Linking stakeholder research needs and the Federal Data Quality Act: A case study of an endangered forest shrub in the southeastern United States     

Brian Roy Lockhart  Emile S. Gardiner  Theodor D. Leininger  Kristina F. Connor  Margaret S. Devall  Paul B. Hamel  Tracy Hawkins  Nathan M. Schiff  A. Dan Wilson 《Forest Policy and Economics》2009,11(8):539-547

The need for knowledge, ranging from development of new products or processes to the effects of specific actions on the environment, is greater now than at any point in the past. The greater need for research has generated stakeholder involvement in the research process. As a result, all facets of research, from planning through publication of results, are often scrutinized by stakeholders. While the basic nature of scientific inquiry has not changed, now more than ever the credibility of scientific results is based on thorough planning, peer reviews of experimental designs and analytical approaches, and assurance that data are of the highest quality. Public interest in the quality and accuracy of federal research rose to a level that resulted in the Data Quality Act of 2001. The Act required the establishment of guidelines for Federal research organizations and cooperators. We present a case study of the U. S. Forest Service's policies for research quality assurance and quality control, including developing quality assurance statements and plans, as applied to comprehensive research on the federally-listed, endangered forest shrub pondberry (Lindera melissifolia (Walt.) Blume).  相似文献   

PCR detection and characterization of type-2 porcine circovirus.   总被引：30，自引：1，他引：29       下载免费PDF全文

A L Hamel  L L Lin  C Sachvie  E Grudeski    G P Nayar 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2000,64(1):44-52

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detecting porcine circovirus (PCV). The assay readily detected type-2 PCV (PCV-2) and type-1 PCV (PCV-1). The PCR primers were designed based on DNA sequences conserved in all reported PCV genomes. Type 1 PCV and type 2 PCV both produced 438 bp amplification products, which were easily identified and differentiated from one another by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Porcine circovirus was detected in 55% (931/1693) of randomly tested pigs with various clinical signs and lesions, most of which were difficult to differentiate from those associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). The PCR products from all positive clinical samples were identified by RFLP to be only PCV-2; DNA tested by PCR was extracted directly from one or more of lung, mesenteric or mediastinal lymph nodes, and tonsil. Type 2 PCV was also detected in 6% (2/34) of DNA extracted directly from semen of randomly chosen healthy boars. Positive PCR reactions from 554 diseased pigs were characterized by RFLP and categorized into 5 different profiles (A-E), of which 82.8% were PCV-2A (456/554), 3.0% were PCV-2B (17/554), 9.9% were PCV-2C (55/554), 1.1% were PCV-2D (6/554), and 3.2% were PCV-2E (18/554). The complete genomic nucleotide sequences of PCV-2A, B, C, D, and E were determined and found to have at least 95% homology compared with one another and with all other PCV-2 found in the GenBank database. All PCV-2 had less than 76% homology with PCV-1. This PCR assay will hopefully be useful to veterinary diagnostic laboratories for routine testing and surveillance of infection with PCV-2. The RFLP profiling system might be useful for preliminary characterization and identification of PCV isolates and might also benefit studies on the molecular epidemiology of PCV.  相似文献   

Persistent efficacy of abamectin and doramectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle     

PF ROLFE  KL DAWSON  MD SOLL  GK NICHOLS  WG RYAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(1):33-35

Objective To assess the persistent activity of injectable formulations of abamectin and doramectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.
Design Controlled slaughter study assessing residual efficacy.
Procedure Nematode-free calves were treated with abamectin or doramectin (each at a dose of 200 μg/kg) and infections then induced with repeated doses of infective larvae of Trichostrongylus axei, Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia species. The duration of challenge ranged from 14 to 28 days. The calves were slaughtered at either 38/39 or 45/46 days after the treatments and nematodes recovered from the gastro-intestinal tract.
Results Significant reductions in numbers of O ostertagi occurred for both abamectin and doramectin treatments (> 93%) relative to counts in untreated calves, when challenge was administered up to 21 days after treatment. For T axei and Cooperia spp significant reductions occurred when the challenge occurred for 14 days after treatment (99%). Although differences from untreated animals were not significant, the results for H placei suggested high efficacy (> 85%) for up to 21 days for doramectin and up to 28 days for abamectin.
Conclusion There was no significant difference between abamectin and doramectin for any parasite at any challenge point, indicating that there is equivalent persistent activity of doramectin and abamectin against important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.  相似文献   

Analytical determination of the distribution of flumethrin on the body surface of cattle following topical pour-on application.     

W Stendel  H D Hamel  H U Sieveking  D Brühne 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,42(1-2):137-143

By means of chemical analysis, the distribution behaviour of flumethrin was determined in the hair coat of cattle following topical pour-on application. Flumethrin was applied at 1 mg active ingredient (a.i.) kg-1 body weight along the backline of cattle. It was demonstrated that this compound could be recovered from all hair samples taken on Day 1 following application from dorsal, lateral, ventral and distal body regions in concentrations ranging from 670 to 1 micrograms a.i. g-1 hair, depending on the distance from the site of application. On Days 3, 5 and 10 after treatment, the corresponding concentrations were 125.0-1.5, 23.0-1.0, and 44.0-0.9 micrograms a.i. g-1 hair, respectively. When correlating these values to the body surface of cattle, it is evident that on all sample days and body regions, a concentration of more than 0.01 microgram a.i. cm-2 body surface was present. This amount of active substance is sufficient for effective acaricidal action, as shown by laboratory and field data.  相似文献   

Myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma with multifocal osseous metaplasia at the site of equine influenza vaccination     

NJ Kannegieter  KL Schaaf  DK Lovell  CD Simon  BM Stone 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(4):132-136

We describe a fibrosarcoma in a 12-year-old Quarterhorse × Arabian gelding as a sequela to equine influenza vaccination. Shortly after the second vaccination, swelling at the site was noticed by the owner and it continued to increase in size over the following 6 months. Biopsy of the mass indicated a fibrosarcoma had developed at the vaccination site. It was approximately 20 cm in diameter and elevated well above the level of the skin. There was no clinical evidence of metastases to the lungs or local lymph nodes. Surgical resection of the mass was performed and the wound healed by first and second intention. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed a myofibroblastic fibrosarcoma with multifocal osseous metaplasia. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first equine case of a vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma.  相似文献   

Erratum     

ML Lepherd  PJ Canfield  GB Hunt  PC Thomson  KL Bosward 《Australian veterinary journal》2011,89(7):238-238

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Prevalence of infestation with gastrointestinal nematodes in Pony Club horses in Victoria     

KL Flanagan  JM Morton  RM Sandeman 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(6):241-245

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Titres After Leptospiral Vaccines     

D.R. Ris  K.L. Hamel 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11)

Abstract

Extract

Sir, — It appears that Drs Marshall et al.⁽¹⁾ Marshall, R.B., Manktelow, B.W. and Scholium, L.M. 1982. Standardisation of serology for leptospirosis. N.Z. vet. J., 30: 126–126. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] have missed the cardinal point of our paper on an unusual serological response in calves after use of a leptospiral vaccine. ⁽²⁾ Marshall, R.B., Manktelow, B.W. and Scholium, L.M. 1982. Standardisation of serology for leptospirosis. N.Z. vet. J., 30: 126–126. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] That point, of course, was that after use of one leptospiral vaccine, but not another, post-vaccination microscopic agglutination titres of calves were indistinguishable from post-infection titres, whatever the actual titres may have been.  相似文献   

First detection of bovine noroviruses and detection of bovine coronavirus in Australian dairy cattle          下载免费PDF全文

SJ Symes  JL Allen  PD Mansell  KL Woodward  KE Bailey  JR Gilkerson  GF Browning 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(6):203-208

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A comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimental clinical specimens.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

K West  J Bogdan  A Hamel  G Nayar  P S Morley  D M Haines    J A Ellis 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1998,62(4):245-250

Virus shedding was monitored in nasal secretions of 12 calves experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) using an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting the nucleoprotein (NP) antigen of BRSV, by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying the fusion protein of BRSV, and by a microisolation assay combined with immunoperoxidase staining for the F protein of BRSV. Under the conditions of this study, similar limits of detection and quantitative results were obtained from all three assays. BRSV was detected in nasal secretions of all calves for a minimum of 4 d. Virus shedding began on Day 2 after infection, peaked on Days 3-5, and was cleared in most calves by Day 8. The PCR, and to a lesser extent the ELISA, may detect virus shedding for a longer period after infection than virus isolation, possibly due to neutralization of the virus by rising mucosal antibody. Simulated environmental conditions likely to be experienced during transport of clinical field specimens markedly reduced the sensitivity of virus isolation but had a minimal effect on the results of the NP ELISA. Actual field transport conditions (overnight on ice) had minimal apparent effect on the results of the PCR assay. The less stringent specimen handling requirements, combined with low limits of detection, of both the nucleoprotein ELISA and PCR, indicate either of these assays are more suitable for diagnostic applications than virus isolation.  相似文献