Comparison of tracheal aspirates before and after high-speed treadmill exercise in racehorses     

Malikides N  Hughes KJ  Hodgson JL 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(10):414-419

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether percentages of neutrophils in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples collected from racehorses are increased after exercise and whether interpretation of results from TA samples taken before and after exercise agree. DESIGN: Case series of 40 young Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in race training presented for evaluation of poor performance. PROCEDURE: TA samples were collected endoscopically from racehorses presented for poor performance 24 h before and 1 to 2 h after high speed treadmill exercise testing. Aliquots of the retrieved fluid were cytocentrifuged and smears were stained with Diff-Quik. Mean neutrophil counts were expressed as percentages of the total number of inflammatory cells counted and subsequently were categorised as either above or below an accepted cut-off of 20%. Comparisons between percentages of neutrophils before and after exercise were made. RESULTS: Percentage of neutrophils from TA samples obtained from racehorses after exercise was significantly higher than neutrophil percentages from TA samples collected from the same horse before exercise. In horses with TA specimens that were categorised as having < or = 20% neutrophils before treadmill exercise, the percentage of neutrophils in their TA specimens after exercise was, on average, significantly higher and was greater than the cut-off value of 20%. CONCLUSION: Recent strenuous exercise may change the proportion of neutrophils in lower airways of racehorses and practitioners should be aware of this when collecting and interpreting the results from TA samples. The most practical time for collection of a TA sample to obtain the most diagnostically useful information might be after a suitable washout period of at least 1 to 2 h post-exercise.  相似文献   

Mental health in the veterinary profession: an individual or organisational focus?     

KR Hilton  KJ Burke  T Signal 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(1-2):41-48

The veterinary profession is experiencing a shortage of veterinarians, with attrition recognised as a substantial contributor. Research has also indicated increased levels of mental ill health and alarming suicide rates in practitioners. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of eleven modifiable workplace factors on mental health outcomes, job appreciation and intention to leave the veterinary profession. The second aim was to ascertain whether workplace factors influence mental health outcomes after controlling for individual resilience. An online survey was completed by 73 practising Australian veterinarians. Unfavourable workplace factors correlated with adverse outcomes including depression, stress, reduced job appreciation and increased likelihood of leaving both the role and the profession. Workplace factors remained linked with the outcomes of job appreciation, depression and stress whilst controlling for practitioner resilience. Job appreciation was a significant predictor of intention to leave both the current role and the profession. Via multiple linear regression, two categories were identified as associated with improved psychological outcomes and job appreciation. These were workplace factors that represent breaks from workload and control or decision latitude in the workplace. Whilst resilience represents a key area for intervention, workplace factors potentially represent an easier-to-modify area for intervention.  相似文献   

Using morphometrics to identify sex in the eastern blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides)     

A Bird  D Monks  IP Hughes 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(7):282-290

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Tests to determine LC50 and discriminating doses for macrocyclic lactones against the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus     

Sabatini GA  Kemp DH  Hughes S  Nari A  Hansen J 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,95(1):53-62

Laboratory tests were carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus to determine the toxicity of macrocyclic lactone acaricides (MLs). Technical and commercial MLs were used in larval packet test (LPT), larval immersion test (LIT) and adult immersion test (AIT). In LIT and AIT the toxicity of MLs was much higher than for LPT. In the AIT, diluting the injectable formulation of MLs in water was as effective as dilution in ethanol+Triton X-100. LC50, LC99.9 and 95% confidence limits were determined so that a discriminating dose (DD) could be set for larval and adult tests in order to diagnose potential resistance to MLs in field samples of the tick. These DDs are for Australian strains of B. microplus and may not be suitable for other strains until further work is carried out.The value of these diagnostic tests can only be verified if or when resistance to MLs emerges in ticks.  相似文献   

Enhanced efficiency of electrostatically charged insecticide aerosols     

Whitmore LF  Hughes JF  Harrison N  Abela M  O'Rourke P 《Pest management science》2001,57(5):432-436

The bioefficacy of a standard domestic aerosol insecticide has been compared with that of a similar spray in which the droplets were electrostatically charged. The aerosol was charged without the need for an external power supply, by enhancing natural charge separation processes that occur during atomisation. The charge-to-mass ratio achieved was 1.1 x 10(-4) C kg-1, compared with 2.2 x 10(-5) C kg-1 for the standard aerosol. Efficiency was assessed for insects in free flight. A direct space-spray application method was used to study the bioefficacy of these aerosols on houseflies, Musca domestica, and an indirect space-spray method on houseflies and mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus. Two levels of concentration of active ingredients were compared. At low concentrations of 1.57 g kg-1 of bioallethrin and 0.29 g kg-1 of bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol achieved a significant reduction in KDT50 (time at which 50% of the flies were knocked down), compared with the standard aerosol. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 50%, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 40%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 22%. With higher active ingredient concentrations of 2.09 g kg-1 for bioallethrin and 0.39 g kg-1 for bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol also demonstrated faster knockdown than the standard, but the improvement was less marked. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 21% compared with the standard aerosol, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 16%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 24%. The percentage mortality after 24 h was also increased with the charged aerosol. Charge carried by the droplets results in increased interception of the insecticide, as the droplets are attracted to the insects in flight and space charge effects within the aerosol could cause improved dispersion in the test chamber.  相似文献   

Foliar infection of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) by Phytophthora ramorum in the UK     

S. Denman  S. A. Kirk  C. M. Brasier  K. J. D. Hughes  R. Griffin  E. Hobdon  J. F. Webber 《Plant pathology》2005,54(4):581-581

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用公猪刺激小母猪发情中的注意事项     

Paul Hughes  魏成法  刘燕 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2001,(3):39-40

许多猪场只是充分应用了现有的知识并注意了其细节 ,就提高了其小母猪的生产成绩  相似文献   

Demonstration in live chickens of the carrier state in infectious laryngotracheitis     

C S Hughes  R C Jones  R M Gaskell  F T Jordan  J M Bradbury 《Research in veterinary science》1987,42(3):407-410

Two separate groups of nine-week-old specific pathogen free cockerels maintained in isolation were infected with a field strain of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus, either by intratracheal or combined intranasal and supraconjunctival inoculation. Birds were monitored for virus shedding from five sites on alternate days during the acute phase and three times weekly until week 17. They were then treated with cyclophosphamide on three consecutive days and thereafter swabbed daily. During the acute phase clinical signs were observed and virus was recovered from ocular and nasal sites for up to six to eight days. Initially after the acute phase no virus could be detected. However, from the seventh week after infection intermittent, apparently spontaneous shedding was detected in four of five birds in each group. There was no clear effect of cyclophosphamide treatment on re-excretion patterns, possibly because of the high levels of virus shedding already occurring. Thus, a carrier state for ILT virus has been demonstrated experimentally in live clinically recovered birds.  相似文献   

Early migration of immature Fasciola hepatica and associated liver pathology in cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T G Doy  D L Hughes 《Research in veterinary science》1984,37(2):219-222

Immature Fasciola hepatica were successfully recovered from the body cavity of cattle from two to 21 days after oral infection. Flukes had penetrated the liver in large numbers by day 7 but there did not appear to be a corresponding reduction in the numbers recovered from the body cavity. Liver pathology showed a typical progressive tissue disruption with a neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration by day 7 and a marked eosinophil response from day 14. The mesothelium of the liver capsule underwent metaplasia, becoming ultimately highly active and columnar.  相似文献   

The low incidence of leptospirosis in British deer     

G I Twigg  D M Hughes  A McDiarmid 《The Veterinary record》1973,93(4):98-100

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