Biochar as a strategy to manage plant diseases caused by pathogens inhabiting the soil: a critical review     

de Medeiros  Erika Valente  Lima  Neyla Thayná  de Sousa Lima  José Romualdo  Pinto  Kedma Maria Silva  da Costa  Diogo Paes  Franco Junior  Cícero Luiz  Souza  Rodolfo Marcondes Silva  Hammecker  Claude 《Phytoparasitica》2021,49(4):713-726

Phytoparasitica - The current agricultural scenario faces a range of challenges, with phytosanitary ones being paramount. In most cases, plant diseases are treated with chemicals; however, they...  相似文献   

Lethal and sublethal effects of chemical constituents from essential oils on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in cowpea stored grains     

Barbosa  Douglas Rafael e Silva  de Oliveira  José Vargas  da Silva  Paulo Henrique Soares  Santana  Mauricéa Fidelis  Breda  Mariana Oliveira  de França  Solange Maria  de Miranda  Vinícius Lima 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(6):1575-1586

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The recent use of essential oils has been considered an important approach in pest management programs for stored products. Regarding essential oils, it...  相似文献   

Evaluation in pot and field trials of resistance of potato cultivars and breeding lines to common scab caused byStreptomyces scabies     

Laetitia Marais  René Vorster 《Potato Research》1988,31(3):401-404

Summary The resistance to common scab of nine cultivars and eight advanced breeding lines of potatoes, fiveSolanum andigenum Juz. et Buk. clones, and three potato breeding lines selected for resistance to common scab, was investigated in a field and a pot trial. In the pot trial potaroes were planted in inoculated coarse river sand in plastic pots (150 mm in diameter) placed on irrigated subsoil in a glassfibre house. In a field trial potatoes were planted in an artificially infested field. The harvested tubers were scored individually for scab incidence according to two scales, viz. a 1–5 point scale for percentage surface covered with scab and a 1–3 point scale for lesion type. A scab index value was calculated for each tuber. A significant correlation coefficient of 0.82 was obtained for the results of the two tests.  相似文献   

Antigenotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Acerola Fruit (Malpighia glabra L.) at Two Stages of Ripeness     

Nunes Rda S  Kahl VF  Sarmento Mda S  Richter MF  Costa-Lotufo LV  Rodrigues FA  Abin-Carriquiry JA  Martinez MM  Ferronatto S  Ferraz Ade B  da Silva J 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):129-135

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of acerola fruit at two stages of ripeness were investigated using mice blood cells. The results show that no ripeness stage of acerola extracts presented any genotoxic potential to damage DNA (Comet assay) or cytotoxicity (MTT assay). When antigenotoxic activity was analyzed, unripe fruit presented higher DNA protection than ripe fruit (red color) extract. The antioxidant capacity of substances also showed that unripe samples inhibit the free radical DPPH more significantly than the ripe ones. The results about determination of compounds made using HPLC showed that unripe acerola presents higher levels of vitamin C as compared to ripe acerola. Thus, vitamin C and the complex mixture of nutrients of Malpighia glabra L., and especially its ripeness stages, influenced the interaction of the fruit extract with the DNA. Acerola is usually consumed when ripe (red fruit), although it is the green fruit (unripe) that has higher potential as beneficial to DNA, protecting it against oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Changes in the content of L-ascorbic acid,glucose, fructose,sucrose and total glycoalkaloids in potatoes (cv. Bintje) stored at 7, 16 and 28°C     

Anita R. Linnemann  André van Es  Klaasje J. Hartmans 《Potato Research》1985,28(3):271-278

Summary We investigated the changes in the content of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), glucose, fructose, surose and total glycoalkaloids (TGA) during storage of potatoes, cv. Bintje, for 12 weeks at 7,16 and 28°C. The initial amount of L-AA was 8.2 mg/100g fresh weight; after 12 weeks' storage at 7°C it had decreased, while at 16 and 28°C it had increased. The sugar content went up most in potatoes stored at 28°C, but remained below the level at which potatoes taste sweet. The sugar content rose slightly at 16°C, while it decreased in tubers stored at 7°C. The initial TGA content, in equivalent amounts of α-solanine, was 3.6 mg/100 g fresh weight; after 12 weeks' storage it had decreased slightly at all three storage temperatures.  相似文献   

Variability of in-channel sediment storage in a river draining highly erodible areas (the Isábena,Ebro Basin)     

Gemma Piqué  José A. López-Tarazón  Ramon J. Batalla 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(12):2031-2044

Purpose

In-channel sediment storage is a fundamental component of a river basin’s sediment budget. Sediment remains stored until a competent flow re-suspends and transfers it downstream. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to quantify in-channel sediment storage and its spatial and temporal dynamics in the River Isábena, a mesoscale mountainous catchment draining highly erodible areas (badlands) in the south central Pyrenees (Ebro basin) and (2) to analyse changes in storage in the mainstem channel in relation to sediment yield from the main tributaries.

Materials and methods

In-channel sediment storage was measured seasonally (from winter 2011 to winter 2012) at 14 mainstem cross-sections using a re-suspension cylinder. A minimum of three locations were sampled at each section, and two levels of agitation were applied. Samples allowed determination of the amount of sediment accumulated per unit surface area at a given point in the river; estimates of the total storage in the bed of the mainstem Isábena were derived from these data. In addition, main five tributaries were monitored for discharge and suspended sediment transport.

Results and discussion

Results show an annual sedimentary cycle, with the sediment being produced in badlands during winter, transferred to the main channel during spring, stored in the river during summer and, finally, exported out of the basin by the autumn floods. Marked spatial variability was observed; sections located immediately downstream from the main tributaries (i.e. mainly Villacarli) generally held larger amounts of sediment in the bed. Runoff and sediment inputs from the tributaries were the most important factors determining sediment storage and its spatial and temporal dynamics. The overall sediment yield of the Isábena was much higher than the in-channel sediment storage, despite the large amounts stored in the channel.

Conclusions

This finding corroborates a previous published hypothesis that fine sediment in the drainage network has a mean residence time of the order of 1 year and that the basin’s delivery ratio exceeds 90 %; both of these characteristics can be related to the high connectivity between production areas (badlands) and the river network, and to the role of baseflows allowing continuous export of sediment from the catchment.  相似文献   

Application of a plant bioassay for the evaluation of ecotoxicological risks of heavy metals in sediments affected by mining activities     

Mari Luz García-Lorenzo  María José Martínez-Sánchez  Carmen Pérez-Sirvent 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(10):1753-1765

Purpose

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a plant bioassay (Phytotoxkit®) for screening ecotoxicological risks in sediments affected by mining activities.

Materials and methods

A total of 42 sediment samples affected by mining activities were studied, including 39 sediment samples from the Sierra Minera, Spain, an area affected by old extraction procedures, and three sediments from an area affected by opencast mining. These three samples were then mixed with limestone filler at 10, 20 and 30 %, providing nine stabilised samples. The total and soluble metal(loid) content (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) was determined in all samples, and the Phytotoxkit® bioassay was applied to determine the ecotoxicological effect of this procedure.

Results and discussion

The stabilised material had a neutral pH and low soluble metal(loid) concentration, similar to that of samples in which a natural attenuation process had taken place because of mixing with surrounding carbonate-rich materials. An ecotoxicological survey identified the low toxicity levels of the stabilised samples.

Conclusions

The applied bioassay is a good tool for screening metal(loid) contamination in areas affected by mining activities, since it provides information on both natural and simulated attenuation processes. The mixing of sediments with limestone filler could be applied to the remediation of zones affected by mining activities, because the toxicological effect on the tested organisms in the stabilised sediments was reduced significantly and the metal(loid) content was diminished.  相似文献   

Genetics components of rice root architecture and carbon isotopic fractionation parameters: a tracer for breeding in a water-saving irrigation management     

Brito  Giovani G.  Concenço  Germani  Costa  Vladimir E.  Fagundes  Paulo Ricardo R.  da Silva-Filho  João Luis  Parfitt  José Maria B.  Magalhães  Ariano  Silva  Giovana T.  Jardim  Thaís M.  Luccas  Nathália Furtado  Scivittaro  Walkyria B. 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(1):19-32

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Phenotyping is the major bottleneck in the effort to develop varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) suitable for growing under a water-saving irrigation...  相似文献   

Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization of the aetiological agent of sour rot on fruits and vegetables in Brazil     

Simone Albino Paes  André Wilson Campos Rosado  Ailton Reis  Olinto Liparini Pereira 《Plant pathology》2022,71(2):386-399

In Brazil, sour rot is an important postharvest disease on fruits and vegetables. Geotrichum candidum (synonym Galactomyces candidus) has been reported as the main species causing this disease. However, the identity of the causal agent is still uncertain. This research aimed to determine the identity of 165 fungal isolates associated with sour rot obtained from fruits and vegetables in Brazil, and to evaluate the effect of different temperatures on the incidence of sour rot on artificially inoculated tomato fruits. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and morphological analyses, 129 samples belonged to Galactomyces candidus, 15 to G. candidum var. citri-aurantii, 6 to G. phurueaense, 2 to Gal. pseudocandidus, 1 to Hyphopichia burtonii, 1 to H. khmerensis, 3 to Saccharomycopsis crataegensis, 1 to S. vini, 1 to Magnusiomyces tetrasperma, 1 to Trichosporon coremiiforme, and 1 to Zygoascus meyerae. Two new species were found, namely, Geotrichum solani (on potato) and Geotrichum spondiadis (on red mombin). All isolates were pathogenic when inoculated on healthy tomato fruits, including the new species of Geotrichum, which were also inoculated into their respective hosts, that is, potatoes and red mombins. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the presence of five other genera besides Geotrichum associated with sour rot on fruits and vegetables in Brazil, which demonstrates the diversity of fungi and yeasts associated with this disease.  相似文献   

Genomic variability and plasticity of Pseudomonas causing coffee leaf spots in Minas Gerais state,Brazil     

Francisco Henrique Nunes da Silva Alves  Ana Leticia Rocha Monteiro  Isadora Cristófoli Pereira  José Cleydson Ferreira da Silva  Renan N. D. Almeida  Kathryn J. McTavish  David S. Guttman  Melina Korres Raimundi  Ricardo Magela de Souza  Mario Lucio Vilela de Resende  Jorge Luis Badel 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):934-948

Foliar spots caused by Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg), Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci (Pat) and Pseudomonas cichorii (Pch) are major bacterial diseases that can reduce coffee production. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity to coffee plants of these bacteria. In this study, genome sequences of Pcg, Pat and Pch strains isolated from coffee plants in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were used to assess their variability and plasticity, and compare their type III secretion system (T3SS) and apoplastic effector repertoires as well as tabtoxin biosynthetic/detoxification genes. Genomic diversity was found for all three phytopathogens, among which Pch possesses the highest number of exclusive proteins. The Pcg genome is the most stable whereas that of Pch is the most plastic, which is related to their host ranges. When compared with those of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, hrp/hrc gene sequences are more conserved in Pcg and Pat than in Pch, which also possesses the smallest T3SS and the largest apoplastic effector repertoires. The only T3SS effector family common to all three pathogens is AvrE, suggesting that, as for other plant–Pseudomonas interactions, it may play a crucial role for pathogenicity towards coffee plants. Apoplastic proteins associated with maintaining the redox balance and degrading proteins/peptides not previously described as important in plant–bacteria interactions were found. Gain/loss of the tabtoxin biosynthetic cluster with retention of the antitoxin gene was observed, indicating that tabtoxin production is not a limiting factor for the occurrence of mixed infections.  相似文献