鸡公山野生木本蔬菜资源调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

哈登龙  李培学  戴慧堂  方成良  石冠红 《中国林副特产》2009,(6):78-80

木本蔬菜绿色食品,营养价值高,开发潜力大。于2008年对鸡公山野生木本蔬菜资源进行调查,结果表明鸡公山有野生木本蔬菜植物34科74种,并对其开发利用提出建议。  相似文献   

Production of phenolic compounds in hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn)     

Yong Kyoung Kim  Xiaohua Li  Hui Xu  Nam Il Park  Md Romij Uddin  Jong Yeong Pyon  Sang Un Park 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(1):53-57

Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn (tartary buckwheat) is an excellent medicinal and nutrient-rich crop. It has a high content of rutin and other phenolic compounds. An experiment was conducted to investigate in vitro production of phenolic compounds from hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat. Hairy root growth was promoted by increasing culture time in MS medium. The highest hairy root growth reached up to 11.2 g/l dry weight at 18 d after placement. Transformation was confirmed by PCR using rol genes, rol A (304 bp), B (797 bp), C (550 bp), and D (1035 bp) genes which is transferred into hairy roots from the Ri-plasmid in Agrobacterium rhizogenes and is responsible for the induction of hairy root from plant species. Rutin, quercetin, (−) epicatechin, (−) catechin hydrate, gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were identified both in hairy and wild type roots of tartary buckwheat. The main compound found in the both types of root was epicatechin followed by rutin. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the hairy roots of tartary buckwheat was several-fold higher compared with wild type roots of same species. Our results indicate that hairy root culture of F. tataricum is a valuable alternative approach for the production of phenolic compounds.  相似文献   

Effect of light on endogenous levels of gibberellin and abscisic acid in seed germination of photoblastic weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Sang-Yeol Kim  Sun-Joo Hwang  In-Jung Lee  Dong-Hyun Shin  Sung-Tae Park  Un-Sang Yeo  Hang-Won Kang 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(3):149-152

The effect of red (R) and R/far-red (FR) lights on endogenous gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content was first investigated during the germination of photoblastic black-hulled weedy rice (PBWR) seeds. The R light-treated PBWR seeds germinated after 36–48 h and germination was increased to 63% at 72 h. However, the FR light-treated seeds after R light treatment, suppressed the R light effect showing only 11% germination even at 72 h after the light treatment. The PBWR seed treated with R light rapidly increased the endogenous level of GA₁ to about 200 times at 12 h before seed germination as compared with R/FR (control) which suppressed the effect of R light. The contents of other GAs like GA₁₂, GA₅₃, GA₁₉, GA₂₀, and GA₈ were not affected by the R light irradiation. These results showed that the major biosynthetic pathway of GAs in PBWR seeds is the early 13-hydroxylation pathway leading to GA₁, which was suggested to be physiologically active in the PBWR seed germination. The decrease in the level of ABA in the R light-treated seeds was greater than the R/FR light-treated seeds, indicating that the balance of endogenous GA1 and ABA is responsible for the induction of germination in the PBWR seed.  相似文献   

Assessment of N topdressing rate at panicle initiation stage with chlorophyll meter-based diagnosis in rice     

Jae-Hong Lee  Chang-Sung Kang  Ahn-Sung Roh  Kyeong-Yeol Park  Ho-Jin Lee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(4):195-200

This study was conducted to determine N topdressing rate at panicle initiation stage by using chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502)-based N nutritional diagnosis in rice plant for high quality production of the Chucheongbyeo variety. Field experiments were carried for 3 years from 2003 to 2005 in Gyeonggi, Hwaseong. To confirm the method of measuring the leaf color with SPAD-502, leaf position of rice plant and measuring point on the leaf were studied. And the proper period to examine the leaf color and growth characteristics of rice plants was suggested at panicle initiation stage, from the results of the correlation between SPAD value and both content of chlorophyll and nitrogen in rice leaves. The multiply value of plant height, number of tillers per m² and SPAD value could explain well the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of rice plants, and was used to determine an equation for on-site determination of nitrogen fertilization rate for Chucheongbyeo variety at the panicle initiation stage. Nitrogen fertilization increased number of tillers and rice yields, and affected the increase in protein content in rice grain resulting in loss of quality, such as taste value, and decreased the percentages of both ripened and whole rice grains. Based on the response surface statistical methodology using the SAS program, the relationship equation among protein content of brown rice (PROT), plant growth value (plant height × number of tillers × SPAD value, PGV), and nitrogen fertilization rate at the panicle formation stage (NF) was developed. That is, PROT (%) = 7.379403 ? (5.27E-7) a ? 0.013291 b + (3.025355E-13) a ² + (3.222997E-8) ab + (6.781E-05) b ², where a means PGV and b is NF (%), and the equation’s coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.967. From this equation, to recommend the optimum N fertilization rate at panicle initiation stage easily to produce high quality rice of Chucheongbyeo variety, which contains the target protein content of brown rice.  相似文献   

Transcriptional profiles of the annual growth cycle in Populus deltoides     

Park S  Keathley DE  Han KH 《Tree physiology》2008,28(3):321-329

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红壤稻田施用控释肥与氮素转化的关系   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

秦道珠  李冬初  徐明岗  申华平  黄平娜  朴洪圭 《中国农学通报》2008,24(9):273-276

在湘南红壤稻田连续两年（2002—2003）采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的研究方法,对施用控释肥和尿素的稻田肥料氮转化与去向进行研究。结果表明,稻田氨挥发是氮素损失的主要原因。施用尿素,其氨挥发损失量达到施氮素总量的39.28%,施用控释肥（LCU70、LCU50）,其氨挥发损失量分别占其施氮总量的19.99%和10.91%,比尿素的氨挥发氮素损失量降低19.29%~28.37%。田间表面水NH4-N浓度高峰期出现在施肥后的第1天,10d后下降到对照水平。田间氨挥发高峰期出现在施肥后的第3天,7d后下降到对照水平。施用控释肥（LCU70、LCU50）,水稻对氮素的吸收利用率分别为80.5%、64.7%,比施尿素高50.5%、34.7%,差异极显著。  相似文献   

Genetic mapping of seedling and adult plant stem rust resistance in two European winter wheat cultivars     

U. K. Bansal  E. Bossolini  H. Miah  B. Keller  R. F. Park  H. S. Bariana 《Euphytica》2008,164(3):821-828

A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Arina/Forno was field tested for 2 years against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici under artificially created epidemic conditions. Both parents showed intermediate adult plant stem rust responses and the RIL population showed continuous variation for this trait. Composite interval mapping identified genomic regions controlling low stem rust response on chromosomes 5B and 7D consistently across all experiments. These genomic regions were named QSr.Sun-5BL and QSr.Sun-7DS and explained on an average 12% and 26% of the phenotypic variation in adult plant stem rust response, respectively. QSr.Sun-5BL mapped close to Xglk0354 and was contributed by Arina. The Lr34-linked markers csLV34 and swm10 were closely associated with QSr.Sun-7DS suggesting the involvement of Lr34 in controlling adult plant stem rust response of cultivar Forno. Additional minor and inconsistent QTLs explaining variation in adult plant stem rust response were identified on chromosome arms 1AS and 7BL. The QTL located on chromosome 7BL corresponded to the stem rust resistance gene Sr17 carried by cultivar Forno. A seedling stem rust resistance gene carried by Arina, SrAn1, was ineffective under field conditions and was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2A. Genotypes carrying combinations of QSr.Sun-5BL and QSr.Sun-7DS based on positive alleles of the respective closest marker loci Xglk0354 and XcsLV34 or Xswm10 exhibited a lower response than either parent indicating an additive effect of these genes. Transfer of these genes into cultivars carrying Sr2 would provide a more effective and durable resistance against the stem rust pathogen. Markers csLV34 and/or swm10 could be used in marker assisted selection of QSr.Sun-7DS in breeding programs.  相似文献   

Evaluation of seedling and adult plant resistance in European wheat cultivars to Australian isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia striiformis</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">tritici</Emphasis>     

Amin K. Pathan  Colin R. Wellings  Harbans S. Bariana  Robert F. Park 《Euphytica》2008,163(2):283-301

A set of 105 European wheat cultivars was assessed for seedling resistance and adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe (yellow) rust in greenhouse and field tests with selected Australian isolates of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Twelve cultivars were susceptible to all pathotypes, and among the remainder, 11 designated seedling genes (Yr1, Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr32, YrHVII and YrSP) and a range of unidentified seedling resistances were detected either singly or in combination. The identity of seedling resistance in 43 cultivars could not be determined with the available Pst pathotypes, and it is considered possible that at least some of these may carry uncharacterised seedling resistance genes. The gene Yr9 occurred with the highest frequency, present in 19 cultivars (18%), followed by Yr17, present in 10 cultivars (10%). Twenty four cultivars lacked seedling resistance that was effective against the pathotype used in field nurseries, and all but two of these displayed very high levels of APR. While the genetic identity of this APR is currently unknown, it is potentially a very useful source of resistance to Pst. Genetic studies are now needed to characterise this resistance to expedite its use in efforts to breed for resistance to stripe rust. Colin R. Wellings seconded from NSW Department of Primary Industries.  相似文献   

Effects of Maturity at Harvest and Fermentation Conditions on Bioactive Compounds of Cocoa Beans     

Dang  Yen K. T.  Nguyen  Ha V. H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(1):54-60

Cocoa beans and cocoa products contain considerable amounts of bioactive compounds. Harvesting cocoa fruit too early or too late may have effects on the phenolic and alkaloid concentrations of the cocoa powder. Fermentation, a primary processing used to transform cocoa beans to cocoa powder, may also influence the contents of bioactive compounds. In this study, proanthocyanidins, the major compounds in cocoa polyphenols, caffeine and theobromine of cocoa beans, were evaluated at different maturities at harvest, and with different fermentation durations, with and without the addition of a commercial enzyme, Pectinex® Ultra SP-L. The amounts of proanthocyanidins, caffeine and theobromine, and the antioxidant capacities of the unfermented cocoa beans increased as the fruits matured. The values ranged from 16.12–27.28 g catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g dry weight (DW); 99.66–173.61 mg/100 g DW; 556.39–948.84 mg/100 g DW; 23.23–26.32 mol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g DW, respectively. Prolonged fermentation with or without the addition of pectinase, from three to seven days, significantly reduced the amounts of these compounds present. Fermentation using the enzyme significantly reduced the proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant capacity of the cocoa powder, with the overall means decreasing from 8.93–4.93 g CE/100 g DW and from 15.81–12.95 g mol TE/100 g DW, respectively. Two-way ANOVA analyses showed that the proanthocyanidins, caffeine, theobromine contents and the antioxidant capacity of cocoa beans were strongly dependet to their stages of maturity, fermentation methods and fermentation duration.

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Development,characterization and application of genomic SSR markers for the oat stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae          下载免费PDF全文

F. S. Gnocato  P. M. Dracatos  H. Karaoglu  P. Zhang  A. Berlin  R. F. Park 《Plant pathology》2018,67(2):457-466

Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga), is one of the most severe diseases of oats worldwide. Population studies are scarce for this pathogen, mainly due to the lack of polymorphic molecular markers suitable for genetic analysis. In this study, an Australian Pga isolate was sequenced, the abundance of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) was determined and PCR‐based polymorphic markers suitable for genetic diversity analysis were developed. The amplification of 194 primer pairs was initially assessed using a set of 12 isolates of different cereal rust species and their formae speciales. A high frequency of cross‐species amplification was observed for most markers; however, 36 SSRs were diagnostic for P. graminis only. A subset of 19 genome‐derived SSRs were deemed useful for genetic diversity analysis of Pga and were assessed on 66 Pga isolates from Australia, Brazil and Sweden. Brazilian and Australian isolates were characterized by one and two predominant clonal lineages, respectively. In contrast, the Swedish isolates, previously shown to undergo sexual recombination, were highly diverse (nine distinct genotypes out of 10 isolates) and divided into two subpopulations. The genome‐derived SSR markers developed in this study were well suited to the population studies undertaken, and have diagnostic capabilities that should aid in the identification of unknown rust pathogen species.  相似文献