Comparative study of health properties and nutritional value of durian, mangosteen, and snake fruit: experiments in vitro and in vivo     

Haruenkit R  Poovarodom S  Leontowicz H  Leontowicz M  Sajewicz M  Kowalska T  Delgado-Licon E  Rocha-Guzmán NE  Gallegos-Infante JA  Trakhtenberg S  Gorinstein S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5842-5849

In vitro and in vivo studies of the health and nutritional properties of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) were compared with snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Dietary fibers, minerals, and trace metals were comparable. Total polyphenols (mg of GAE/100 g of FW) and flavonoids (85.1+/-6.1) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in snake fruit (217.1+/-13.2 (mg of CE/100 g of FW)), durian (309.7+/-19.3 and 61.2+/-4.9), and mangosteen (190.3+/-12.1 and 54.1+/-3.8). Antioxidant activity (microM TE/100 g of FW) of durian measured by DPPH and ABTS assays (228.2+/-13.4 and 2016.3+/-81.1) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in snake fruit (110.4+/-7.9 and 1507.5+/-70.1) and mangosteen (79.1+/-5.9 and 1268.6+/-62.3). HPLC/DAD analysis of durian (microg/100 g of FW) showed that quercetin (1214.23+/-116.7) was present at levels three times that of caffeic acid, and twice as high as p-coumaric and cinnamic acids. The correlation coefficients between the bioactive compounds of fruits and their antioxidant activities were high (R2=0.99). Male Wistar rats (25) were divided into five dietary groups: the control group was fed the basal diet (BD); in addition to BD, the cholesterol (Chol) group was supplemented with 1% of Chol; the diets of the Chol/Durian, Chol/Snake, and Chol/Mangosteen groups were supplemanted with 5% of these fruits, respectively. It was found that diets supplemented with durian, and to a lesser degree with snake fruit and mangosteen, significantly hindered the rise in plasma lipids and the decrease in antioxidant activity. The nutritional values were comparably high. In conclusion, it could be suggested that inclusion of studied tropical fruits, especially durian, in known disease-preventing diets could be beneficial.  相似文献   

Occurrence of naturally acetylated lignin units   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Del Río JC  Marques G  Rencoret J  Martínez AT  Gutiérrez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5461-5468

This work examines the occurrence of native acetylated lignin in a large set of vascular plants, including both angiosperms and gymnosperms, by a modification of the so-called Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC) method. Acetylated lignin units were found in the milled wood lignins of all angiosperms selected for this study, including mono- and eudicotyledons, but were absent in the gymnosperms analyzed. In some plants (e.g., abaca, sisal, kenaf, or hornbeam), lignin acetylation occurred at a very high extent, exceeding 45% of the uncondensed (alkyl-aryl ether linked) syringyl lignin units. Acetylation was observed exclusively at the gamma-carbon of the lignin side chain and predominantly on syringyl units, although a predominance of acetylated guaiacyl over syringyl units was observed in some plants. In all cases, acetylation appears to occur at the monomer stage, and sinapyl and coniferyl acetates seem to behave as real lignin monomers participating in lignification.  相似文献   

Kinetic model for the antiradical activity of the isolated p-catechol group in flavanone type structures using the free stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as the antiradical probe     

Sendra JM  Sentandreu E  Navarro JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5512-5522

The time evolution of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*) concentration in four solvents (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and acetonitrile) during its reduction by three flavanones containing an isolated p-catechol group (taxifolin, eriodyctiol, and fustin) as well as the time evolution of the mass spectra of the reaction mixture has been determined by spectrophotometry and liquid mass spectrometry, respectively. In alcoholic solvents the reduction curves consisted of an initial short but fast kinetics step followed by a longer slow kinetics step; in contrast, in acetonitrile the reduction curves completely lacked the slow kinetics step. From the results, a kinetic model for the reaction of reduction of the DPPH* by the isolated p-catechol group in flavanone type structures is proposed. According to this model, the p-catechol group rapidly transfers two hydrogen atoms to DPPH*, through a fast rate constant k1, yielding the corresponding o-quinone. Then, the intermediate o-quinone forms an adduct with the alcoholic solvent, through a slow rate constant k2, and regenerates the p-catechol group. The regenerated p-catechol group reduces additional DPPH* through a fast rate constant k3, yielding the corresponding o-quinone, which can form a new adduct with the solvent to regenerate the p-catechol group, and so on. From the kinetics model, two explicit kinetics equations have been derived that fit very well the experimental data points acquired from all assayed compounds in all of the experiments carried out, thus allowing an accurate determination of the corresponding rate and stoichiometric constants.  相似文献   

Concentrations of metals (zinc, copper, cadmium, and mercury) in three domestic ducks in France: Pekin, Muscovy, and Mule ducks     

Lucia M  André JM  Bernadet MD  Gontier K  Gérard G  Davail S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(1):281-288

The role of different factors such as biological material (tissues, organs) and trophic condition (overfeeding or not) in the metal accumulation was studied in three genotypes of ducks (Pekin, Muscovy, and Mule) under breeding conditions. Results showed that overfeeding decreased the concentration in Cd, Cu, and Zn through the dilution process. In contrast, mercury concentration increased with this method. A relation between lipidic metabolism of genotypes and the distribution of this metal in biological material was found. Domestic ducks were little contaminated, but a low chronic contamination in Cd was observed, probably coming from the food. Due to the low levels of contamination observed in these breeding ducks, they can be considered as a good control for further contamination studies and comparison with accumulation levels recorded in the field. The impact of feeding condition on accumulation showed the importance of taking into account the life cycle of birds before studying their contamination and the impact of pollutants.  相似文献   

On the drivers of UK direct investment in the Spanish regions: A spatial Durbin approach     

Adolfo Maza  Paula Gutiérrez-Portilla  José Villaverde 《Growth and change》2020,51(2):646-675

This paper empirically examines the key factors driving UK direct investment in the Spanish regions over the period 2000–2016 and, consequently, tries to unveil its main motivation. Applying a spatial Durbin panel model to capture spatial linkages, the results point to the existence of complementarity between the FDI received by a region and that of the remaining ones. This outcome, along with a positive and statistically significant spillover effect of market potential, reveals that complex-vertical FDI motivation with agglomeration economies prevails among UK MNEs investing in Spain. Additionally, our findings unveil the role played by some other FDI drivers, such as wages and infrastructure. Furthermore, the paper is unique in decomposing the average direct and spillover effects by region and pairs of regions, so that remarkable differences can be identified. This breakdown has strong significance from a policy perspective since it can guide regional policy makers. In short, our findings point out to the fact that FDI policy should be jointly designed by those regions presenting strong bilateral spillover effects. Thus, greater cooperation among policy makers would be welcome.  相似文献   

Comparison of selection methods among and within full-sibling progenies in Urochloa humidicola     

Yasmin Vasques Berchembrock  Ulisses José de Figueiredo  José Airton Rodrigues Nunes  Cacilda Borges do Valle  Sanzio Carvalho Lima Barrios 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(2):145-152

Hybridization in the Urochloa humidicola breeding programme allowed to explore the genetic variability of the apomictic sources and, thus, to obtain new sexual and apomictic parents with compatible ploidy and/or superior progenies. However, given the high variability arising from crosses, there is a need to adopt efficient selection strategies among and within progenies. The aim of this study was to compare the selection methods among U. humidicola progenies with (t-BLUP) and without (BLUP) the weighting based on prediction error and subsequent selection within progenies by individual simulated (BLUP_IS) or optimal individual BLUP. We evaluated seventy-one U. humidicola full-sib progenies from biparental crosses between nine sexual and ten apomictic parents. The experiment was set up in an incomplete block design with 64 blocks of 15 plots each, consisting of individual plants. Seven consecutive cuts were made and the traits total dry-matter, leaf dry-matter and regrowth scores were measured. Genetic variance was expressive for all traits. The selection procedure among progenies of U. humidicula based on t-BLUP proved to be more advantageous regarding the use of BLUP not weighted by the prediction error, resulting in higher selection gains, taking as reference the optimal procedure of the individual BLUP. Furthermore, the use of BLUP_IS allowed an optimized selection of hybrids, allowing the breeder to explore with variable selection intensity the genetic variability within the selected full-sib progenies based on relative genetic merit.  相似文献   

Establishment techniques affect productivity,nutritive value and atmospheric N2 fixation of two sunn hemp cultivars     

David M. Jaramillo  José C. B. Dubeux Jr  Joao M. B. Vendramini  Luana M. D. Queiroz  Erick R. S. Santos  Martin Ruiz-Moreno  Liza Garcia  Daciele Sousa de Abreu  Lucas Ramos de Miranda  Michelle Cristina Fernando de Siqueira 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(2):153-158

Nitrogen fertilization is a common practice for sustaining forage production in forage systems in southeastern United States. Warm-season annual legumes may be an alternative forage to warm-season perennial grasses that do not require N fertilization. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, warm-season annual legume native to India and Pakistan. The objective of this 2-year study was to assess the herbage accumulation (HA), atmospheric N₂ fixation (ANF) and nutritive value of sunn hemp. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of two sunn hemp cultivars (“Crescent Sun” and “Blue Leaf”), three seeding rates (17, 28 and 39 kg seed/ha) and seed inoculation (inoculated or non-inoculated seeds), distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Crescent sun had greater HA (3,218 vs. 1764 kg DM/ha) and ANF (41 vs. 25 kg N/ha). Blue leaf had greater crude protein (CP) (188 vs. 176 g/kg) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations (564 vs. 531 g/kg) than crescent sun. Non-inoculated seed had greater CP than inoculated seed, 188 and 177 g/kg, respectively, and inoculation did not affect HA. Intermediate seeding rate (28 kg/ha) decreased HA (2002 kg DM/ha), while HA from high and low seeding rates (17 and 39 kg/ha, respectively) did not differ (2,863 and 2,615 kg DM/ha respectively). Planting non-inoculated crescent sun at 17 kg/ha seeding rate is a feasible management practice to produce sunn hemp in subtropical regions; however, inoculation should always be recommended for proper establishment.  相似文献   

Shading effects on canopy and tillering characteristics of continuously stocked palisadegrass in a silvopastoral system in the Amazon biome     

Fagner Junior Gomes  Bruno Carneiro Pedreira  Patrícia Menezes Santos  Cristiam Bosi  Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(3):279-290

In silvopastoral (SP) systems, forage responses depend on the microenvironment in which the plants develop. Our objective was to evaluate canopy and tillering characteristics of shaded 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst A Rich) Stapf, syn. Urochloa brizantha] under continuous stocking in a SP system. Treatments were one full sun (FS) and three shaded systems (silvopasture, SP) corresponding to distances from tree groves: 7.5 m north (SP1), and 15 m (SP2) and 7.5 m south (SP3) studied during two rainy seasons (Year 1 and Year 2). The tree in the SP system was Eucalyptus urograndis (hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden × Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). The photosynthetic active radiation was greater in FS (923 μmol m^-2 s^-1), followed by SP2 (811 μmol m^-2 s^-1), SP1 (727 μmol m^-2 s^-1) and SP3 (673 μmol m^-2 s^-1). Forage accumulation in FS was 15% greater than the mean of SP1, SP2 and SP3 (10,663 kg DM/ha). There was no difference in net accumulation of leaf, stem and dead material, averaging 3,302, 3,420 and 4,063 kg DM/ha respectively. Leaf accumulation and accumulation rate were greater in Year 2, and leaf accumulation rate was similar among treatments (19 kg DM ha⁻¹ day⁻¹). Leaf proportion increased 14% from Year 1 to Year 2. Specific leaf area was greater for treatments SP1 and SP3 (193 cm²/g). Tiller population density was similar across treatments in Year 1. Shaded palisadegrass maintains leaf productivity similar to FS under continuous stocking in an SP system.  相似文献   

Effects of Cocoa-Derived Polyphenols on Cognitive Function in Humans. Systematic Review and Analysis of Methodological Aspects     

Barrera-Reyes  Paloma K  de Lara  Josué Cortés-Fernández  González-Soto  Melissa  Tejero  M Elizabeth 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):1-11

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The effects of cocoa-derived polyphenols on cognitive functions have been analyzed through numerous studies using different interventions (doses, vehicles, time...  相似文献   

Correction to: Coupling landscape graph modeling and biological data: a review     

Foltête  Jean-Christophe  Savary  Paul  Clauzel  Céline  Bourgeois  Marc  Girardet  Xavier  Sahraoui  Yohan  Vuidel  Gilles  Garnier  Stéphane 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(5):1053-1053

Landscape Ecology - In the original publication of the article, the sixth author name has been misspelt. The correct name is given in this Correction. The original article has been corrected.  相似文献