Genetic analysis of the resistance of barley to cryptic species of Pyricularia     

Analiza Grubanzo Tagle  Izumi Chuma  Hiroshi Hisano  Kazuhiro Sato  Yukio Tosa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(6):302-306

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参数调整对增压柴油机排放特性的影响     

李彦  周洪如  蒋侃 《中国农机化》2012,(1):65-67,74

与汽油机相比,柴油机排放污染处理的难点在于氮氧化物和颗粒,而喷油始点和废气再循环(EGR)率对这两种污染物有较大的影响。随着电子控制系统的应用,使得一些运行参数如喷油始点和EGR率在柴油机所有运行工况中可以实现精确调节。本文通过采用较低的成本的电控VE泵和EGR阀,对喷油始点和EGR率两项参数进行调整,分析其对高速直喷增压柴油机经济型和排放性的影响,并探索有效改进排放性能的途径。  相似文献   

Artificial and natural cross breeding between Atlantic salmon and salmonids currently present in Japan     

Masatoshi Ban  Hiroyuki Nagoya  Shunpei Sato  Hirohumi Yaegashi  Masaki Ichimura  Nobuhiro Sato 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):967-975

We evaluated the potential for hybridization between Atlantic salmon and salmonids currently present in Japan. We performed artificial and natural crosses and tested for hybridization using short interspersed elements. We documented the occurrence of hybrids and gynogenesis following artificial crossing. However, the survival rate of these offspring was low (<2 % to the fry stage). We were unable to obtain viable offspring from natural crosses of Atlantic salmon and chum salmon or masu salmon. Our results suggest that there is little risk of hybridization between Atlantic salmon and salmonids that are currently present in the wild in Japan. Furthermore, our results suggest that gynogenesis may occur naturally.  相似文献   

Long-term fluctuations in mollusk populations before and after the appearance of the alien predator <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euspira fortunei</Emphasis> on the Tona coast,Miyagi Prefecture,northern Japan     

Shin’ichi Sato  Tomoki Chiba  Hiromi Hasegawa 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(3):589-595

The impact of Euspira fortunei as an alien predator on fluctuations in population densities of prey mollusks between 2001 and 2010 on the Tona coast, northern Japan, was investigated. This species increased dramatically from 2002 to 2004. In contrast, prey species such as Ruditapes philippinarum and Macoma incongrua decreased rapidly from 2001 to 2004, whereas Pillucina pisidium and Batillaria cumingii did not show a significant decrease during this period. Using a laboratory experiment, we were able to show that these decreases in the population densities of some species of mollusks but not other species were the result of species-selective predation by E. fortunei, as the experiment revealed that E. fortunei preferred to attack R. philippinarum and M. incongrua rather than P. pisidium, although the predator did expand its diet to include P. pisidium after it had consumed 16 of the 20 preferred prey available (i.e., R. philippinarum and M. incongrua). This case study suggests that invasive naticid predators have the potential to affect the population density and community structure of prey mollusks in recipient coastal ecosystems through predation.  相似文献   

Assessment of spermatogenesis and plasma sex steroids in a seasonal breeding teleost: a comparative study in an area of influence of a tributary, downstream from a hydroelectric power dam, Brazil     

Fabricio F. T. Domingos  Ralph G. Thomé  Fabio P. Arantes  Antonio Carlos S. Castro  Yoshimi Sato  Nilo Bazzoli  Elizete Rizzo 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(6):1709-1719

River damming and building of hydroelectric power plants interrupt the reproductive migration routes and change the major physicochemical parameters of water quality, with drastic consequences for populations of migratory fishes. The goal of this study was to evaluate proliferation and cell death during spermatogenesis and serum profiles of sex steroids in Prochilodus argenteus, from the S?o Francisco River, downstream from the Três Marias Dam. A total of 257 adult males were caught quarterly during a reproductive cycle in two sites: the first 34?km of the river after the dam (site 1) and the second 34–54?km after the dam (site 2), after the confluence with a tributary, the Abaeté River. Seasonal changes in the testicular activity associated with morphometric analyses of germ cells as well as proliferation and testicular apoptosis support a more active spermatogenesis in fish from site 2, where higher levels of sex steroids and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were also found. In site 1, fish presented low serum levels of testosterone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and a low GSI during gonadal maturation. Spermatogonial proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (TUNEL) were more elevated in fish from site 1, but spermatocytes were mainly labelled in fish from site 2. Overall, these data demonstrate changes in testicular activity and plasma sex steroids in a neotropical teleost fish living downstream from a hydroelectric dam, supplying new data on fish reproduction in regulated rivers. Moreover, morphometric analyses associated with sex steroids profiles provide reliable tools to assess fish spermatogenesis under environmental stress conditions.  相似文献   

Digital image analysis and chlorophyll metering for phenotyping the effects of nodulation in soybean   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Vollmann  H. WalterT. Sato  P. Schweiger 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,75(1):190-195

Leaf photosynthesis and rhizobial nitrogen fixation are the two metabolic processes of utmost importance to legume growth and development. As these processes are closely related to each other, measuring of leaf chlorophyll content can provide information on the nodulation and nitrogen fixation status of crop plants. In the present investigation, a number of soybean breeding lines consisting of near-isogenic families which are genetically segregating for the nodulation trait were utilized in field experiments carried out across three growing seasons at Vienna, Austria. For phenotyping leaf chlorophyll content, the Minolta SPAD spectrometer was applied in parallel to a simple leaf digital image analysis procedure based on a commercial digital still camera. The main objectives of the research included the comparison of SPAD metering and image analysis for determination of chlorophyll content, phenotyping of the soybean nodulation vs. non-nodulation characteristic with respect to leaf, agronomic and seed traits, and relating both chlorophyll and image analysis data to seed quality characteristics. Nodulating and non-nodulating soybean lines significantly differed in chlorophyll content from the V5 (five leaves fully developed) soybean developmental stage onwards. Apart from chlorophyll content, leaf size, plant height, number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed protein and oil content were also affected by nodulation type. The chlorophyll content of soybean leaves as determined by SPAD metering was significantly correlated (r = −0.937) to the green color value (RGB color model) of leaf image analysis at the R3 (beginning of pod growth) soybean developmental stage. Both chlorophyll content and leaf image analysis parameters were correlated to 1000-seed weight, seed protein and seed oil content. Thus, it appears that these leaf parameters related to photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation could be utilized to determine the nitrogen status of a soybean crop and subsequently in forecasting seed quality parameters of the harvest product.  相似文献   

Fish assemblages in headwater tributaries of the Agano River System,Japan     

Takuya Sato  Mayumi Yoshimura 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):493-498

The present study examined fish assemblages in ten tributaries with different environmental characteristics in the upper drainages of the Agano River system, northern Honshu, Japan. Seven fish species (five families) were found in the 10 tributaries examined. White-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis and sculpin Cottus pollux were common in almost all tributaries. Masu salmon Onchorhynchus masou masou inhabited the tributaries at relatively low densities despite intensive stocking in the study region. No statistically significant relationships between local environmental factors and the number of species captured were found. However, all seven species, including age-0 fish of each species, were recorded in the tributary with the lowest gradient and second-narrowest stream width, suggesting that small tributaries potentially provide an important habitat for a diverse range of species. The relative density of white-spotted charr in tributaries subject to fishing prohibition was higher on average than that in tributaries not subjected to fishing prohibition, suggesting that fishing depresses the abundance of white-spotted charr.  相似文献   

Astaxanthin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Inhibition of Nf-Κb P65 and Wnt/Β-Catenin in Vitro     

Jingjing Li  Weiqi Dai  Yujing Xia  Kan Chen  Sainan Li  Tong Liu  Rong Zhang  Jianrong Wang  Wenxia Lu  Yuqing Zhou  Qin Yin  Huerxidan Abudumijiti  Rongxia Chen  Yuanyuan Zheng  Fan Wang  Jie Lu  Yingqun Zhou  Chuanyong Guo 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6064-6081

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that can cause systemic invasion; however, the exact etiology and molecular mechanism are unknown. Astaxanthin (ASX), a powerful antioxidant, has efficient anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other activities, and has great research prospects in cancer therapy. We selected the human hepatoma cell lines, LM3 and SMMC-7721, to study the anti-tumor effect and related mechanisms of ASX. The cell lines were treated with different concentrations of ASX, and its solvent DMSO as a control, for different time periods and the results were determined using CCK8, qRT-PCR, WB, apoptotic staining, and flow cytometry. ASX induced significant apoptosis of HCC cells, and its effect may have been caused by NF-κB p65 and Wnt/β-catenin down-regulation via negative activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK. Antitumor research on ASX has provided us with a potential therapy for patients with hepatomas.  相似文献   

Biosynthesis of Akaeolide and Lorneic Acids and Annotation of Type I Polyketide Synthase Gene Clusters in the Genome of Streptomyces sp. NPS554     

Tao Zhou  Hisayuki Komaki  Natsuko Ichikawa  Akira Hosoyama  Seizo Sato  Yasuhiro Igarashi 《Marine drugs》2015,13(1):581-596

The incorporation pattern of biosynthetic precursors into two structurally unique polyketides, akaeolide and lorneic acid A, was elucidated by feeding experiments with ¹³C-labeled precursors. In addition, the draft genome sequence of the producer, Streptomyces sp. NPS554, was performed and the biosynthetic gene clusters for these polyketides were identified. The putative gene clusters contain all the polyketide synthase (PKS) domains necessary for assembly of the carbon skeletons. Combined with the ¹³C-labeling results, gene function prediction enabled us to propose biosynthetic pathways involving unusual carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. Genome analysis also indicated the presence of at least ten orphan type I PKS gene clusters that might be responsible for the production of new polyketides.  相似文献   

缓释氮肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈敏  屈磊  郑曙峰  徐道青  王维  刘小玲  阚画春 《中国棉花》2015,42(2):23-26

研究缓释氮肥对棉花单株生物量及产量的效应,以期为棉花节本增效栽培技术提供理论依据。以湘杂棉8号F1为材料,进行了常规氮肥和缓释氮肥不同施氮量田间对比试验。结果表明,缓释氮肥处理的棉花株高、果枝数、生物量及叶绿素含量较常规氮肥具有优势。缓释氮肥处理的棉花产量均高于常规氮肥,并以施氮量240kg·hm-2的产量最高,达到4047.03kg·hm-2;480kg·hm-2施氮量次之,产量为4040.60kg·hm-2;较之等氮量常规氮肥分别增产10.18%、9.76%。  相似文献