Magnetic resonance imaging findings of neuroaxonal dystrophy in a papillon puppy     

Tamura S  Tamura Y  Uchida K 《The Journal of small animal practice》2007,48(8):458-461

A 3.5-month-old papillon puppy was brought to our clinic with chief complaints of progressive quadriparesis, ataxia and head tremor. Lesions in the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord were suspected on the basis of a neurological examination. No abnormality was found in a clinicopathological examination or on magnetic resonance imaging. On the basis of these results differential diagnoses including an inflammatory disease, a degenerative condition or a storage disorder were considered. Subsequently, the signs progressed and glossoplegia and dysphagia developed at six months of age. At a second magnetic resonance imaging, severe atrophy of the entire brain was found. After these examinations, the puppy was euthanased and histopathologically diagnosed with neuroaxonal dystrophy. Because magnetic resonance imaging detected abnormal features that were characteristic of neuroaxonal dystrophy in this case, we speculate that magnetic resonance imaging can assist in the pre-mortem diagnosis of this disease.  相似文献   

Culicoides biting midges at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa     

Labuschagne K  Gerber LJ  Espie I  Carpenter S 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2007,74(4):343-347

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the transmission of a large number of pathogens to livestock and wild animals. In this study the presence of the genus, using light traps based at four different sites within the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, was investigated during 2002-2004. In total, 37 species were recorded, including large numbers of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913, which is responsible for the transmission of economically important arboviruses in South Africa, Europe, Middle and Far East. These results are discussed with reference to the wider Culicoides fauna in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa, their vector competence as well as biosecurity at the National Zoological Gardens.  相似文献   

Enhancement of enrofloxacin serum antibacterial activity by calcium primed broilers     

Aguilera R  Gutiérrez OL  Sumano LH 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(1):80-84

The aim of this trial was to assess the effect that calcium gluconate priming of 468 broilers has on the antibacterial activity of a standard dose of enrofloxacin. Hence, a series of oral pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in four groups of broilers medicated individually through an oral cannula as follows: group A, medicated only with enrofloxacin 10mg/kg; group B, receiving immediately one after the other, calcium gluconate (200mg/kg) and enrofloxacin 10mg/kg; group C, dosed first with calcium gluconate (200mg/kg) and 1h later enrofloxacin (10mg/kg); and group D, dosed first with calcium gluconate (200mg/kg) and 2h later enrofloxacin (10mg/kg). Broilers were bled at different times after the dose of enrofloxacin and antibacterial activity, measured as concentration of enrofloxacin, was measured by an agar diffusion assay. Results revealed that group D the greatest values of maximum serum concentration (Cs(max)), area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) and area under the moment curve (AUMC). These values were statistically higher than the corresponding ones derived from groups A, B and C (P<0.05). Taking Cs(max) and AUC values of group A as reference baseline, an increase of 24% and 50%, respectively, was obtained in group D. Group B had the lowest Cs(max), AUC, AUMC and elimination half life (T(1/2)beta) and these values were statistically different from groups A, C and D (P<0.05). The T(1/2)beta was statistically longer in groups C and D as compared with A and B, and the former groups were also different between each other (P<0.05). These results show that if calcium gluconate is first dosed to broilers and 2h later enrofloxacin is administered (as in group D), a more pronounced antibacterial activity of enrofloxacin can be obtained. A challenge of this sequential dosing scheme in a field trial may reveal its clinical value.  相似文献   

Plasma leptin concentration in dogs: effects of body condition score, age, gender and breeds     

Ishioka K  Hosoya K  Kitagawa H  Shibata H  Honjoh T  Kimura K  Saito M 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(1):11-15

Leptin is a cytokine produced by adipocytes, and plays a key role in the regulation of energy balance. In the present study, we measured plasma leptin concentrations of 166 normal and obese dogs visiting veterinary practices, and clarified the influence of age, gender and breed on plasma leptin levels in dogs. Leptin levels were higher in the dogs with higher body condition scores. There was no noticeable influence of age, gender and breed, but those in optimal puppies and obese Miniature Dachshund tended to be lower than those in corresponding groups. We conclude that plasma leptin is a reliable marker of adiposity in dogs regardless of age, gender and breed variations, and thereby useful as a blood biochemistry test for health examinations and treatment of obesity.  相似文献   

Predation performance and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to insecticides used in brassica crops     

Rogério Lira  Deividy Vicente do Nascimento  Paulo Roberto Ramos Barbosa  Alvin M. Simmons  Jorge Braz Torres 《Pest management science》2023,79(8):2704-2712

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Changes in the herbicide sensitivity and competitive ability of Abutilon theophrasti over 28 years: Implications for hormesis and weed evolution     

Sandra R. Ethridge  Saket Chandra  Anna M. Locke  Wesley J. Everman  David L. Jordan  Micheal D.K. Owen  Ramon G. Leon 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):4048-4056

BACKGROUND

The potential of weed species to respond to selection forces affecting the evolution of weedy traits such as competitive ability is poorly understood. This research characterized evolutionary growth changes in a single Abutilon theophrasti Medik. population comparing multiple generations collected from 1988 to 2016. A competition study was performed to understand changes in competitive ability, and a herbicide dose–response study was carried out to assess changes in sensitivity to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate over time.

RESULTS

When grown in monoculture, A. theophrasti biomass production per plant increased steadily across year-lines while leaf number decreased. In replacement experiments, A. theophrasti plants from newer year-lines were more competitive and produced more biomass and leaf area than the oldest year-line. No clear differences in sensitivity to imazamox were observed among year-lines. However, starting in 1995, this A. theophrasti population exhibited a progressive increase in growth in response to a sublethal dose of glyphosate (52 g a.e. ha⁻¹), with the 2009 and 2016 year-lines having more than 50% higher biomass than the nontreated control.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that weeds can rapidly evolve increased competitive ability. Furthermore, the results indicate the possibility of changes in glyphosate hormesis over time. These results highlight the importance of the role that rapid (i.e., subdecadal) evolution of growth traits might have on the sustainability of weed management strategies. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Synthesis,insecticidal activity,and ensembled docking of nitroguanidines bearing S- and R-proline     

Alfredo Rodríguez-Hernández  Israel Bonilla-Landa  Abraham Vidal-Limon  Arturo Ibarra-Juárez  Felipe Barrera-Méndez  Francisco Javier Enríquez Medrano  Ramón E. Díaz de León  José Luis Olivares-Romero 《Pest management science》2023,79(5):1912-1921

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Comparison between the penetration characteristics of methyl bromide and ethanedinitrile through the bark of pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) logs     

Matthew K.D. Hall  Anthony R. Adlam 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1442-1451

BACKGROUND

Ethanedinitrile (EDN) is a fumigant being commercialized worldwide as an alternative phytosanitary treatment to methyl bromide (MB) for forest products. The penetration characteristics of MB and EDN were measured through the bark of wooden blocks (100 × 100 × 50 mm) cut from the upper (average bark thickness 5 ± 2 mm) and lower (average bark thickness 25 ± 5 mm) trunk of recently felled pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) trees. Doses of 48 g m⁻³ MB and 50 g m⁻³ EDN were applied to chambers at 10 and 20°C for 10 h.

RESULTS

Penetration of MB was influenced by the interaction between fumigation time and temperature, with concentrations increasing at a higher rate at 20°C compared with at 10°C. After 10 h, an average concentration of 8.05 ± 0.89 g m⁻³ had penetrated the bark of log sections at 20°C, whereas 5.20 ± 0.89 g m⁻³ was measured at 10°C. By contrast, the factors examined in this study did not significantly impact the penetration of EDN. Concentration × time (CT) values for MB under the bark were 35.20 ± 2.30 g h m⁻³ at 10°C and 55.85 ± 9.58 g h m⁻³ at 20°C; whereas for EDN, CT values were 19.50 ± 6.80 g h m⁻³ at 10°C and 19.08 ± 4.10 g h m⁻³ at 20°C.

CONCLUSION

MB can achieve a higher concentration under the bark of log sections during simulated fumigations, but all of the factors examined affected the ability of MB to penetrate the bark of wooden blocks. By comparison, the penetration of EDN through the bark is more consistent than MB under laboratory conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Discovery of novel (N-aryl-4-methylpiperidinyl)pyrazoles: a new class of potent lepidopteran insecticides     

Thomas F. Pahutski  Omar K. Ahmad  Eric A. Marshall  Kathleen Joraski  James D. Barry  Craig Keathley  Daniel Cordova  Eric Benner  David Nesnow  Laurie Christianson  Rachel D. Slack  George P. Lahm 《Pest management science》2023,79(5):1743-1749

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Detection of Ecballium elaterium in hedgerow olive orchards using a low-cost uncrewed aerial vehicle and open-source algorithms     

Jorge Torres-Sánchez  Francisco Javier Mesas-Carrascosa  Fernando Pérez-Porras  Francisca López-Granados 《Pest management science》2023,79(2):645-654

BACKGROUND

Ecballium elaterium (common name: squirting cucumber) is an emerging weed problem in hedgerow or superintensive olive groves under no tillage. It colonizes the inter-row area infesting the natural or sown cover crops, and is considered a hard-to-control weed. Research in other woody crops has shown E. elaterium has a patchy distribution, which makes this weed susceptible to design a site-specific control strategy only addressed to E. elaterium patches. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a methodology based on the analysis of imagery acquired with an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and map E. elaterium infestations in hedgerow olive orchards.

RESULTS

The study was conducted in two superintensive olive orchards, and the images were taken using a UAV equipped with an RGB sensor. Flights were conducted on two dates: in May, when there were various weeds infesting the orchard, and in September, when E. elaterium was the only infesting weed. UAV-orthomosaics in the first scenario were classified using random forest models, and the orthomosaics from September with E. elaterium as the only weed, were analyzed using an unsupervised algorithm. In both cases, the overall accuracies were over 0.85, and the producer's accuracies for E. elaterium ranged between 0.74 and 1.00.

CONCLUSION

These results allow the design of a site-specific and efficient herbicide control protocol which would represent a step forward in sustainable weed management. The development of these algorithms in free and open-source software fosters their application in small and medium farms. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献