Studies of dietary fat and heart disease     

Ravnskov U  Allen C  Atrens D  Enig MG  Groves B  Kauffman JM  Kroneld R  Rosch PJ  Rosenman R  Werkö L  Nielsen JV  Wilske J  Worm N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5559):1464-1466

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Global identification of human transcribed sequences with genome tiling arrays   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bertone P  Stolc V  Royce TE  Rozowsky JS  Urban AE  Zhu X  Rinn JL  Tongprasit W  Samanta M  Weissman S  Gerstein M  Snyder M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5705):2242-2246

Elucidating the transcribed regions of the genome constitutes a fundamental aspect of human biology, yet this remains an outstanding problem. To comprehensively identify coding sequences, we constructed a series of high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays representing sense and antisense strands of the entire nonrepetitive sequence of the human genome. Transcribed sequences were located across the genome via hybridization to complementary DNA samples, reverse-transcribed from polyadenylated RNA obtained from human liver tissue. In addition to identifying many known and predicted genes, we found 10,595 transcribed sequences not detected by other methods. A large fraction of these are located in intergenic regions distal from previously annotated genes and exhibit significant homology to other mammalian proteins.  相似文献   

Setting priorities for genomic research     

Berrettini W  Bierut L  Crowley TJ  Cubells JF  Frascella J  Gelernter J  Hewitt JK  Kreek MJ  Lachman H  Leppert M  Li MD  Madden P  Miner C  Pollock JD  Pomerleau O  Rice JP  Rutter JL  Shurtleff D  Swan GE  Tischfield JA  Tsuang M  Uhl GR  Vanyukov M  Volkow ND  Wanke K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1445-7; author reply 1445-7

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Activation of central melanocortin pathways by fenfluramine     

Heisler LK  Cowley MA  Tecott LH  Fan W  Low MJ  Smart JL  Rubinstein M  Tatro JB  Marcus JN  Holstege H  Lee CE  Cone RD  Elmquist JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5581):609-611

D-fenfluramine (d-FEN) was once widely prescribed and was among the most effective weight loss drugs, but was withdrawn from clinical use because of reports of cardiac complications in a subset of patients. Discerning the neurobiology underlying the anorexic action of d-FEN may facilitate the development of new drugs to prevent and treat obesity. Through a combination of functional neuroanatomy, feeding, and electrophysiology studies in rodents, we show that d-FEN-induced anorexia requires activation of central nervous system melanocortin pathways. These results provide a mechanistic explanation of d-FEN's anorexic actions and indicate that drugs targeting these downstream melanocortin pathways may prove to be effective and more selective anti-obesity treatments.  相似文献   

African pastoralism: genetic imprints of origins and migrations     

Hanotte O  Bradley DG  Ochieng JW  Verjee Y  Hill EW  Rege JE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5566):336-339

The genetic history of African cattle pastoralism is controversial and poorly understood. We reveal the genetic signatures of its origins, secondary movements, and differentiation through the study of 15 microsatellite loci in 50 indigenous cattle breeds spanning the present cattle distribution in Africa. The earliest cattle originated within the African continent, but Near East and European genetic influences are also identified. The initial expansion of African Bos taurus was likely from a single region of origin. It reached the southern part of the continent by following an eastern route rather than a western one. The B. indicus genetic influence shows a major entry point through the Horn and the East Coast of Africa and two modes of introgression into the continent.  相似文献   

Comment on "A persistent oxygen anomaly reveals the fate of spilled methane in the deep Gulf of Mexico"     

Joye SB  Leifer I  MacDonald IR  Chanton JP  Meile CD  Teske AP  Kostka JE  Chistoserdova L  Coffin R  Hollander D  Kastner M  Montoya JP  Rehder G  Solomon E  Treude T  Villareal TA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6033):1033; author reply 1033

Kessler et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 312) reported that methane released from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout, approximately 40% of the total hydrocarbon discharge, was consumed quantitatively by methanotrophic bacteria in Gulf of Mexico deep waters over a 4-month period. We find the evidence explicitly linking observed oxygen anomalies to methane consumption ambiguous and extension of these observations to hydrate-derived methane climate forcing premature.  相似文献   

Dietary supplementation with autochthonous Bacillus cereus improves growth performance and survival in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum          下载免费PDF全文

Joel A R Dias  Higo A Abe  Natalino C Sousa  Márcia V S Couto  Carlos A M Cordeiro  Juliana O Meneses  Fernanda S Cunha  Jose Luiz P Mouriño  Mauricio L Martins  Luís A L Barbas  Paulo C F Carneiro  Alexandre N Maria  Rodrigo Y Fujimoto 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3063-3070

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the autochthonous probiotic bacteria Bacillus cereus on growth performance, haematological parameters and survival of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Tambaqui fingerlings (0.94 ± 0.02 g) were fed for 120 days the following diets: basal (without probiotic) and three supplemented diets (4.2 × 10⁴, 3.9 × 10⁶ and 3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/g). Growth performance and haematological parameters were evaluated every 30 days. Thereafter, fish were challenged against Aeromonas hydrophila and survival was evaluated. Probiotic B. cereus improved weight and length gains (p < 0.05), and increased neutrophils and thrombocyte counts (p < 0.05) in tambaqui supplemented with 3.9 × 10⁶ CFU/g diet. Challenged fish fed unsupplemented diet presented the lowest survival rate (33.4%) while fish fed diets supplemented at 4.2 × 10⁴, 3.9 × 10⁶ and 3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/g B. cereus had 88.8%, 80.5% and 80.5% relative per cent survival respectively. These results demonstrated that B. cereus supplemented as probiotics to C. macropomum for 120 days improved physiological and haematological responses, leading to enhanced survival in this fish species.  相似文献   

Total laparoscopic gastropexy using 1 simple continuous barbed suture line in 63 dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Joel D. Takacs  Ameet Singh  J. Brad Case  Philipp D. Mayhew  Michelle A. Giuffrida  Ana V. Caceres  W. Alexander Fox‐Alvarez  Jeffrey J. Runge 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(2):233-241

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Performance of diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas syringae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">actinidiae</Emphasis> (Psa) from woody samples     

Stefania Loreti  Amandine Cunty  Nicoletta Pucci  Aude Chabirand  Emilio Stefani  Adela Abelleira  Giorgio M. Balestra  Deirdre A. Cornish  Francesca Gaffuri  Davide Giovanardi  Richard A. Gottsberger  Maria Holeva  Aynur Karahan  Charikleia D. Karafla  Angelo Mazzaglia  Robert Taylor  Leonor Cruz  Maria M. Lopez  Joel L. Vanneste  Françoise Poliakoff 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(3):657-676

The aim of this study was to characterise the performance of new molecular methods for the detection and identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) and to provide validation data in comparison to the assays mentioned in official diagnostic protocols and being currently used. Eleven molecular tests for the Psa detection were compared in an inter-laboratory comparison where each laboratory had to analyse the same panel of samples consisting of thirteen Psa-spiked kiwifruit wood extracts. Laboratories had to perform also isolation from the wood extracts. Data from this interlaboratory test performance study (TPS) was statistically analysed to assess the performance of each method. In order to provide complete validation data, both for detection and identification, this TPS was supplemented by a further study of identification from pure culture of phylogenetically closely related Pseudomonas spp., Psa, and bacterial strains associated with kiwifruit. The results of both these studies showed that simplex-PCRs gave good results, whereas duplex-PCR and real-time PCR were the most reliable tools for detection and identification of Psa. Nested and multiplex-PCR gave false-positive results. The use of the most reliable detection test is suggested for routine analyses, but when Psa-free status needs to be accurately assessed, it is recommended that at least two detection tests are used. This work provides a wide comparison of the available diagnostic methods, giving new information for a possible revision of the official diagnostic protocols (e.g. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) protocol PM7/120 for the detection of Psa).  相似文献   

Use of Food Label Information by Trinidad Consumers and Implications for National Health     

Wayne Ganpat  Gopalan Kathiravan  Joel Dalrymple 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2018,19(2):121-128

Nutritional information on food labels helps consumers make informed decisions about what they chose to consume. This study, conducted among 320 consumers in Trinidad, West Indies, examined consumers' use of various informational components of the label and the influence of health-related factors on use of such information. The study found that, although there was a fairly high reading of food label information, fats and sodium information were not given the required attention. Six variables—(a) diabetes; (b) allergies; (c) gender; (d) level of schooling; (e) fast food consumption; and (f) fiber consumption—significantly impacted the use of food label information.  相似文献