High lipid and high protein dog foods          下载免费PDF全文

Hilton JW  Atkinson JL 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(1):76-78

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Associations between hoof shape and the position of the frontal plane ground reaction force vector in walking horses     

GR Colborne  JE Routh  KR Weir  JE McKendry  E Busschers 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(2):76-81

AIMS: To determine the frontal plane position of the ground reaction force vector at its centre of pressure under the hoof of walking horses, and its projection through the distal limb joints, and to relate this to hoof geometric measurements.

METHODS: Reflective markers were glued to the forelimb hooves and skin of 26 horses, over palpable landmarks representing centres of the coffin, fetlock and carpal joints, and the dorsal toe at its most distal point. A 4-camera kinematic system recorded the position of these markers as the horse walked in hand across a force platform, to generate a frontal plane representation of the ground reaction force vector passing between the markers at the joints. The position of the vector was calculated as the relative distance between the lateral (0%) and medial (100%) markers at each joint. Digital photos were taken of the hoof in frontal and sagittal views to determine hoof geometric measurements. Associations between these and the position of the force vector at each joint were examined using Pearson correlation coefficients.

RESULTS: Mean vector position for both forelimbs at the toe, coffin, fetlock and carpal joint was 50.1 (SD 8.9), 53.0 (SD 9.2), 54.6 (SD 11.4) and 50.5 (SD17.3)%, respectively, of the distance between the lateral and medial sides of the joint in the frontal plane. Across all four joints, the vector position was slightly more medial (2–4%) for the right than left limb (p>0.05). Medial hoof wall angle was correlated (p<0.05) with force vector position at the fetlock (r=?0.402) and carpal (r=?0.317) joints; lateral hoof wall angle with vector position at the toe (r=0.288) and carpal (r=?0.34) joint, and medial hoof wall height with vector position at the fetlock (r=?0.306) and carpal (r=?0.303) joints.

CONCLUSION: The position of the two-dimensional frontal plane ground reaction force vector at the toe, and at the fetlock and carpal joints was associated with hoof shape. Mediolateral hoof balance has been shown in vitro to affect articular forces, which may be a factor in development of joint disease. The effect of hoof shape needs to be evaluated at faster gaits to determine the potential for joint injury in the presence of larger forces.  相似文献   

Biochemical composition of New Zealand geoduck clam broodstock (Panopea zelandica) conditioned under different temperature and feeding regimes          下载免费PDF全文

Dung V Le  Andrea C Alfaro  Chris Pook  Norman L C Ragg  Zoë Hilton  Nick King 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1799-1814

Geoduck clams are amongst the most valuable cultured shellfish available on the world market, driving interest in the establishment of the native New Zealand species, Panopea zelandica (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835), as a candidate for aquaculture. A critical element of domestication is the effective management of breeding stock to optimize gamete and offspring quality. To develop a reliable broodstock conditioning protocol for P. zelandica, we investigated the biochemical composition of geoducks exposed to nine factorial treatment combinations of temperature (7.5, 11.5 and 16.5°C) and feeding ration [10 000, 50 000 and 100 000 cells mL^?1 of a (1:1 cell count) mixture of Tisochrysis lutea and Chaetoceros muelleri]. In addition, a reference group of geoducks was conditioned in an aquaculture pond‐nursery system, providing a dilute, mixed phytoplankton culture at ambient temperature. Glycogen, protein, lipid and fatty acid contents of flesh and viscera were measured at days 0, 36 and 73 of conditioning. Glycogen, protein and lipid analyses indicated that geoducks within all treatments achieved a positive energy balance, except for those in the treatment combining the highest temperature and lowest feeding ration. Comparisons of fatty acid profiles of animals among treatments and with the reference group revealed that eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5n‐3), docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6n‐3) and arachidonic (ARA, C20:4n‐6) fatty acids were important contributors to gametogenic development for geoduck conditioning.  相似文献   

Relationship between Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea soil inoculum level,host resistance and powdery scab on potato tubers in the field     

J. L. Brierley  L. Sullivan  S. J. Wale  A. J. Hilton  D. T. Kiezebrink  A. K. Lees 《Plant pathology》2013,62(2):413-420

The relationship between initial soil inoculum level of Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss) and the incidence and severity of powdery scab on potato tubers at harvest was investigated. In all experiments soil inoculum level of Sss (sporeballs/g soil) was measured using a quantitative real‐time PCR assay. Of 113 commercial potato fields across the UK, soil inoculum was detected in 75%, ranging from 0 to 148 Sss sporeballs/g soil. When arbitrary soil inoculum threshold values of 0, <10 and >10 sporeballs/g soil were set, it was observed that the number of progeny crops developing powdery scab increased with the level of inoculum quantified in the field soil preplanting. In four field trials carried out to investigate the link between the amount of inoculum added to the soil and disease development, disease incidence and severity on progeny tubers was found to be significantly (P < 0·01) greater in plots with increasing levels of inoculum incorporated. There was a cultivar effect in all years, with disease incidence and severity scores being significantly greater in cvs Agria and Estima than in Nicola (P < 0·01).  相似文献   

Effects of tillage,nitrogen placement,and wheel compaction on denitrification rates in the corn cycle of a corn‐oats rotation     

B. R. Hilton  P. E. Fixen  H. J. Woodard 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1341-1357

Denitrification rates under various tillage systems were determined in the corn (Zea mays L.) cycle of a corn‐oats (Avena sativa L.) rotation. Denitrification was measured directly with an in‐situ soil cover method which supplied the soil with acetylene (C₂H₂) and evacuated the nitrous oxide (N₂O) produced. Denitrification rates were measured in both a field or non‐wheel track (NWT) area and in a compacted wheel track (WT) area for the no‐till (NT), chisel plow (CH), moldboard plow (MP) tillage systems after nitrogen (N) was applied by broadcast/incorporation with 112 kg N/ha as ammonium nitrate. Nitrogen was also applied to the NT treatment by injection with modified anhydrous ammonia knives prior to planting. Most of the cumulative N loss occurred over a 22 day period following heavy rainfall in June. Denitrification was greatest on days after rainfall events for the NT systems. Cumulative N loss was estimated at 25, 16, and 11 kg N/ha from May 29‐September 8 for NT, CH, and MP treatments, respectively, for the broadcast/incorporated N application. Mean denitrification rates from WT areas were about 1.6 times greater than the NWT areas.  相似文献   

An acute outbreak of teat lesions affecting 38% of a dairy herd in Northland     

KR Petrovski 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):162-163

Extract

Teat lesions are common in dairy cattle in New Zealand. Most of the infectious cases are caused by pseudocowpox virus, but lesions similar to those caused by bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-2 have been described clinically and confirmed serologically in New Zealand (Horner and Raynel 1988). BHV-2 and BHV-4 cause an acute viral disease in cattle known as bovine herpes mammillitis or ulcerative mammillitis (Hillerton et al 2001). Presumptive cases have been reported in New Zealand based on the nature and distribution of lesions (Daniel 1970). The disease is probably endemic in New Zealand but is poorly documented and generally considered to be mild and sporadic. The main differential diagnosis is pseudocowpox, which is often also present in herds affected with bovine herpes mammillitis, and dual infections of individual cattle have been reported (Gibbs et al 1972). To my knowledge, neither BHV-2 nor BHV-4 have yet been isolated in New Zealand.  相似文献   

The route and rate of thiamethoxam soil degradation in laboratory and outdoor incubated tests,and field studies following seed treatments or spray application     

Martin J Hilton  Simon N Emburey  Paul A Edwards  Christine Dougan  Dean C Ricketts 《Pest management science》2019,75(1):63-78

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Repetitive stimulation of the common peroneal nerve as a diagnostic aid for botulism in foals     

Aleman M  Williams DC  Jorge NE  Magdesian KG  Brosnan RJ  Feary DJ  Hilton HG  Kozikowski TA  Higgins JK  Madigan JE  Lecouteur RA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(2):365-372

Background: Botulism is a potentially fatal paralytic disorder for which definitive diagnosis is difficult. Objectives: To determine if repetitive stimulation of the common peroneal nerve will aid in the diagnosis of botulism in foals. Animals: Four control and 3 affected foals. Methods: Validation of the test in healthy foals for its comparison in foals with suspected botulism. Controls were anesthetized and affected foals were sedated to avoid risks of anesthesia. The common peroneal nerve was chosen for its superficial location and easy access. Stimulating electrodes were placed along the common peroneal nerve. For recording, the active and reference electrodes were positioned over the midpoint and distal end of the extensor digitorum longus muscle, respectively. Repeated supramaximal stimulation of the nerve was performed utilizing a range of frequencies (1–50 Hz). Data analysis consisted of measuring the amplitude and area under the curve for each M wave and converting these values into percentages of decrement or increment based on the comparison of subsequent potentials to the initial one (baseline) within each set. Results: A decremental response was seen at all frequencies in control foals. Decremental responses also were observed in affected foals at low frequencies. An incremental response was seen in all affected foals at 50 Hz. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Decreased baseline M wave amplitudes with incremental responses at high rates are supportive of botulism. Repetitive nerve stimulation is a safe, simple, fast, and noninvasive technique that can aid in the diagnosis of suspected botulism in foals.  相似文献   

ECG of the Month. ECG Interpretation     

Santonastaso AM  Faulkner LE  Hilton KR  Slack J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(11):1424-1426

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Survey on management practices related to the prevention and control of bovine viral diarrhea virus on dairy farms in Indiana, United States     

Negrón M  Raizman EA  Pogranichniy R  Hilton WM  Lévy M 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,99(2-4):130-135

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