Identification and characterization of complete RTX operons in Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella ovis     

Angelos JA  Ball LM  Hess JF 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,125(1-2):73-79

To determine if Moraxella bovoculi (M. bovoculi), a recently characterized coccoid Moraxella that was isolated from the eyes of calves affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), and Moraxella ovis (M. ovis), originally isolated from sheep with conjunctivitis, possessed genes encoding RTX proteins, genomic DNA was amplified with oligonucleotide primers targeting RTX operon genes of Moraxella bovis (M. bovis). Complete classical RTX operons composed of RTXCABD genes closely linked to a putative secretion accessory protein encoding gene (tolC) were identified in M. bovoculi and M. ovis and were designated mbvCABDtolC and movCABDtolC, respectively. These genes were closely related to M. bovis mbxCABDtolC. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum against the carboxy terminus of M. bovoculi MbvA neutralized hemolytic activity of both M. bovoculi and M. ovis; this antiserum did not neutralize the hemolytic activity of M. bovis. M. bovoculi and M. ovis possess genes that encode proteins related to pathogenic factors of M. bovis.  相似文献   

Relatedness of cytotoxins from geographically diverse isolates of Moraxella bovis     

Angelos JA  Ball LM 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,124(3-4):382-386

To determine whether amino acid sequence variation exists in the Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) cytotoxin (MbxA) from geographically diverse M. bovis isolated in the United States, mbxA was amplified and sequenced. The MbxA deduced amino acid sequence from M. bovis originally isolated in California, Washington, North Carolina, and Georgia, as well as reference strains of M. bovis isolated at the National Animal Disease Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA, all encoded a nearly identical 927 amino acid protein. MbxA from two of the four California isolates (SFS 9a and SFS 100a) differed from all other isolates at two sites at which the polar amino acids glutamine (position 666) and asparagine (position 823) were replaced by ionized amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid, respectively. Rabbit antiserum to the expressed carboxy terminus (amino acids 590-927) of MbxA from M. bovis (Tifton I) neutralized the hemolytic activity of SFS 9a and SFS 100a. The M. bovis cytotoxin appears to be conserved amongst geographically diverse isolates of M. bovis from the USA. Antiserum against the carboxy terminus of MbxA common to the majority of isolates neutralized the hemolytic activity of two strains with a divergent MbxA deduced amino acid sequence. Vaccines against IBK that incorporate MbxA as antigen may offer protection against geographically diverse strains of M. bovis.  相似文献   

Tibial plateau symmetry and the effect of osteophytosis on tibial plateau angle measurements     

Ritter MJ  Perry RL  Olivier NB  Kim SY  Dejardin LM 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(2):93-98

A novel technique was developed to estimate the caudal medial tibial plateau landmark in the face of osteophytosis to improve accuracy in tibial plateau angle measurements. Using this technique, tibial plateau angles were evaluated in 31 normal dogs before and 8 months after right cranial cruciate ligament transection. There was no significant difference in mean tibial plateau angle before or after induction of osteophytosis. Additionally, it was determined that 90% of dogs had a difference of =2 degrees between right and left tibial plateau angles, which was considered symmetrical.  相似文献   

Effect of nutrition during calfhood and peripubertal period on serum metabolic hormones, gonadotropins and testosterone concentrations, and on sexual development in bulls     

Brito LF  Barth AD  Rawlings NC  Wilde RE  Crews DH  Mir PS  Kastelic JP 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,33(1):1-18

The objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of nutrition on circulating concentrations of metabolic hormones, gonadotropins, and testosterone during sexual development in bulls. Nutrition regulated the hypothalamus-pituitary-testes axis through effects on the GnRH pulse generator in the hypothalamus and through direct effects on the testes. Pituitary function (gonadotropin secretion after GnRH challenge) was not affected by nutrition. However, nutrition affected LH pulse frequency and basal LH concentration during the early gonadotropin rise (10-26 weeks of age). There were close temporal associations between changes in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations and changes in LH pulse frequency, suggesting a role for IGF-I in regulating the early gonadotropin rise in bulls. The peripubertal increase in testosterone concentration was delayed in bulls with lesser serum IGF-I concentrations (low nutrition), suggesting a role for IGF-I in regulating Leydig cell function. Serum IGF-I concentrations accounted for 72 and 67% of the variation in scrotal circumference and paired-testes volume, respectively (at any given age), indicating that IGF-I may regulate testicular growth. Bulls with a more sustained elevated LH pulse frequency during the early gonadotropin rise (high nutrition) had greater testicular mass at 70 weeks of age relative to the control group (medium nutrition), despite no differences in metabolic hormone concentrations after 26 weeks of age. Therefore, gonadotropin-independent mechanism regulating testicular growth might be dependent on previous gonadotropin milieu.  相似文献   

Factors associated with practice decisions of Nebraska veterinarians regarding type of practice and community size     

Schmitz JA  Vogt RJ  Rupp GP  Brodersen BW  Abel JM  Wohlers AR  Marx DB 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2007,34(3):340-349

Nebraska veterinary practitioners were surveyed to collect data about background characteristics and other factors related to veterinarians' decision to include or not include food animals in their practices and to practice in rural versus urban communities. Background characteristics that were significantly (p < or = 0.05) associated with choosing food-animal practice included growing up on a working farm or ranch; having parents who owned livestock; growing up in a town with a population of less than 10,000; majoring in animal science at university; being male; and having a primary interest, at the time of entering veterinary college, in food animal-exclusive or mixed-animal veterinary practice. The primary factor for choosing the community in which to practice was rural/urban lifestyle for rural veterinarians, while this factor was second for urban veterinarians. For all groups of veterinarians, the primary consideration in selecting their current practice was the species orientation of the practice. The primary reason for not choosing food-animal practice was better working conditions and lifestyle in companion-animal practice, followed by greater interest elsewhere.  相似文献   

North American veterinary pathology residency training programs: an overview of where they are today and where they were five years ago, with an analysis of trends     

Fitzgerald SD  Reed WM  Kaneene JB 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2007,34(4):458-463

An e-mail/telephone survey of all active North American residency training programs in veterinary pathology was conducted in September 2005. The purpose of this survey was to determine current numbers of trainees, their program length and type, and salaries; to compare current numbers to five years earlier; and, finally, to gauge interest in expanding current programs. All 41 training institutions contacted responded to the survey. Briefly, the survey found that there are currently 235 veterinary pathology residents, for a mean of 5.7 residents per training program. The number of residents currently in training programs and the number of applicants for these programs has increased compared to five years earlier. There is widespread interest in further expanding capacity in these programs, and the coalition of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists and the Society of Toxicologic Pathology is a well-known source of possible funding for additional residents. This survey report further documents the numbers of combined residency/PhD programs, average starting salaries for new residents, outside sponsorship effects on pathology training programs, and some of the common concerns regarding veterinary pathology training programs voiced by the respondents. While residency training capacity has expanded in the last five years, and there is widespread desire to further expand these training programs, a shortage of veterinary pathologists for future market needs will need to be addressed by increased funding from as yet unspecified sources.  相似文献   

Animal models for human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections     

Schildgen O  Simon A  Williams J 《Veterinary research》2007,38(1):117-126

Since its detection in 2001 the human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, was observed to be a serious pathogen in human respiratory infections during childhood. Meanwhile, several animal models have been established to study the virus-host interactions and pathogenic effects. Mainly, small laboratory animals like mice and cotton rats have been used, although the usage of these two species for HMPV research is controversially discussed and contradictious results were obtained by different groups. Further trials with ferrets, hamsters and non human primates were performed revealing different success in their individual usage. In this review we present the different animal models, summarize their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the controversial results from different studies.  相似文献   

Dermoid sinus and bone defects of the fifth thoracic vertebrae in a shih-tzu     

Colón JA  Maritato KC  Mauterer JV 《The Journal of small animal practice》2007,48(3):180

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Imidacloprid-resistant Aphis gossypii populations are more common in cotton-dominated landscapes     

John W. Mahas  Todd D. Steury  Anders S. Huseth  Stephanie R Rogers  Alana L. Jacobson 《Pest management science》2023,79(3):1040-1047

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Field evaluation of glutathione and glutamic acid as host marking pheromones for control of Tephritid fruit flies in a mango orchard in Kenya     

Xavier Cheseto  Hillary Kirwa  Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed  Sunday Ekesi  John J Beck  Baldwyn Torto 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1585-1592

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