Components of electroencephalographic responses to slaughter in halothane-anaesthetised calves: Effects of cutting neck tissues compared with major blood vessels     

TJ Gibson  CB Johnson  JC Murrell  JP Chambers  KJ Stafford  DJ Mellor 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):84-89

AIM: To identify whether cutting neck tissues or cutting major blood vessels initiates the mechanisms responsible for electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to slaughter by ventral-neck incision without prior stunning in halothane-anaesthetised calves.

METHODS: Calves were assigned to two groups, viz transection of neck tissues with intact blood circulation through the brain (n=10), or transection of the major blood vessels of the neck but not most other neck tissues (n=7). They were minimally anaesthetised with halothane, using an established anaesthesia protocol. The animals in the neck-tissue transection group had their carotid arteries and jugular veins exposed and cannulated proximal and distal to the proposed site of subsequent ventral-neck incision; this diverted blood fl ow through these vessels so that cerebral perfusion and drainage were preserved. In animals in the blood-vessel transection group, the carotid arteries and jugular veins were exposed bilaterally by surgical dissection. They were then transected without further damage to the remaining structures of the neck. Changes in the median frequency (F50), 95% spectral edge frequency (F95), total power of the EEG (Ptot), and arterial blood pressure were compared within each group before and after neck-tissue or blood-vessel transection, and between groups following treatments.

RESULTS: Neck-tissue transection resulted in little overall change in the F50, an increase in the F95, and an initial increase in Ptot followed by a transient decrease and eventual return to pre-treatment values. There was between-animal variation in these EEG parameters. Transection of the major blood vessels of the neck resulted in a decrease in F50 in most animals; changes in F95 were highly variable, and there was a decrease in Ptot.

CONCLUSIONS: The EEG responses seen following necktissue and blood-vessel transection were qualitatively distinct, and suggested that cutting neck tissues caused greater noxious sensory input than transection of only the major blood vessels of the neck. These observations support the conclusion that the EEG responses seen after ventral-neck incision in intact animals are primarily due to noxious stimulation as a result of incision of ventral-neck tissues and not mainly as a result of loss of blood flow through the brain.  相似文献   

Blood metabolites and body temperature of single calves between 1 and 4 days of age in a dairy herd in New Zealand     

TJ Diesch  KJ Stafford  RN Ward 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):256-260

AIM: Using specified indices, to determine the nutritional and thermal status of calves between 1 and 4 days of age.

METHODS: After birth, calves (n=106) were collected daily, according to farm practice. Over the following 4 days a jugular blood sample and rectal temperature were taken twice daily before feeding. Plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were determined. The significance of differences in plasma composition and rectal temperature between calves whose birth had been assisted or unassisted, and between calves with low and high plasma GGT activities 24 h after birth, was determined using repeated measures analysis of varianc

RESULTS: There were no marked differences in plasma metabolite levels or body temperature of assisted and unassisted calves. Calves that had high plasma GGT activities 24 h after birth had higher plasma glucose concentrations over the 4 days than calves that had low plasma GGT activities (p<0.001). Overall, compared to published data on poorly-fed and hypothermic calves, calves in this study were normoglycaemic, their plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea concentrations were low and their rectal temperatures were normal, indicating that they were well fed and did not become hypothermic.

CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional and thermal status of at least 90% of the calves was compatible with good health and survival during the first 4 days after birth.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a morantel–abamectin combination for the treatment of resistant ascarids in foals          下载免费PDF全文

EJA Wilkes  FF McConaghy  RL Thompson  K Dawson  NC Sangster  KJ Hughes 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(3):85-88

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Equine pharmacology. C Cole,B Bentz and L Maxwell (editors). Wiley Blackwell, 2015. 320 pages. Price A$142.29. ISBN 9780813822624.          下载免费PDF全文

KJ Hughes 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(3):88-88

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Unilateral ataxia and head tilt in a 7-year-old Thoroughbred stallion     

KJ HUGHES  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(4):136-137

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GONADAL DOSAGE IN RADIOGRAPHY OF THE COXOFEMORAL JOINT OF THE BULL     

A. K. W. WOOD  M.V.Sc.  Dip. Vet. Rad.    M. A. de B. BLOCKEY  M.V.Sc.    K. M. REYNOLDS  M.I.R.  A.R.M.I.T.    I. S. LEITH  BSc.  P. A. BURNS  F.R.M.I.T. 《Australian veterinary journal》1974,50(3):130-131

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Associations between liveweight,body condition score and previous reproductive outcomes,and the risk of ewes bred at 18-months of age being dry at docking     

KJ Griffiths  AL Ridler  C Heuer  RA Corner-Thomas  PR Kenyon 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(6):290-296

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Entrainment of larval fish assemblages from the inner shelf into the East Australian Current and into the western Tasman Front     

T. J. MULLANEY  A. G. MISKIEWICZ  M. E. BAIRD  P. T. P. BURNS  I. M. SUTHERS 《Fisheries Oceanography》2011,20(5):434-447

Entrainment and transport of larval fish assemblages by the East Australian Current (EAC) were examined from the coastal waters of northern New South Wales (NSW) to the western Tasman Front, via the separation of the EAC from the coast, during the austral spring of 2004. Shore‐normal transects from the coast to the EAC off northern NSW revealed an inner shelf assemblage of near‐shore families (Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Platycephalidae and Triglidae), an EAC assemblage dominated by Myctophidae and Gonostomatidae, and a broadly distributed assemblage over the continental shelf dominated by Scombridae and Carangidae. Further south and after the EAC had separated from the coast, we observed a western Tasman Front assemblage of inner shelf and shelf families (Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Serranidae, Scombridae, Carangidae, Bothidae and Macroramphosidae). The abundance of these families declined with distance from the coast. Surprisingly, there was no distinctive or abundant larval fish assemblage in the chlorophyll‐ and zooplankton‐enriched waters of the Tasman Sea. Water type properties (temperature‐salinity, T‐S), the larval fish assemblages and family‐specific T‐S signatures revealed the western Tasman Front to be an entrained mix of EAC and coastal water types. We found an abundance of commercially important species including larval sardine (Sardinops sagax, Clupeidae), blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus, Scombridae) and anchovy (Engraulis australis, Engraulidae). The entrainment and transport of larval fish from the northern inner shelf to the western Tasman Front by the EAC reflects similar processes with the Gulf Stream Front and the Kuroshio Extension.  相似文献   

The welfare significance of the castration of cattle: A review     

KJ Stafford  DJ Mellor 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):271-278

Castration is an ancient husbandry procedure used to produce docile cattle for draught work, to reduce unwanted breeding, and to modify carcass quality. All the physical methods used to castrate cattle have side-effects and cause pain. The plasma cortisol response to castration using Burdizzo clamps and, by inference, the acute pain experienced, is less than that caused by surgical, rubber-ring or latex-band castration. The cortisol response may be influenced by the age of the animal castrated, but this has not been well defined. Local anaesthesia virtually eliminates the cortisol response, and thus the acute pain, caused by rubber-ring or latex-band castration, but needs to be combined with a systemic analgesic such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen to eliminate the cortisol response to Burdizzo or surgical castration. When used alone, ketoprofen sometimes reduces the cortisol response to Burdizzo or surgical castration but may need to be accompanied by local anaesthesia to eliminate the pain-induced behaviour seen during the castration process itself. Thus, pharmacological methods are available to virtually eliminate the acute pain experienced by calves during the 12 h following castration. The use of these methods is an additional cost for farmers and may be limited by the availability of drugs for farmers to use and the scarcity of veterinarians in farm animal practice.  相似文献   

A MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE REDISTRIBUTION OF SALTS APPLIED TO FALLOW SOILS AFTER EXCESS RAINFALL OR EVAPORATION   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. G. BURNS 《European Journal of Soil Science》1974,25(2):165-178

A model is described for predicting the movement of soluble unadsorbed anions (such as nitrate or chloride) in fallow freely drained soil under field conditions. The model includes routines for estimating both the downward leaching of salts (after excess rainfall or irrigation) and the capillary movement of anions to the soil surface (after evaporation). The profile is divided into layers each of which is characterized by a maximum and minimum water content (the field capacity and evaporation limit respectively). Daily amounts of rainfall and evaporation are applied to the surface and the redistribution of water and salts is calculated (on a layer-to-layer basis) from the initial water and salt contents of each layer by adding or subtracting water to or from the moisture content until the stated maximum or minimum value is reached. Salt transfer is calculated from the amount af water movement on a proportional basis. The predictions of the model have been tested using field data for the redistribution of nitrate and chloride in a sandy loam soil. Good agreement was obtained for chloride, but the results for nitrate showed some deviations probably due to the effects of denitrification.  相似文献