Comparison of key aroma compounds in five different types of Japanese soy sauces by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA)     

Kaneko S  Kumazawa K  Nishimura O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(15):3831-3836

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Identification of bitterness-masking compounds from cheese     

Homma R  Yamashita H  Funaki J  Ueda R  Sakurai T  Ishimaru Y  Abe K  Asakura T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(18):4492-4499

Bitterness-masking compounds were identified in a natural white mold cheese. The oily fraction of the cheese was extracted and further fractionated by using silica gel column chromatography. The four fractions obtained were characterized by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fatty acid-containing fraction was found to have the highest bitterness-masking activity against quinine hydrochloride. Bitterness-masking activity was quantitated using a method based on subjective equivalents. At 0.5 mM, the fatty acid mixture, which had a composition similar to that of cheese, suppressed the bitterness of 0.008% quinine hydrochloride to be equivalent to that of 0.0049-0.0060% and 0.5 mM oleic acid to that of 0.0032-0.0038% solution. The binding potential between oleic acid and the bitter compounds was estimated by isothermal titration calorimetry. These results suggest that oleic acid masked bitterness by forming a complex with the bitter compounds.  相似文献   

Identification of a Germicidal Compound against Picornavirus in Bamboo Pyroligneous Acid     

S Marumoto  SP Yamamoto  H Nishimura  K Onomoto  M Yatagai  K Yazaki  T Fujita  T Watanabe 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):9106-9111

The germicidal activity of pyroligneous acid (PA) against a picornavirus, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), was analyzed, and the component responsible for its disinfectant activity was identified. Bamboo PA (BPA) inactivated EMCV, but neutralization of BPA abolished this activity. Using liquid-liquid phase extraction and silica gel column chromatography, the hydrophobic active fraction of BPA was separated and its 12 major components were identified. The active fraction was reconstructed by mixing synthetic chemicals at the determined concentrations, and a subtraction series of one chemical from the complete mixture was prepared. An in vitro virus assay demonstrated that phenol was the sole germicidal component, and acetic acid augmented the phenol's inactivating activity resulting in >5-log decrease in EMCV infectivity. Considering the low environmental risk of PA, these findings suggest that BPA is a potentially useful agent for preventing viral epidemics in agricultural and human environments.  相似文献   

Nitrous oxide evolved from soil covered with plastic mulch film in horticultural field   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seiichi Nishimura  Michio Komada  Masako Takebe  Seiichiro Yonemura  Naoto Kato 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(7):787-795

Soil solarization practice, in which soil is covered with plastic mulch film and exposed to high temperature prior to crop cultivation, is expected to be an effective method for reducing weeds and pathogenic microorganisms without using agricultural chemicals. Although the production of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a major greenhouse gas, is enhanced in fertilized soil covered with plastic mulch films, its transport route to the atmosphere has not been sufficiently elucidated to date. In this study, we investigated the N₂O evolution from plastic-mulch-film-covered agricultural soil. In a horticultural field where ridge soil was covered with a plastic mulch film after fertilization, we observed significant N₂O flux from the soil surface of the unfertilized furrow between the ridges, indicating the horizontal diffusion of N₂O from the ridge soil covered with the mulch film to the adjacent furrow soil surface. On the other hand, the measurement of the permeance (permeation coefficient) of the plastic mulch film for gaseous N₂O by laboratory experiment revealed that N₂O gradually permeated the mulch film; the permeance increased exponentially with an increase in ambient temperature, indicating possible N₂O emission by permeation through the mulch film under field conditions. In winter, the amount of N₂O emission by permeation through the mulch film was estimated to be lower than that emitted from the furrow soil surface, and it was lower than that in summer. On the other hand, it was estimated to be much higher in summer owing to the higher permeance of the film at high temperatures.  相似文献   

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of CMY-2 β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from cattle in Japan     

Sugawara M  Komori J  Kawakami M  Izumiya H  Watanabe H  Akiba M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(3):345-349

Isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium obtained from two different farms in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, in 2007 were characterized in order to determine the genetic basis of resistance. ESC resistance in the two isolates was mediated by an AmpC β-lactamase encoded by the bla(CMY-2) gene, which is located in a large self-transmissible plasmid in each isolate. The sizes of the bla(CMY-2)-carrying plasmids were different. The replicon types of the plasmids were I1-Iγ and A/C. The results of macrorestriction analysis and phage typing suggest a close relationship between both isolates. This is the first report of ESC-resistant S. Typhimurium isolated from cattle in Japan.  相似文献   

Computed tomographic lymphangiography via intra‐metatarsal pad injection is feasible in dogs with chylothorax     

Lee‐Shuan Lin  Hsien‐Chieh Chiu  Ryohei Nishimura  Reina Fujiwara  Cheng‐Shu Chung 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2020,61(4):435-443

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Establishment of an in vitro culture model to study milk production and the blood–milk barrier with bovine mammary epithelial cells     

Yusaku Tsugami  Norihiro Suzuki  Manabu Kawahara  Takahiro Suzuki  Takanori Nishimura  Ken Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

This study attempted to establish a culture model to recreate the milk production pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). BMECs were isolated from Holstein cows (nonlactating, nonpregnant, and parous) and were stored by cryopreservation. To separate the apical and basolateral compartments, BMECs were cultured on a cell culture insert with a collagen gel in the presence of bovine pituitary extract and dexamethasone to induce milk production and tight junction (TJ) formation. The culture model showed the secretion of the major milk components, such as β‐casein, lactose, and triglyceride, and formed less‐permeable TJs in BMECs. Moreover, the TJs were distinctly separated from the apical and basolateral membranes. Glucose transporter‐1, which transports glucose into the cytoplasm through the basolateral membrane, localized in the lateral membrane of BMECs. Toll‐like receptor‐4, which binds to lipopolysaccharide in the alveolar lumen in mastitis, localized in the apical membrane. Beta‐casein was mainly localized near the Golgi apparatus and the apical membrane. Moreover, milk components were almost secreted into the upper chamber of the cell culture insert. These findings indicate that this model has clear cell polarity as well as in vivo and is effective to study of milk production and the blood–milk barrier in lactating BMECs.  相似文献   

Histopathological significance of microRNA-210 expression in acute peripheral ischemia in a murine femoral artery ligation model     

Yuichi Takai  Satoshi Nishimura  Hitoshi Kandori  Takeshi Watanabe 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2020,33(4):211

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Sequential transformation rates of soil organic sulfur fractions in two-step mineralization process     

Toko Tanikawa  Kyotaro Noguchi  Kenichi Nakanishi  Hidetoshi Shigenaga  Junko Nagakura  Hisao Sakai  Akio Akama  Masamichi Takahashi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(2):225-237

To understand the organic sulfur (S) stabilization in volcanic soils, we investigated organic S transformation rates and their relationships to soil properties in incubation experiments using forest soils from the Nikko volcanic region, central Japan. We hypothesized that carbon (C)-bonded S would first be transformed into ester sulfate-S and then into inorganic sulfate-S. We separately calculated the rates of decrease of C-bonded S (velocity 1, v ₁) and ester sulfate-S (velocity 2, v ₂) concentrations. During incubation, the ester sulfate-S concentration increased in two soils characterized by a high concentration of both ammonium oxalate-extractable aluminum (Al_o) and pyrophosphate-extractable Al (Al_p), whereas the C-bonded S concentration decreased in all soils. A large proportion of the S that was lost in the incubation experiments consisted of C-bonded S rather than ester sulfate-S. Velocity 2 was negatively correlated with both of Al_o and Al_p contents when soils were incubated at 20 °C. These results suggest that when C-bonded S is transformed into ester sulfate-S, complete mineralization to inorganic sulfate is inhibited, because ester sulfate-S is stabilized due to organo–mineral association. Incubation temperatures significantly affected v ₂. Thus, production of inorganic sulfate by mineralization of ester sulfate-S appeared to be regulated by soil Al contents and temperatures. Velocity 1 was proportional to soil pH ranging from 4.5 to 5.5, indicating that the degradation of C-bonded S is pH dependent.  相似文献   

QTL analysis of panicle morphology response to irrigation regime in aerobic rice culture     

Yoichiro Kato  Keisuke Nemoto  Junko Yamagishi   《Field Crops Research》2009,114(2):295-303

In water-efficient rice production, grain yield is often constrained by panicle size. The objective of this study was to genetically dissect the response of panicle morphology to irrigation regimes in aerobic rice culture. We grew ‘Akihikari’ (a lowland japonica cultivar) × ‘IRAT109’ (an upland japonica cultivar) backcross inbred lines in aerobic soils with full or limited irrigation for 2 years, and examined 4 panicle traits—number of florets per panicle (FPP), number of primary branches per panicle (BPP), number of florets per primary branch (FPB), and frequency of pre-flowering floret abortion (%FA)—and grain yield. QTLs for BPP were detected in both the irrigation regimes but QTLs for FPB and %FA were detected mostly only in either of the irrigation regimes. The QTL for FPP on chromosome 2 (RM3421–RM213) coincided with that for yield under full irrigation, showing that this QTL is related to sink capacity and yield potential in aerobic rice culture. On the other hand, the QTL for FPB on chromosome 1 (RM3148–RM243) coincided with that for yield under limited irrigation, when water deficit was moderate. The QTL for root axis length at vegetative stage, previously identified in the same mapping population, was located near this region. This study unravelled the complicated genetic control on panicle morphology in aerobic rice culture, and suggested the positive roles of the dehydration avoidance mechanism by vigorous root growth on panicle size and yield under dry soil conditions.  相似文献