Concurrent respiratory and genital disease associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvo-vaginitis (IBR-IPV) virus in a dairy herd in the United Kingdom   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D F Collings  E P Gibbs  L P Stafford 《The Veterinary record》1972,91(9):214-219

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Zinc and copper concentrations in the plasma and hair of normal cats.     

A H van den Broek  W L Stafford  G Keay 《The Veterinary record》1992,131(22):512-513

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Approaches to teaching animal welfare at 13 veterinary schools worldwide     

Hewson CJ  Baranyiová E  Broom DM  Cockram MS  Galindo F  Hanlon AJ  Hanninen L  Hewson C  Lexer D  Mellor DJ  Molento CF  Odberg FO  Serpell JA  Maria Sisto A  Stafford KJ  Stookey JM  Waldau P 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2005,32(4):422-437

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The welfare significance of the castration of cattle: a review     

Stafford KJ  Mellor DJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2005,53(5):271-278

Castration is an ancient husbandry procedure used to produce docile cattle for draught work, to reduce unwanted breeding, and to modify carcass quality. All the physical methods used to castrate cattle have side-effects and cause pain. The plasma cortisol response to castration using Burdizzo clamps and, by inference, the acute pain experienced, is less than that caused by surgical, rubber-ring or latex-band castration. The cortisol response may be influenced by the age of the animal castrated, but this has not been well defined. Local anaesthesia virtually eliminates the cortisol response, and thus the acute pain, caused by rubber-ring or latex-band castration, but needs to be combined with a systemic analgesic such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen to eliminate the cortisol response to Burdizzo or surgical castration. When used alone, ketoprofen sometimes reduces the cortisol response to Burdizzo or surgical castration but may need to be accompanied by local anaesthesia to eliminate the pain-induced behaviour seen during the castration process itself. Thus, pharmacological methods are available to virtually eliminate the acute pain experienced by calves during the 12 h following castration. The use of these methods is an additional cost for farmers and may be limited by the availability of drugs for farmers to use and the scarcity of veterinarians in farm animal practice.  相似文献   

Antibodies to some swine diseases in commercial piggeries in Central Zambia.     

K Stafford  Y Stafford  D Paton  P Gamble 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1992,45(3-4):229-230

Blood samples were taken from 121 sows and gilts on 7 commercial piggeries located around Lusaka (Zambia). The samples tested negative for antibodies to Aujeszky's disease, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), swine influenza, hog cholera and brucellosis. Seventy-eight pigs from 5 farms had positive titres to porcine parvovirus. Eighteen sera showed positive titres to Leptospira celledoni.  相似文献   

Results of balloon valvuloplasty in 40 dogs with pulmonic stenosis     

Johnson MS  Martin M 《The Journal of small animal practice》2004,45(3):148-153

The records of 43 dogs presenting with severe pulmonic stenosis in which balloon valvuloplasty was attempted were reviewed. Thirty-four dogs (79 per cent) were symptomatic at initial presentation. All patients were selected for balloon valvuloplasty on the basis of a Doppler-derived trans-stenotic pressure gradient of over 80 mmHg and concurrent evidence of mild to severe right ventricular hypertrophy. Forty dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty; the procedure was not performed in three dogs because of an aberrant coronary artery in two cases and because catheterisation of the pulmonary artery was not possible in the third. Overall, 37 out of the 40 dogs (93 per cent) were successfully ballooned, resulting in a mean reduction in the pressure gradient of 46 per cent, with a mean pressure gradient of 124 mmHg on presentation and 67 mmHg six months after the procedure. Three dogs died during balloon valvuloplasty (all of which had a concurrent defect) and three dogs showed a poor clinical response to the procedure. Thus balloon valvuloplasty was successful and resulted in a sustained clinical improvement in 80 per cent of previously symptomatic cases. This study was undertaken to document the results of balloon valvuloplasty in a larger population of dogs than has previously been published.  相似文献   

Pulmonic stenosis in dogs: balloon dilation improves clinical outcome     

Johnson MS  Martin M  Edwards D  French A  Henley W 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(5):656-662

Medical records of 81 dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis from 2 referral centers were examined retrospectively. Forty dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty (BV), which was performed by 1 operator, whereas 41 did not. The mean age at latest follow-up was 41.5 months. A statistical comparison of the clinical outcome and survival was performed. Dogs revealing clinical signs at presentation showed a 16-fold increase in risk of death compared with asymptomatic dogs (P < .001). Statistical analyses demonstrated that an increase of 1 mm Hg in transstenotic pressure gradient (PG) at presentation was associated with a 3% increase in hazard rate (P < .001). Thirty-seven dogs survived BV with a median reduction in PG of 46%. The median preoperative PG was 120 mm Hg, and median PG 24 hours postoperatively was 55 mm Hg with a median of 55 mm Hg 6 months post-BV. Twenty (49%) of the non-BV (NBV) dogs remained asymptomatic at last follow-up. Fourteen (34%) of the NBV dogs died or were euthanized because of heart disease related to pulmonic stenosis. Twelve of these dogs died suddenly, whereas only 1 of the BV dogs died suddenly. After adjusting for PG, clinical signs at presentation, and age, BV or dilation was associated with a 53% reduction in hazard rate (P = .005). This study indicates that BV, when performed by an experienced operator, appears to be successful both in alleviating clinical signs and in prolonging survival in dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis.  相似文献   

Use of imidacloprid-permethrin to prevent transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from naturally infected Ixodes scapularis ticks to dogs     

Blagburn BL  Spencer JA  Billeter SA  Drazenovich NL  Butler JM  Land TM  Dykstra CC  Stafford KC  Pough MB  Levy SA  Bledsoe DL 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2004,5(3):212-217

One group of eight beagles was treated with a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin 7 days before exposure to Ixodes scapularis ticks that were naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A second group of eight beagles was not treated and was also exposed to infected ticks. Seven of eight non-treated dogs--but none of the treated dogs--developed specific antibodies to A. phagocytophilum. Results of this study indicate that a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin can prevent transmission of A. phagocytophilum to dogs if administered before exposure to infected ticks.  相似文献   

Persistence, serodiagnosis and effects on semen characteristics of artificial Brucella ovis infection in red deer stags     

Ridler AL  West DM  Stafford KJ  Wilson PR 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2006,54(2):85-90

AIMS: To investigate the persistence of infection and serum antibody titres after infection of red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags with Brucella ovis, and compare these with those of rams. To assess the effects of recent and chronic infection on semen characteristics of stags. METHODS: Fourteen stags and eight rams were artificially infected with B. ovis by intravenous inoculation. Semen and blood samples were collected at approximately monthly intervals for 649 days. Semen samples were subjected to bacterial culture, and sera were tested for B. ovis antibodies using a complement fixation test (CFT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the end of the study, animals were slaughtered and reproductive organs subjected to bacterial culture. During the first and second breeding seasons, three and five semen samples, respectively, were evaluated from each stag for sperm motility and morphology. RESULTS: Twelve of 14 (86%) stags and 6/8 (75%) rams developed a patent B. ovis infection and shed the organism in semen. All six infected rams continued to shed B. ovis in semen throughout the 649-day study period, and at slaughter B. ovis was isolated from the reproductive tract and urinary bladder. In contrast, 10/12 (83%) infected stags stopped shedding B. ovis in semen 103-342 days after inoculation, and the organism could not be isolated from their reproductive tracts at slaughter. The remaining two infected stags shed B. ovis in semen throughout the study period and the organism was isolated from their reproductive tracts at slaughter. All inoculated animals initially developed serum antibody titres detectable using the B. ovis CFT and ELISA. For infected stags, the diagnostic sensitivity of these tests was 100% for the first 166 days, but decreased to 50-90% after this. The diagnostic sensitivity for the infected rams was 100% throughout the study period. Infection in stags resulted in variable effects on semen characteristics. Eight of 12 (67%) infected stags had a mean sperm motility of < 50%, and < 60% mean normal sperm in the first year of infection. Seven of these stags had resolved the infection by the following breeding season, and there was a significant improvement in sperm motility and morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Stags are as susceptible as rams to experimental B. ovis infection. However, the majority of infected stags resolved the infection within a year, whereas rams remained infected for at least 649 days (22 months). Serology, using CFT and ELISA, was effective at detecting infection during the first 166 days in both species, but after this time was less effective at detecting infection in stags than in rams. Infection with B. ovis had variable but generally deleterious effects on the semen characteristics of stags, which resolved following resolution of the infection. Differences in the characteristics of the disease in stags compared with rams mean that different control methods are warranted for the two species. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most stags infected with B. ovis are likely to resolve the infection within a year, and semen characteristics return to levels acceptable for breeding. Serology is useful for detection of infection in the early stages of the disease, but once disease has been present in the herd for some time false-negative reactions are likely to occur in individual stags.  相似文献   

Improved water repellency of black spruce wood surfaces after treatment in carbon tetrafluoride plasmas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bouddah Poaty  Bernard Riedl  Pierre Blanchet  Vincent Blanchard  Luc Stafford 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(2):411-422

Plasma treatments for black spruce wood (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), a widespread forest species from Canada, were carried out in order to waterproof the exposed surfaces. Experiments were performed using inductively coupled argon plasma with carbon tetrafluoride as the gaseous precursor for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of functional fluoropolymer coatings on wood. Analysis of the wettability through water contact angle measurements showed water-repellent characteristics, with static contact angles up to 130° depending on plasma exposure time, CF₄ concentration in the Ar/CF₄ plasma, and plasma source-to-substrate distance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of plasma-treated wood surfaces confirmed the growth of a thin, fluorocarbon layer with fluorine atomic concentrations close to 50 % on highly hydrophobic wood surfaces. Estimation of the thickness of the coatings by stylus profilometry revealed that a minimum layer thickness of about 80 nm is required to obtain water repellant wood surfaces with minimum water uptake. This complete set of data indicates that fluorocarbon-containing plasmas represent a very promising approach for improving the durability of wood products in wet and humid conditions.  相似文献