Identification of QTLs associated with salinity tolerance at late growth stage in barley     

Dawei Xue  Youzong Huang  Xiaoqi Zhang  Kang Wei  Sharon Westcott  Chengdao Li  Mingcan Chen  Guoping Zhang  Reg Lance 《Euphytica》2009,169(2):187-196

Salinity is a major abiotic stress to barley (Hordum vulgare L.) growth and yield. In the current study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and physiological components at the late growth stage under salt stress and non-stress environments were determined in barley using a double haploid population derived from a cross between CM72 (salt-tolerant) and Gairdner (salt-sensitive). A total of 30 QTLs for 10 traits, including tiller numbers (TN), plant height, spikes per line (SPL), spikes per plant (SPP), dry weight per plant, grains per plant, grain yield, shoot Na⁺ (NA) and K⁺ concentraitions (K) in shoot, and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio (NAK), were detected, with 17 and 13 QTLs under non-stress and salt stress, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 3.25 to 29.81%. QTL flanked by markers bPb-1278 and bPb-8437 on chromosomes 4H was associated with TN, SPL, and SPP under salt stress. This locus may be useful in the breeding program of marker-assisted selection for improving salt tolerance of barley. However, QTLs associated with NA, K, and NAK differed greatly between non-stress and salt stress environments. It may be suggested that only the QTLs detected under salt stress are really associated with salt tolerance in barley. D. Xue and Y. Huang contributed equally to the article.  相似文献   

The Optimization for Crop Planning and Some Advances for Water-Saving Crop Planning in the Semiarid Loess Plateau of China     

Y. B. Wang  P. T. Wu  X. N. Zhao  J. L. Li  L. Lv  & H. B. Shao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(1):55-65

The establishment of water-saving crop planning is an inevitable choice of the water-saving agriculture for the water-deficiency region in the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau of China and the world. The water-saving crop planning refers to the planting structure that centres the adjustment of the crop's adaptation to water, the optimization of temporal and spatial layout for crops, the local natural resources, marketing resources, human resources and financial input to enable region or basin with limited water resources to achieve the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of planting industry under certain technology and economy. After the analysis on the research progress of optimization theory, optimization goals, optimization methods of water-saving cultivation structure and macro-control measures, it is pointed out that the main deficiencies of the current research of water-saving cultivation pattern optimization are lacking of a strong theoretical basis, and the immaturity of optimization technologies. The future crucial research direction will focus on five aspects such as the special optimization theory system, the division methods by studying the watershed unit and using 3S technology, optimization model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, evaluation of rationality and macro-control measures on the basis of the public participation.  相似文献   

Starch Content and Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat in Relation to Post-Anthesis Water Deficits   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T. Zhang  Z. Wang  Y. Yin  R. Cai  S. Yan  & W. Li 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(1):1-8

Post-anthesis soil moisture condition is closely associated with grain yield and quality in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). To investigate the effect of post-anthesis water deficit (WD) on starch content and granule size distribution, pot-experiments were conducted in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons, using five wheat cultivars with different amylose content. The result showed that the grain starch granules had a bimodal curve in the volume and surface area distribution, and a unimodal curve was found in number distribution. Post-anthesis WD reduced the B-granules (<10 μm in diameter) volume % and surface area % in Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901, increased the proportion in Weimai10, whereas the effect on those in Jinan17 and Shannong15 was not significant. Post-anthesis WD decreased the number % of <2 μm starch granules, significantly in all cultivars. The amylose content was negatively correlated with the volume of <10 μm and positively correlated to >15 μm starch granules, respectively, suggesting that small starch granules (<10 μm) are low in amylose content, whereas, big starch granules (>15 μm) are high. The results indicate that the grain starch granule size distributions of Jinan17 and Shannong15 with high amylose content were less affected by WD, than those of Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901 with low amylose content.  相似文献   

磷酰胺除草剂APM诱导洋葱根尖分生组织细胞异常有丝分裂和蛋白质组分变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王振英  程罗根  陈宏  彭永康 《作物学报》2003,29(4):545-550

研究了不同浓度APM(4～6 μmol/L)和不同处理时间(4～6 h)对洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响.结果表明,当用5.6 μmol/L APM处理洋葱分生组织16 h后,中期细胞有丝分裂指数(Met.Ⅰ)从0.8(对照)分别提高至5.0、5.2.结果也同时表明,当APM浓度超过4 μmol/L时,严重影响细胞有丝分裂.在根尖细胞中,多极分裂细胞(尤其是3～4级),中期染色  相似文献   

大豆品种的再生性能及对EHA 101农杆菌的敏感性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王岚  T Clemente  王连铮  辛世文  黄其满 《作物学报》2003,29(5):664-669

大豆转化可利用农杆菌和子叶节转化系统,bar基因作为选择标记,草丁膦作为选择试剂.用5-6 d发芽的种子的子叶节作外植体,在子叶节处划5-6下,用含pPTN 140的农杆菌EHA 101感染后,共培养3 d,用含抗生素的洗液洗去外植体上的农杆菌,将外植体放入5 mg/L草丁膦的长芽培养基,两周后统计不同大豆品种的再生率,4周后做GUS染色对含pPTN1  相似文献   

金银花多酚氧化酶特异性与抑制剂动力学研究     

罗磊  周燕燕  朱文学  杨彬  屈政  康新艳 《农业机械学报》2014,45(7):202-208

对金银花多酚氧化酶底物特异性和不同抑制剂的抑制效应进行了动力学分析,结果表明:金银花多酚氧化酶的最适作用底物为绿原酸,Km值为0.0059 mmol/L。维生素C、4-己基间苯二酚、L-半胱氨酸对多酚氧化酶的抑制均属可逆抑制,其抑制类型分别属于混合性、竞争性、反竞争性,对游离酶的抑制常数KI分别为1.620、4.587、0 mmol/L,对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数KIS分别为1.995、0、3.780 mmol/L;柠檬酸的抑制效应属不可逆抑制。维生素C、4-己基间苯二酚、L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸对金银花多酚氧化酶半抑制浓度分别为0.062、0.053、0.140、0.048 mmol/L。  相似文献   

酶—湿热处理对锥栗淀粉理化特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢涛  亢灵涛  唐正辉  杨春丰  高娟 《农业机械学报》2015,46(2):222-227

采用酶-湿热处理锥栗淀粉,研究酶用量与脱支时间对复合变性锥栗淀粉理化特性的影响。结果表明:酶-湿热处理锥栗淀粉的晶型均为A型,且预期血糖指数(p GI值)大多低于55%,属于低p GI值食品。由体外消化动力学分析、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、差示扫描量热、高效阴离子色谱-脉冲安培检测等实验分析得出,酶-湿热处理锥栗淀粉的抗性淀粉含量、分子链平均聚合度(DP值)、相对结晶度和熔融焓等随酶用量和脱支时间的变化表现为3个阶段,尤其在第2阶段,即当酶用量在50~60 U/g且反应时间在12~16 h范围内时,因分子链DP值适合重新聚合形成稳定的结晶结构,抗性淀粉含量、相对结晶度和熔融焓均达到最大。  相似文献   

小型割前脱粒收获机双滚筒恒速控制研究     

刘宏博  何培祥  蒋猛  袁瑛  康杰  赵进  朱康熹 《农机化研究》2016,(9):210-213,223

对一种小型割前脱粒收获机双滚筒恒速控制问题进行了研究。建立了行走速度与滚筒角速度的数学模型,确定了在作物密度不可控的情况下,可以通过控制行走速度来稳定滚筒角速度。进行基本试验得到了收获机在额定工作时的喂入量和滚筒转速范围,以此作为恒速控制的基准值。在实际工作过程中,滚筒转速传感器实时检测滚筒转速反馈给控制器,控制器通过控制步进电机调节变量泵排量来控制收获机减速或加速,从而稳定滚筒转速。试验结果表明:该控制系统提高了割前脱粒收割机双滚筒工作转速的稳定性,减轻了操作者的劳动强度。  相似文献   

基于高光谱图像技术预测苹果大小   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程国首  郭俊先  肉孜·阿木提  饶秀勤  亢银霞  石砦 《农机化研究》2012,34(6):108-112

以新疆红富士苹果为研究对象,探讨应用高光谱图像技术和最小外接矩形法预测其大小的研究方法。提取苹果高光谱图像中可见红色区域受色度影响较小的713nm以及近红外区域793和852nm的3个波长图像,做双波段比运算处理。比较所得双波段比图像可知,852/713双波段比图像中背景和前景灰度对比度最大。对该图像做阈值分割以及形态闭运算去除果梗区域,使用8邻接边界跟踪法得到二值图像的轮廓坐标序列,采用最小外接矩形法求苹果的大小,与实测值建立回归方程。结果表明,基于高光谱图像技术采用波段比算法,结合最小外接矩形法,能够有效地检测苹果大小,预测值与实际值最大绝对误差为3.06mm,均方根误差为1.21mm。  相似文献   

双辊秸秆还田旋耕机试验   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

李永磊  宋建农  康小军  董向前  姜洪喆  彭维钦 《农业机械学报》2013,44(6):45-49

阐述了粉碎刀辊正转、旋耕刀辊反转的双辊秸秆还田机结构特点和作业机理.基于土槽试验台设计了室内旋耕耕作部件试验装置.室内试验结果表明,双辊作业模式具有良好的植被性能和相对较低功耗,其应用于双辊秸秆还田旋耕机是可行的.研制了双辊秸秆还田旋耕机并进行了玉米秸秆还田性能试验,试验结果表明双辊秸秆还田旋耕机可一次完成直立玉米秸秆还田、旋耕碎土等联合作业,秸秆粉碎合格率、根茬破碎率、植被覆盖率、碎土率等可达90％以上.  相似文献