974 and 1994 to quantify meso-scale spatial and temporal invasion patterns of an exotic, leguminous shrub, Acacia nilotica, in a northern Australia grassland. The invasion was episodic, the population remained relatively stable from 1960 to 1974, then exhibited a large increase from 1974 to 1994. This episodic increase did not appear to be regulated by climate or changes in landscape attributes, but rather, paralleled a shift to cattle (a more effective dispersal vector) as the dominant domestic livestock species, implicating more effective dispersal as the proximate cause. We also measured much greater A. nilotica densities adjacent to water courses than in upland areas, suggesting either better quality habitat or greater numbers of seeds deposited there by cattle. We infer that habitat quality rather than seed availability regulates shrub density as density remained constant from 1974 to 1994 in areas that were occupied in the 1960 to 1974 period. There was a significant effect of landscape position on population dynamics of the invasion. A. nilotica increased in both extent and density in riparian areas but remained static in upland areas during 1960–1974. There were significant increases in extent and density in both riparian and upland areas in 1974–1994. Thus, it is likely that landscapes with fewer or smaller riparian areas would be less susceptable to the invasion of A. nilotica. However, the ability of domestic stock to transport seeds across distances that exceed the distance between riparian areas renders this argument less relevant.The transition from open grassland to shrubland may be irreversible in a practical sense, so control programs should emphasize containment of the invasion to existing levels as well as restoration of invaded areas. This will require strategies, tactics and operations to 1) control cattle movement, 2) exclude cattle from seed producing A. nilotica populations, 3) detect new populations early in the life cycle and implement broadscale, low-cost control techniques and 4) prioritize eradication efforts on populations that act as a seed source to uninfested areas.  相似文献   

Prolactin stimulates the internalization of Staphylococcus aureus and modulates the expression of inflammatory response genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells     

Gutiérrez-Barroso A  Anaya-López JL  Lara-Zárate L  Loeza-Lara PD  López-Meza JE  Ochoa-Zarzosa A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,121(1-2):113-122

The incidence of mastitis in dairy cattle is highest at the drying off period and parturition, which are characterized by high levels of the lactogenic hormone prolactin (PRL). One of the most frequently isolated contagious pathogens causing mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus. However, the role of PRL on S. aureus infection in mammary epithelium has not been studied. In this work we evaluated the effect of bovine PRL (bPRL) on S. aureus internalization in a primary culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) and on the expression of cytokine and innate immune response genes. Our data show that 5ng/mL bPRL enhances approximately 3-fold the internalization of S. aureus (ATCC 27543) into bMEC. By RT-PCR analysis, we showed that bPRL is able to up-regulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs. However, bPRL together with S. aureus did not modify the expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS mRNAs, while it down-regulated the expression of beta-defensin and IL-1beta mRNAs, as well as nitric oxide production, suggesting that infection and bPRL together can inhibit elements of the host immune response. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows a role of bPRL during the internalization of S. aureus into bMEC.  相似文献   

Evaluating insecticide coverage in almond and pistachio for control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)     

Joel P Siegel  Mathew M Strmiska  Franz JA Niederholzer  D Ken Giles  Spenser S Walse 《Pest management science》2019,75(5):1435-1442

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Trace Metal Levels and Partitioning in Wisconsin Rivers     

Shafer  Martin M.  Overdier  Joel T.  Phillips  Hugh  Webb  David  Sullivan  John R.  Armstrong  David E. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,110(3-4):273-311

Trace metal clean-techniques were applied in the determination of the levels and particle partitioning of Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn in 14 rivers in Wisconsin. Nine headwater and five receiving water sites, representing both major river systems and diverse physiographic regions were sampled in the fall of 1991 and 1992, and spring of 1993. Mean filterable concentrations (range) of Cd 9.5 (4.6–26), Cu 620 (110–1800), Pb 76 (20–200), and Zn 460 (160–930) ng L-1 are comparable with recent data from oceanic, Great Lakes, and other river systems determined by researchers using modern ‘clean’ methods. Metal partition coefficients at each site generally followed the trend (pooled mean log Kd): Pb (5.84) > Zn (5.54) > Cd (4.92) > Cu (4.94). Order-of-magnitude differences in Kds were observed between sites, however, a large fraction of this variance could be explained by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels and degree of anthropogenic perturbation. Watershed yields of Cd, Pb, and Zn, under baseflow conditions were a very small fraction, typically 1–2%, of atmospheric loading. Copper yields represented a much higher fraction, particularly during spring high flow conditions. Filterable levels and yields of Al, Pb, and Zn are significantly higher in non-calcareous systems than in calcareous ones, which correlates with the higher levels of DOC in non-calcareous, forested systems.  相似文献   

保育仔猪饲养管理比日粮配方更加重要   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Steve Dritz  Mike Tokach  Joel DeRouchey  Bob Goodband  Jim Nelssen  冯占雨 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2007,27(1):19-22

对早期断奶仔猪而言,一套成功的饲养管理制度必须要克服几方面的问题,而其中的许多问题是相互关联的。因此,一旦这些问题中的某一个出现了显著的不足,虽然仍能制订出可以接受的饲养管理方案,但将使仔猪的生产性能低于期望值。我们研究了许多种生产方式,并与各种各样的人打交道,  相似文献   

市场上母猪饲料添加剂的价值所在     

Joel  DeRouchey  张述兴 《饲料广角》2007,(7):18-22

对于饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮的哺乳仔猪以及生长肥育猪而言,母猪饲料还必须添加一些特定的添加剂以及原料才能满足其需求,例如我们常见的生物素、胆碱、叶酸。还有泌乳母猪通过添加  相似文献   

Structure-activity correlations of the insecticide Prolan and its analogs     

An-Horng Lee  Robert L. Metcalf  John W. Williams  Asha S. Hirwe  James R. Sanborn  Joel R. Coats  T.R. Fukuto 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(5):426-436

Structure-activity correlations for 45 insecticidal diaryl nitropropanes (Prolan analogs) were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Molecular bulk constants including van der Waal's radii, molar attraction constants, parachor, steric constants such as Taft's E₈ and Verloop's dimensional steric constants, hydrophobic constants such as II, and electronic parameters such as σ, F, and R were evaluated. It was concluded that the diaryl nitropropanes like the diaryl trichloroethanes fit into a receptor site which has an optimum volume for maximum interaction. The interaction between the insecticide and the receptor shows high correlation with steric constants for the aryl substituents and with intermolecular attractive forces. Highly asymmetrical compounds such as 1-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-(p-hexoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane were surprisingly effective insecticides.  相似文献