Strategies for maximizing utilization of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) in the fish feed     

Ranjan  Amit  Kumar  Sarvendra  Sahu  Narottam Prasad  Jain  Kamal Kant  Deo  Ashutosh Dharmendra 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(1):99-114

De-oiled rice bran (DORB) is obtained after oil is removed from the rice bran. This is the commonly used ingredient in the feeding of Indian major carps due to its cheaper cost. DORB is used as a feed ingredient in cattle, poultry, and fish diet. Along with this, they are also used in making fiber-rich biscuits and extraction of an antioxidant compound like oryzanol and other industrial uses. Due to the increased competition, there will be a huge imbalance in the demand and supply for this ingredient in the years to come. DORB is associated with high fiber content, anti-nutrients, and non-starch polysaccharides which lead to its poor utilization resulting in a higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) in fish. Hence, the strategic utilization of this ingredient by solid-state fermentation, exogenous enzyme supplementation, and supplementing it with deficient nutrients like amino acids and fatty acids will help in improving the utilization of this ingredient.

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Limited survival of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 in bulk soils and composts from Egypt     

Derek L. Tomlinson  John G. Elphinstone  H. Abd El-Fatah  S. H. Agag  M. Kamal  M. M. Abd El-Aliem  H. Abd El-Ghany  M. Y. Soliman  F. G. Fawzi  D. E. Stead  J. D. Janse 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(2):197-209

Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (phylotype II sequevar 1) in Egyptian soils and compost was studied under laboratory and field conditions. Survival of the pathogen under laboratory conditions varied with temperature, water potential and soil type, with temperature being the major determinant of survival of the pathogen. The effects of temperature and moisture content were variable between different experiments, but survival was generally longer at 15°C than at 4, 28 and 35°C respectively. Survival was also longer when moisture levels were constant compared with varying moisture levels at all temperatures. In experiments to compare the effects of progressive drying in sandy and clay soils there was a difference in survival times between the two soil types. In sandy soils, the pathogen died out more rapidly when soil was allowed to dry out than in controls where the soil was kept at constant water potential. In clay soils there was little difference between the two treatments, possibly due to the formation of a hard impermeable outer layer during the drying process, which retarded water loss from within. Survival in mature composts at 15°C was of the same order of magnitude as in soils but shorter at 28°C, possibly owing to increased biological activity at this temperature, or a resumption of the composting process, with concomitant higher temperatures within the compost itself. The maximum survival time recorded over all soil types and conditions during in vitro studies was around 200 days. In field studies, the maximum survival time in both bare sand and clay was around 85 days at depths up to 50 cm. The survival time was reduced in field experiments carried out in summer to less than 40 days and in one study when the ground was flooded for rice cultivation, the bacterium could not be detected 14 days after flooding. The maximum survival time of R. solanacearum in infected plant material or in infested soil samples incorporated into compost heaps was less than 2 weeks. At the culmination of field soil and compost experiments, no infection was detected in tomato seedlings up to 10 weeks after transplanting into the same soils or composts under glasshouse conditions at a temperature of 25°C.  相似文献   

Methods of assessing the efficacy of non-volatile nematicides     

Nigel G. M. Hague  Mahmoud Damadzadeh  Sahag K. Garabedian  Kamal H. Radwan 《Pest management science》1983,14(6):587-595

In-vivo tests of non-volatile nematicides using a fungal-feeding nematode Aphelenchus avenae were shown to be more reliable than in-vitro tests. Phoxim and carbofuran were as effective as thionazin against the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in preventing eggs being laid, but they did not prevent nematodes from migrating from treated plants. Aldicarb and phoxim delayed the emergence of second-stage juveniles from cysts of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis; phoxim at 8 mg kg^?1 of soil gave the same results as aldicarb at 2 mg kg^?1 of soil and both chemicals altered the sex ratio in the final population. A simple pot-test with G. rostochiensis in foul soil types was used to demonstrate the comparative effectiveness of non-volatile nematicides.  相似文献   

Effects of Stocking Density and Feeding Levels on Growth Rates and Feed Utilization of Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus     

Abdel-Fattah  M. El-Sayed  Kamal A.  Mostafa  Jassim S.  Al-Mohammadi  Abdel-Aziz  El-Dehaimi    Mohammed  Kayid 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1995,26(2):212-216

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Effect of ivermectin on sarcoptic mange lesions of goats     

M. Zamri-Saad  A. Kamal Hizat  W. M. Kamil 《Tropical animal health and production》1990,22(2):144-145

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Predicting risks of tornado and severe thunderstorm damage to southeastern U.S. forests     

Fortuin  Christine C.  Montes  Cristian R.  Vogt  James T.  Gandhi  Kamal J. K. 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(7):1905-1919

Landscape Ecology - The southeastern U.S. experiences tornadoes and severe thunderstorms that can economic and ecological damages to forest stands resulting in loss of timber, reduction in...  相似文献   

A study on the synergetic effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and dipotassium phosphate on Alternaria solani causing early blight disease of tomato     

Imran  Muhammad  Abo-Elyousr  Kamal A. M.  Mousa  Magdi A. A.  Saad  Maged M. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(1):63-77

European Journal of Plant Pathology - A study of the effect of bioagents and dipotassium phosphate (DPP) and their combination on early blight disease reduction under greenhouse conditions was...  相似文献   

Zeolite influences on nitrate leaching,nitrogen-use efficiency,yield and yield components of canola in sandy soil     

Majid Aghaalikhani  Majid Gholamhoseini  Aria Dolatabadian  Aydin Khodaei-Joghan  Kamal Sadat Asilan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):1149-1169

With regard to the low cation-exchange capacity and large saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils, a field experiment was carried out in 2006–2007 to determine the impact of zeolite on nitrogen leaching and canola production. Four nitrogen (N) rates (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha^–1) and three zeolite amounts (3, 6 and 9 t ha^?1) were included as treatments. The results demonstrated that the highest growth parameters and seed yield were attained with 270 kg N ha^?1 and 9 t zeolite ha^?1. However, the highest and the lowest seed protein percentage and oil content were obtained with 270 kg N ha^?1 accompanied by 9 t zeolite ha^?1, respectively. Nitrate concentration in drained water was affected by nitrogen and zeolite. The lowest and highest leached nitrate values were found in control without N and zeolite (N₀Z₀) and in treatments with the highest N supply without zeolite (N₂₇₀Z₀), respectively. In general, nitrogen-use efficiency decreased with an increase in N supply. Application of 9 t zeolite ha^?1 showed higher nitrogen use efficiency than other zeolite amounts. Also, application of more N fertilizer in soil reduced nitrogen uptake efficiency. In total, application of 270 kg N ha^?1 and 9 t zeolite ha^?1 could be suggested as superior treatment.  相似文献   

Effect of grass density and date of tapping on Acacia senegal gum yield in north kordofan state, Sudan     

Idris M. Adam  M. E. Ballal  Kamal El. M. Fadl 《林业研究》2013,24(1):169-172

We conducted a two-factor experiment in randomized com- plete block design with four replications during 2004 in El Demokeya Forest Reserve and El Himaira Natural Forest, North Kordofan State, Sudan. The objective was to develop an understanding of the ecological effects of under-story vegetation and tapping date on the productivity of gum arabic from Acacia senegal as over story cover. The first factor was grass cover which was tested in four levels (100% and 50% grass cover in addition to bare and burnt). The second factor, date of tapping was tested in three levels namely (1st Oct, 15th Oct and 1st Nov). The first picking was done after 45 days from tapping and the gum yield up to seven pickings was collected at intervals of 15 days. Gum yield from each picking was collected and weighed using sensitive balance. Analysis of variance was carried out using MSTAT-C statistical package, and the Tukey test was applied for mean comparisons. The results showed highly significant differences (p<0.01) of grass cover on gum arabic yield in the two sites for most of the first consecutive pickings (1st-4th out of seven) in addition to total yield (kg/ha). With exception to the 4th pickings, the interaction effect between the grass densities and tapping date was not significantly different. The total gum yield was significantly (p<0.05) increased in only two pickings (third and fourth) in El Demokeya Forest Reserve and two pickings (1st and 2nd) at El Himaira Natural Forest. The density of grass cover significantly (p<0.05) affected the number of pickings at both sites; the number of gum pickings was directly proportional to grass density. The number of gum pickings was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the early date of tapping.  相似文献   

Activation of tomato plant defence responses against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum using DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moahmed A. E. Hassan  Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):145-157

In this study, we investigated the ability of DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA) to protect tomato against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. This was combined with studies of accumulation of total phenolic compounds, free and total salicylic acid (SA), and activity of enzymes related to plant defence, i.e., polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT). Under greenhouse conditions, tomato plants pre-treated by soil drenching with BABA profoundly reduced disease severity of bacterial wilt compared to plants receiving a soil drench with water. Thus, BABA reduced leaf wilting index by 75.3 % and vascular browning index by 69.9 %, without any in vitro inhibitory activity on the pathogen. BABA treatment significantly reduced the population of R. solanacearum in stems of tomato plants and additionally also significantly increased both fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots of tomato plants compared with the inoculated control. Application of BABA resulted in a high increase in PPO activity both in plants with and without inoculation. Compared to water-treated plants, treatment with BABA also induced a significant increase of total phenolic compounds as well as of free and total SA in leaves of both inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants at all sampling times. CAT activity decreased in tomato plants treated with BABA in comparison with the water-treated control plants and the decrease in activity correlated with an increasing total SA accumulation. These findings suggest that BABA treatment resulted in induction of resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato.  相似文献