Nodulation competition among Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains as influenced by rhizosphere bacteria and iron availability     

J. Fuhrmann  A. G. Wollum II 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,7(2):108-112

Summary Bacteria isolated from the root zones of field-grown soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were examined in a series of glasshouse experiments for an ability to affect nodulation competition among three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (USDA 31, USDA 110, and USDA 123). Inocula applied at planting contained competing strains of B. japonicum with or without one of eleven isolates of rhizosphere bacteria. Tap-root nodules were harvested 28 days after planting, and nodule occupancies were determined for the bradyrhizobia strains originally applied. Under conditions of low iron availability, five isolates (four Pseudomonas spp. plus one Serratia sp.) caused significant changes in nodule occupancy relative to the corresponding control which was not inoculated with rhizosphere bacteria. During subsequent glasshouse experiments designed to verify and further characterize these effects, three fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. consistently altered nodulation competition among certain combinations of bradyrhizobia strains when the rooting medium did not contain added iron. This alteration typically reflected enhanced nodulation by USDA 110. Two of these isolates produced similar, although less pronounced, effects when ferric hydroxide was added to the rooting medium. The results suggest that certain rhizosphere bacteria, particularly fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., can affect nodulation competition among strains of R. japonicum. An additional implication is that iron availability may be an important factor modifying interactions involving the soybean plant, B. japonicum, and associated microorganisms in the host rhizosphere.Paper No. 10648 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7601, USA  相似文献   

Nitrogen mineralization in sub‐tropical paddy soils in relation to soil mineralogy,management, pH,carbon, nitrogen and iron contents     

M. A. Kader  S. Sleutel  S. A. Begum  A. Z. M. Moslehuddin  S. De neve 《European Journal of Soil Science》2013,64(1):47-57

The nitrogen (N) requirement for paddy rice cultivated in Bangladesh amounts to approximately 80 kg N ha^?1. Lack of knowledge on N mineralization from soil organic matter leads farmers to meet this N requirement exclusively by costly mineral fertilizers, which have typically an efficiency of less than 40%. We assessed to what extent routinely analysed soil properties (N and carbon (C), texture, pH, extractable iron (Fe), aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn), soil mineralogy and length of the annual inundation period) are able to predict net aerobic and anaerobic N mineralization in paddy soils. Both soil N and C correlated positively with the aerobic but not with the anaerobic N mineralization rate. Instead, relative anaerobic N mineralization showed a significant negative correlation with soil N content. We observed no significant influence of clay mineralogy on soil N mineralization. Aerobic but not anaerobic N mineralization increased with length of the annual inundation period while the proportion of the soil N that was mineralized during 120 days decreased. The large clay content of fields that are inundated for 9–10 months annually explains the co‐occurrence of large soil N contents and relatively small N mineralization rates in these fields. However, variation in texture did not explain variation in N mineralization of soils with inundation periods of 3–8 months. Instead, the anaerobic N mineralization correlated positively with Na pyrophosphate‐extractable Fe and negatively with pH (both at P < 0.01). Thus, pH and Fe content, rather than soil N content, clay mineralogy or texture, explained the substantial variation in anaerobic N mineralization of paddy soils in Bangladesh inundated for 3–8 months. It is not known if these relationships between net evolution of ammonium in soil and pH and Fe content are causal or indirect. Elucidation of these mechanisms would greatly further our comprehension of the biochemistry of the young ‘floodplain soils' with relatively low content of pedogenic oxides throughout southeast Asia.  相似文献   

Nephrectomy Via Ventral Median Celiotomy in Equids     

Carolyn E. Arnold DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Tex Taylor DVM  Diplomate ACVS  M. Keith Chaffin DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM  Harold C. Schott II DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM  John P. Caron DVM  MVSc  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(3):275-279

  相似文献   

不同施肥处理对南疆温室蔬菜根际土壤微生物的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马刘峰  易海艳  司马义·巴拉提  木合塔尔·吐尔洪  卡德尔·阿布都热西提  古丽巴哈尔·沙吾提  阿不来提·阿不都热西提  詹建立  吴文兵 《北方园艺》2013,(2):46-48

以南疆塔里木盆地西缘城市喀什市的蔬菜温室为试验对象,测定温室土壤20 cm处的耕作层的微生物种类、生物活性和生物量碳氮等指标,研究了不同施肥处理对南疆温室蔬菜根际土壤中微生物的影响.结果表明:施用有机肥可明显增加土壤中细菌、真菌及放线菌数目和活性,有机肥种类对土壤中生物活性有一定的影响;适量施用化肥能一定程度提高根际土壤中生物量碳和氮的的含量.  相似文献   

杏园脐腹小蠹空间分布型及易受害寄主生长性状研究     

朱晓锋  徐兵强  阿布都克尤木·卡德尔  宋博  张青文  杨森 《植物保护》2016,42(5):80-85

在脐腹小蠹(Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov)发生期,通过调查杏园脐腹小蠹空间分布及寄主生长性状发现:在杏园脐腹小蠹呈聚集分布,且个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分是个体群;当种群密度1.68头/株时,环境条件是其聚集的主因;当种群密度4.92头/株时,脐腹小蠹的聚集习性和环境条件是脐腹小蠹聚集的主因;其为害程度与杏树新生枝条长度、直径、百叶重和叶片含水量呈显著负相关,与叶绿素含量无相关关系;不同受害程度杏树树脂分泌量呈正态分布,零星被害和持续被害杏树树脂分泌量显著大于健康和易被害致死杏树;6月平均新生枝条长度14.85cm、直径0.31cm、百叶重52.40g的杏树易受害,新生枝条长度12.70cm、直径0.29cm、百叶重49.36g的杏树易受害致死。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫下不同类型野生杏光合作用比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

木斯塔帕·海比布  吾木提汗·卡克木  加帕尔·卡迪尔  海利力·库尔班 《新疆农业科学》2016,53(11):2047

【目的】以田间栽培收集于新疆伊犁地区的野生甜仁杏1号、野生甜仁杏2号、野生苦仁杏1号和野生苦仁杏2号等4种类型天山野生杏的2年生树苗为材料,持续26 d的田间自然干旱胁迫处理,研究野生杏光合作用对干旱胁迫的适应特征。【方法】对二年生野杏苗水分胁迫处理第5和26 d测定光合速率（Pn ）,气孔导度（Gs）,细胞胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）蒸腾速率（Tr）并计算水分利用效率（WUE）,同时取样分析水势、细胞膜透性和叶绿素含量等参数。【结果】水势与膜透性的适应性变化与植物的抗逆性有关;水分胁迫第26 d净光合速率在胁迫初期的基础上下降幅度在不同类型之间有差异,下降幅度依次为：甜仁杏1号＞甜仁杏2号＞苦仁杏1号＞苦仁杏2号。【结论】天山野生杏在水分胁迫下,净光合速率的下降是由气孔和非气孔因素共同作用的结果,气孔和非气孔因素对净光合速率下降的贡献在类型之间有差异。在野生杏叶绿素a／b比值和水分利用效率的变化与净光合速率之间有相关性。  相似文献   

Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species     

J. M. Fisk II  T. J. Kwak  R. J. Heise 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2014,21(1):57-67

A critical component of a species reintroduction is assessment of contemporary habitat suitability. The robust redhorse, Moxostoma robustum (Cope), is an imperilled catostomid that occupies a restricted range in the south‐eastern USA. A remnant population persists downstream of Blewett Falls Dam, the terminal dam in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Reintroduction upstream of Blewett Falls Dam may promote long‐term survival of this population. Tillery Dam is the next hydroelectric facility upstream, which includes a 30 rkm lotic reach. Habitat suitability indices developed in the Pee Dee River were applied to model suitable habitat for proposed minimum flows downstream of Tillery Dam. Modelling results indicate that the Tillery reach provides suitable robust redhorse habitat, with spawning habitat more abundant than non‐spawning habitat. Sensitivity analyses suggested that suitable water depth and substrate were limiting physical habitat variables. These results can inform decisions on flow regulation and guide planning for reintroduction of the robust redhorse and other species.  相似文献   

不同寄主对脐腹小蠹取食和繁殖的影响     

钟军  朱晓锋  徐兵强  阿布都克尤木·卡德尔  宋博  马德英  杨森 《植物保护》2018,44(1):143-146

脐腹小蠹是新疆果树林木的重要害虫,研究不同寄主对脐腹小蠹取食和繁殖的影响可为脐腹小蠹的综合治理提供参考。田间诱集试验表明,脐腹小蠹为害‘赛买提'杏、扁桃和新疆桃,不为害垂柳和沙枣,在春榆上也诱集到少量成虫,但其数量显著低于‘赛买提'杏、扁桃和新疆桃。室内饲养研究表明,‘赛买提'杏、扁桃和春榆上均有脐腹小蠹取食为害,其中‘赛买提'杏上脐腹小蠹子代数量最多,成虫蛀道长度最长,侵入孔数最多,与扁桃和春榆差异显著。综上所述,脐腹小蠹在‘赛买提'杏、扁桃、新疆桃、春榆上均可完成发育,但在4种寄主上的子代数量以及对4种寄主的为害程度不同,‘赛买提'杏是脐腹小蠹生长发育及繁殖的最适寄主,其次是扁桃、新疆桃,脐腹小蠹也可为害春榆。  相似文献   

Large Experimental Fistula of the Right Dorsal Colon in Horses     

Marco A.F. Lopes  Nathaniel A. White II  Leonardo R. de Lima  Paulo R.S. Costa 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

Studies in horses with experimental gastrointestinal fistulas may lead to rapid advancements in equine nutrition, as well as prevention and treatment of diseases such as colic and laminitis. The aim of this study was to devise a technique and a cannula to create a large fistula in the right dorsal colon (RDC). A total of 13 horses with normal gastrointestinal tract were used. After the administration of sedatives and local anesthetics, a segment of the right 16th rib was removed, a circular defect was created in the muscular wall, and the RDC was sutured to the muscular wall. The subcutaneous tissue and skin were closed over the attached RDC in eight horses (closed technique), or removed to expose the serosa of the colon sutured to the abdominal wall in five horses (open technique). A full thickness circular incision was made 2 to 6 weeks later to create a fistula. A cannula (diameter, 5 cm) made of natural rubber or silicon was inserted in the fistula. The open surgical technique was easier to perform and resulted in fewer complications. The cannula made of silicon resulted in less pruritus. One horse had a large colon torsion around the colopexy before fistula creation. One of the 12 fistulated horses had a large colon displacement 43 days after cannula insertion. These observations suggest that pexis of the RDC may predispose the horse to large colon displacement or volvulus. The open technique for the colopexy and the cannula made of silicon can be used for creation of a RDC fistula.  相似文献   

Growth performance of juvenile kuruma shrimp,Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate) fed diets replacing fishmeal with soybean meal          下载免费PDF全文

Mahbuba Bulbul  Shunsuke Koshio  Manabu Ishikawa  Saichiro Yokoyama  Md. Abdul Kader 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(3):572-580

A feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effect of lowering dietary fishmeal (FM) levels while increasing levels of dehulled soybean meal (SBM) on growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of juvenile kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicas. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isoenergetic, isolipidic and isonitrogenous with decreasing FM levels from 40 to 16% while increasing SBM from 0 to 33% respectively. Quadruplicate groups of shrimp (initial wt = 1.5 g) were fed the test diets for 56 days under the flow‐through system. There were no significant differences in final weight (g) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day) among shrimp fed FM40, FM34, FM28 and FM22 diets respectively. Growth parameters significantly decreased in shrimp when fed FM16 diet, which was the lowest level of FM. Feed intake was positively correlated with the SGR of shrimp, and the lowest one was found in shrimp fed FM16 diet. Protein gain and retention, whole body lipid, arginine and methionine significantly decreased in FM16 fed group. Thus, it is concluded that dietary FM could be reduced down to 22% with SBM without compromising growth, nutrient utilization and retention, and whole body composition of kuruma shrimp.  相似文献