Organic chlorine and chloride in submerged paddy soil: a case study in Anhui province, southeast China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Johansson  Zhang Björn Xin  Hu Zhengyi  P. Sandén  G. Öberg 《Soil Use and Management》2004,20(2):144-149

Abstract. Efforts to understand the fate of organochlorine compounds in arable soil have concentrated on anthropogenic compounds, in spite of the fact that organochlorine compounds are both produced and mineralized in soil through natural processes. In order to understand the fate of chlorinated pesticides, it is necessary to take account of the natural chlorine cycle. The present study is a first attempt to illuminate the relationship between the natural chlorine cycle and agricultural practices. The concentration and storage of organic chlorine (Cl_org) and chloride (Cl_inorg) were determined in topsoil of a paddy field compared to an adjacent afforested hill at a sampling site in the Meicun area, Anhui Province, China. The concentration of Cl_org, as well as the chlorine-to-carbon ratio, was significantly lower in the paddy field samples than in the forest soil samples. A weak relationship between the concentration of Cl_org and the organic carbon content was observed in the paddy field, in contrast to the observations made in the adjacent forest soil as well as those made in previous studies, which have suggested a positive correlation between organic carbon content and Cl_org. The similarity between our results at the forest site and the previous studies, which have been carried out in temperate regions, suggests that it is the land use rather than the climate that makes the current paddy soil results different. Our results suggest that the contribution of Cl_org to the paddy soil from above-ground litter and from production within the soil are small or negligible compared with the contribution from pesticide application and wet and dry deposition.  相似文献   

The effect of sample storage on the extraction of Cu,Zn, Fe,Mn and organic material from oxidized estuarine sediments     

Elizabeth A. Thomson  Samuel N. Luoma  Daniel J. Cain  Christopher Johansson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1980,14(1):215-233

Concentrations of extractable Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in oxidized estuarine sediment are influenced by the manner and time of storage between collection and extraction. No storage method tested completely preserves the initial chemical and physical characteristics of the sediment. Freezing or (for some extractions) drying are adequate methods of storage if sediments are to be extracted only with acids. However, if a variety of extractants is to be used, extractions should be conducted as soon as practical after collection.  相似文献   

甘薯抗疮痂病多胺与吲哚乙酸代谢的研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

艾育芳  潘廷国  柯玉琴  阮妙鸿  余文英 《中国生态农业学报》2005,13(1):66-68

研究不同抗性甘薯品种受疮痂病菌侵染前后多胺和吲哚乙酸代谢变化结果表明 ,感染疮痂病菌后抗病与感病品种甘薯叶片中吲哚乙酸含量和多胺氧化酶活性降低 ,多胺总量及腐胺含量增加 ,腐胺 / (精胺 亚精胺 )比值升高 ,感病品种变化幅度高于抗病品种。疮痂病菌侵入后感病品种甘薯叶片中绿原酸含量下降 ,吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性升高 ,而抗病品种则相反。  相似文献   

森林资源二类调查中MapInfo应用技巧探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘建国  柯善新 《中南林业调查规划》2011,30(3):45-49

MapInfo是一款著名的地理信息管理桌面系统,具有小巧灵活、使用简单、功能强大、价格适中的特点,非常适合森林资源二类调查中使用;通过合理定制工作流程、快捷键定义、快速配准、建立小班图层、MapBasic编程等技巧的应用,更能得心应手、简捷有效地处理小班信息。  相似文献   

北京市医疗系统污染源对市政污水中汞的贡献研究     

兰儒  林海  柯真山  菅小东  李建波 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(6):120-122

根据抽样定律确定高碑店污水处理厂流域113家医疗机构中的北京医院等28家医院作为采样点,测定采样点排水中Hg浓度,计算Hg的总排放量,并分析了Hg排放量与医院床位数和门诊量的关系。结果表明,高碑店流域医疗机构Hg排放浓度较高,医院排水中Hg浓度(Y)与医院床位数(X1)和门诊量(X2)的关系式为:Y=3.11X1 0.098X2 166.94。流域内Hg排放总量为99.6g/d,根据高碑店污水处理厂的进水Hg浓度及日进水量计算出进水的总Hg量为828.0g/d,故高碑店流域内医疗系统对于高碑店污水处理厂进水Hg的贡献率为12.02%,说明流域内医疗系统对于高碑店污水处理厂进水Hg的贡献并不占主要地位。  相似文献   

Impacts from Deposition on Swedish Forest Ecosystems Identified by Integrated Monitoring     

Lars Lundin  Mats Aastrup  Lage Bringmark  Sven Bråkenhielm  Hans Hultberg  Kjell Johansson  Karin Kindbom  Hans Kvarnäs  Stefan Löfgren 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1031-1036

Integrated monitoring of ecosystems (IM) is an international co-operative programme (ICP) to control effects of air pollution and climate change on water, soil and biological systems. It is a part of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission of Europe (UN/ECE). The ICP-IM is undertaken on sites/catchments to investigate acidification, eutrophication and heavy metals with an integrated approach. In Sweden, long-term time series from forest ecosystems, with a long and stable continuity, will reveal trends and changes in processes and enable modelling to be undertaken. Investigations of acidity/alkalinity in relation to mineral and organic acids indicated the importance of atmospheric deposition. Recent results show very high inorganic nitrogen retention (99%), a net loss of sulphur originating mainly from organic horizons, and a high inorganic aluminium content in the illuvial soil horizons which could be detrimental to forests. Forest deficiency could also be caused by an observed ongoing translocation of Zn to deeper soil layers implying a movement towards increased release to surface waters.  相似文献   

Breast-feeding at 12 months of age and dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants     

Lande B  Andersen LF  Veierød MB  Baerug A  Johansson L  Trygg KU  Bjørneboe GE 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(4):495-503

OBJECTIVE: To analyse factors associated with breast-feeding and use of sweetened drinks at 12 months, and to compare dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants. DESIGN: Data were collected by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire filled in by the parents. SETTING: National dietary survey in Norway. SUBJECTS: In total, 1932 12-month-old infants were included. RESULTS: At 12 months, 36% of the infants were breast-fed. The odds of breast-feeding at this age were more than doubled both for mothers > or =35 years compared with mothers <25 years and for mothers in the highest educational group compared with mothers in the lowest. A negative association was found for maternal smoking, and the odds of breast-feeding were 40% lower for mothers who smoked than for non-smokers. Some dietary differences were observed between breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants apart from intake of milk. In particular, breast-fed infants had a significantly lower daily intake of sweetened drinks than non-breast-fed infants and a 16% lower mean daily intake of added sugars (P<0.001). Furthermore, breast-fed infants had 30% higher odds of not receiving sweetened drinks daily, compared with non-breast-fed infants. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal age, education and smoking status were important factors for breast-feeding at 12 months. Breast-fed infants had lower intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars than non-breast-fed infants. From a public health perspective, continued promotion of breast-feeding is needed to reduce inequalities in breast-feeding. Moreover, prevention of high intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars should start in infancy.  相似文献   

多效唑处理对蔓性千斤拔种子产量及质量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施力军  马小军  冯世鑫  柯芳  骆少波  罗荣胜 《种子》2011,30(12)

目的:研究多效唑处理对蔓性千斤拔种子产量及质量的影响.方法:采用单因素随机区组试验,以多效唑喷施为因素,研究其对种子产量及质量的影响.结果:蔓性千斤拔种子产量排序为T2＞T3＞T1 ＞ck,分别较ck增加107.82％、78.52％、72.07％;而且经处理,其种子内在质量及幼苗潜在抗逆能力均高于ck.结论:适宜的多效唑处理浓度可提高蔓性千斤拔种子产量及种子质量.  相似文献   

污泥农用对药用植物紫花茉莉品质和土壤环境的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

黄庆  林小明  柯玉诗  崔学教  王峻  杨少海  姚建武  邹献中 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(1):193-196

利用广州市大坦沙污水处理厂的脱水污泥进行堆肥,将污泥堆肥用于药用植物紫花茉莉栽培,研究污泥的农用对药用植物生长、药用品质以及土壤养分和主要重金属等土壤环境的影响。结果表明,污泥堆肥不同用量处理与对照相比,紫花茉莉的株高增加了6.7%～20%,茎围增加了16%～36%,块根干物量增加了9.6%～28%,茎叶干物量增加了19%～37%。污泥的农用使紫花茉莉植株增加了Zn、Ca的累积,显著地提高了紫花茉莉块根的药用功能,不同处理土壤Zn含量比对照增加了14%～86%。土壤Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni含量却没有明显变化。  相似文献   

青蛤人工育苗中附着基的选择     

陈坚  杨星星  柯爱英  黄宝忠 《上海水产大学学报》2006,15(1):114-117

试验在黄砂、海泥和不投附着基三种状态下,观察了青蛤幼虫在变态时期的附着量和成活率的变化,以及附着后稚贝的生长与成活情况。结果表明:海泥是青蛤工厂化育苗最适宜的附着基,然后在此基础上进行了不同厚度海泥对不同大小稚贝生长的影响试验。试验结果显示:不同厚度的海泥对稚贝生长的影响不明显。我们认为在生产中应选用1mm厚度的海泥做为青蛤育苗的附着基是最适宜的。  相似文献