棉秆热解分级冷凝产物改良盐碱土效果     

曹林林  任衍森  邓辉  杨乐  王洋  常瀚予 《农业工程学报》2022,38(22):158-165

为揭示分级冷凝热解液对盐碱土的改良作用,该研究以三级冷凝方式作为棉秆热解液精制方法,分析分级冷凝对产物组成影响;在此基础上,利用盆栽试验,以不同热解温度下获得的棉秆分级冷凝第3级产物稀释不同倍数后施入盐碱土,考察分级冷凝第3级产物对于小白菜生长、土壤pH值、全盐量、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、有机质,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明：1）分级冷凝可以达到棉秆热解液从源头分离的目的,实现酚类与酸类物质的粗分离,分级冷凝第3级产物的酚类与酸类物质浓度分别为单级产物的0.50～0.55与1.21～1.35倍。2）灌施分级冷凝第3级产物可以显著促进小白菜的萌发与生长（P<0.05）,热解温度与稀释倍数均会影响促进作用。中温热解以及较大的稀释倍数对种子萌发更有利,500℃热解获得分级冷凝第3级产物稀释600倍灌施时,小白菜的长势最好,发芽率、株高与株质量分别提高32.12%、95.11%与120.03%,丙二醛含量降低48.39%。3）灌施分级冷凝第3级产物会显著影响土壤酶活性,除稀释50倍时降低土壤脲酶与碱性磷酸酶活性外,其他稀释倍数下土壤中酶活性显著增加（P<0....  相似文献   

杉木林下套种不同树种对土壤改良效应初探   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

葛乐  虞木奎  成向荣  凌高潮  吴统贵  刘志龙  王宗星  张翠 《土壤通报》2011,(4)

为探讨复层异龄林营建初期对土壤物理结构和养分状况的影响,研究了浙西地区杉木林下套种不同树种土壤理化特征的变化。结果表明林下套种树种后林地土壤物理结构均得到不同程度的改善,土壤养分状况进一步好转。并运用多因素主成分分析方法,评价了不同复层林模式土壤养分含量规律,并将土壤养分状况的综合优势作了排序。其结果显示杉木林下套植的12种植物在种植初期对土壤养分改良效果较好的为麻栎、毛红椿、南天竺、十大功劳、红豆杉、椤木石楠和蚊母,其中麻栎和毛红椿改良效果最佳。  相似文献   

Differential and successive effects of residue quality and soil mineral N on water-stable aggregation during crop residue decomposition     

C. Le Guillou  D.A. Angers  S. Menasseri-Aubry 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(9):1955-1960

Residue quality has been shown to influence soil water-stable aggregation (WSA) during crop residue decomposition, but there is still little information about its interactive effect with soil mineral N availability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil mineral N on WSA during the decomposition of two high-C/N crop residues (wheat straw with C/N = 125.6 and miscanthus straw with C/N = 311.3). The two crop residues were combined with three mineral N addition rates (0, 60, and 120 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil). Respiration, soil mineral N content, and WSA (expressed as mean-weight diameter, MWD) were measured on several dates during a 56-d incubation. The effect of decomposing crop residues on WSA followed two phases. (i) Between 0 and 7 d, the increase in WSA was related to intrinsic residue quality with higher decomposability of the wheat straw resulting in higher WSA. (ii) Thereafter, and until the end of the experiment, mineral N addition rates had a predominant but negative influence on WSA. In this second phase, the average MWD of residue-treated soils was 0.92, 0.55, and 0.44 mm for the 0, 60 and 120 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil addition rates, respectively. Mineral N addition which did result in higher crop residue decomposition did not lead to higher WSA. WSA during crop residue decomposition is therefore not simply positively related to the induced microbial activity, and changes in microbial community composition with differential effects on WSA must be involved. The impact of high-C/N crop residues inputs on WSA, initially assumed to be low, could actually be strong and long-lasting in situations with low soil mineral N content.  相似文献   

石灰及其后效对玉米吸收重金属影响的田间实例研究     

邵乐  郭晓方  史学峰  许田芬  卫泽斌  吴启堂 《农业环境保护》2010,(10):1986-1991

通过田间试验方法,研究了在铅锌矿废水污染的土壤上施用石灰1 a后,继续施用石灰和石灰后效处理对后续第1、2季低累积玉米（Zea mays）的产量以及重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量的影响,并分析了土壤pH、土壤DTPA提取态重金属含量和土壤重金属全量的变化。结果表明,连续施用石灰和石灰后效均显著提高玉米产量,其中连续施用石灰处理效果最佳,第1季籽粒产量是对照（无石灰）的6倍,第2季是对照的3.8倍。与对照相比,连续施用石灰处理显著降低了2季玉米籽粒Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,石灰后效只能降低第2季玉米茎叶Cd、Pb和Cu含量,而籽粒Cd、Pb含量与对照相比略有升高,说明石灰后效能维持一年半左右。对照处理土壤Cd和Zn全量显著低于石灰处理,可能是土壤中Cd和Zn随着雨水的淋洗向下层迁移造成的。施用石灰可防止Cd和Zn对地下水的污染。  相似文献   

基于STM32温室环境测控系统的研究     

傅仕杰  张英梅  王乐 《计算机与农业》2010,(12):19-23

在传统温室自动化监控系统的基础上,针对目前温室大棚面积不断增大、温室内传感器种类及数量不断增多,且不易连栋管理的现状,设计了基于ARM CORTEX-M3核的以STM32单片机为核心的智能温室控制系统。系统采用CAN总线技术对连栋大棚的主要环境因子,如温度、湿度及光照度等进行智能控制,通过串行通信实现上位机控制,增强了温室大棚的智能化和实用性。  相似文献   

Chemical and physical changes in milk protein concentrate (MPC80) powder during storage     

Le TT  Bhandari B  Deeth HC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5465-5473

The solubility and chemical changes due to the Maillard reaction were investigated in milk protein concentrate powder containing 80% protein (MPC80) during storage at temperatures and relative humidities in the ranges of 25-40 °C and 44-84%, respectively. The Maillard reaction was studied by measuring furosine (a product of lactosylated protein after digestion with acid) and free hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contents by HPLC and L*, a*, b* values with a color-meter. Furosine, free HMF, and browning in MPC80 increased during storage, whereas the solubility decreased. The correlation between the Maillard reaction and solubility loss was explored in modified MPC80 to which glucose was added to enhance the rate of the Maillard reaction. More furosine and brown pigments were observed in the glucose-containing MPC80 than in MPC80 with added lactose. The opposite trend occurred for solubility, suggesting that the Maillard reaction may be a cause of solubility loss in MPC powder.  相似文献   

基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力估算及实证   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

朱泰峰  张凤荣  李灿  朱凤凯  曲衍波  李乐  刘建光 《农业工程学报》2013,29(1):240-249

为合理估算农村居民点整理潜力,该文提出基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力测算新思路。借助植被覆盖率对农村居民点斑块进行分类,通过分析抽样农村居民点斑块的植被覆盖与内部用地结构得到整理潜力修正系数,从而建立基于植被覆盖率修正的农村居民点整理潜力估算模型,并以北京市门头沟区为例展开实证研究。研究结果表明,门头沟区无整理潜力的农村居民点占大多数,具有整理潜力的农村居民点主要集中在经济相对落后的乡镇,并且这部分农村居民点多远离主干道;山区具有中、高整理潜力的农村居民点略多于平原、浅山区,而低整理潜力的农村居民点明显多于平原、浅山区;门头沟区规划整理的农村居民点内部包含有大量农用地,其中建设用地比例只占63.19%～71.54%,但是,第二次土地调查将整个农村居民点都作为建设用地调绘;因而,一些不考虑植被覆盖修正的农村居民点整理潜力测算方法夸大了整理潜力,放大了城乡建设用地增减挂钩的效果。该文为进一步合理估算农村居民点整理理论潜力提供参考。  相似文献   

基于冲刷试验的贵州耕地土壤抗冲性研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

任乐  张科利  郭继成 《水土保持学报》2013,(1):56-59

对5种不同坡度(5°～25°)的翻耕地以及有苔藓覆盖的荒坡地(20°)进行不同流量下(0.042～0.250L/s)的放水冲刷试验,以探讨贵州耕地坡面水动力性质、土壤抗冲性及地表生物(苔藓)对坡面侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明,贵州地区坡耕地坡面流速与冲刷流量呈较好的幂函数关系,而与坡面坡度无关。坡面土壤分离速率与坡度及冲刷流量均呈显著正相关,并可用水动力学参数水流剪切力来估算贵州坡耕地土壤分离速率。与黄土高原相比,在同一坡度、同一冲刷流量下贵州坡耕地坡面产沙速率低于黄土高原坡耕地,表明贵州黄壤抗冲性高于黄土。苔藓覆盖可显著减小坡面侵蚀速率,在同一冲刷流量下,具有苔藓覆盖的荒坡地坡面产沙速率低于翻耕地达3个数量级。  相似文献   

基于微根管技术的玉米根系生长监测   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5  

廖荣伟  刘晶淼  安顺清  牛俊丽  梁宏  任三学  乐章燕  曹玉静  李文静 《农业工程学报》2010,26(10):156-161

为了研究玉米根系生长规律,该文利用固城农业气象试验站内设置的大型根剖面系统,采用微根管观测法,对试验地上玉米主要生育期的根系生长动态进行定期直接跟踪监测,并以方形整段标本法作为参照标准,对试验数据采用MATLAB软件辅助图像处理和现代统计方法进行分析。结果表明：微根管法与方形整段标本法对得出的根长密度随深度增加呈递减型有较好的一致性,两者相关系数达到0.83以上,通过0.05的显著性检验;由观测数据建立的回归方程能较好地反映土壤中玉米根系生长规律,进一步表明微根管法是一种破坏性较小、可准确定位跟踪植物根系在土壤中生长动态变化的先进技术,对植物根系生长研究有较好的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

Correlation between the pattern volatiles and the overall aroma of wild edible mushrooms     

de Pinho PG  Ribeiro B  Gonçalves RF  Baptista P  Valentão P  Seabra RM  Andrade PB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(5):1704-1712

  相似文献