Effects of combinations amongst genes Lr13, Lr34 and Lr37 on components of resistance in wheat to leaf rust   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

F. J. KLOPPERS  & Z. A. PRETORIUS 《Plant pathology》1997,46(5):737-750

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Variability amongst strains of Fusarium poae assessed by vegetative compatibility and RAPD polymorphism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Z. KERÉNYI  É. TÁBORHEGYI  A. POMÁZI  & L. HORNOK 《Plant pathology》1997,46(6):882-889

Vegetative compatibility tests and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to assess genetic relationships amongst 54 strains of Fusarium poae obtained from various geographical regions. Twenty-seven strains were assigned to eight multiple member vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), while the other 27 isolates were found to form single-member VCGs. There was a partial correlation between VCG and geographical origin, but the relationship was not always clear. However, no correlation was observed between the VCG and the host plant of origin. RAPD patterns were closely associated with VCGs in all cases. Members of VCGs that were interconnected by bridging isolates formed common branches in the phenogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD patterns, while strains that belonged to single-member VCGs were scattered throughout the phenogram. These data demonstrate that the combination of traditional and molecular methodologies allows reliable intraspecific subdivisions in an asexual fungus, which is a secondary invader of a wide range of host plants, and so has never been subject to the intense selection pressure of a single host species and lacks pathogenic subgroups.  相似文献   

Biological control in Hungary: present situation and possibilities1     

E. DORMANNS-SIMON  C. BUD AI  Z. ILOVAI 《EPPO Bulletin》1997,27(1):49-52

Biological control has already achieved certain results in Hungary, especially against soil-borne fungi and glasshouse pests. Nevertheless, experience has shown that locally found biological agents, however effective, could not be developed into registered, ready-for-sale plant protection products because of the lack of companies willing to invest. Biological control in Hungary is therefore limited to the conservation of natural antagonistic flora and fauna and to the application of imported biopesticides and bioagents, which are subject in Hungary to a registration procedure similar to that for chemical plant protection products. Current work includes the development of an anti-nematode product from a local strain of Arthrobotrys oligospora, application techniques for a local mirid Dicyphus hyalinipennis against insect pests, studies with native and imported strains of the nematodes Steinernema and Heterorhabditis against soil-borne insect pests, and introduction techniques for the chrysomelid Zygogramma sutularis against the weed Ambrosia elatior.  相似文献   

Visualization of the effect of a surfactant on the uptake of xenobiotics into plant foliage by confocal laser scanning microscopy     

Z Q Liu  R E Gaskin  & J A Zabkiwicz 《Weed Research》2004,44(3):237-243

A radiolabelling method is generally used to determine the foliar uptake of xenobiotics. This technique cannot provide any information on the localization of chemicals inside leaf tissues. The influence of an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant on the uptake of three fluorescent dyes, difluorofluorescein (hydrophilic), rhodamine B (moderately lipophilic) and a naphthalimide dye (lipophilic), into the leaves of three contrasting species, bean (Vicia faba), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea), at 16 h after treatment was measured using a conventional wash‐off method and also visualized in vivo by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Whereas the lipophilic dyes showed greater intrinsic uptake than the hydrophilic one, the enhancing effect of the surfactant on uptake was more pronounced for the latter. CLSM revealed that the presence of the surfactant increased the transport of difluorofluorescein into the epidermal cells of bean and wheat leaves, but not cabbage leaves. Rhodamine B showed greatest transcuticular diffusion in all three species, but most of the dye moved into the vacuole of the epidermal cells. The naphthalimide dye was strongly retained by the wax–cuticle layer of all species, even in the presence of the surfactant. CLSM has proven to be an attractive tool for studying xenobiotic diffusion. The results obtained using fluorescent dyes are believed to be applicable to the foliar uptake of herbicides.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of the resistance inducer prohexadione‐Ca against fireblight in shoots of apple trees inoculated with Erwinia amylovora1     

T. Bubn  L. Fldes  Z. Fekete  W. Rademacher 《EPPO Bulletin》2004,34(3):369-376

Due to the lack of effective, non‐phytotoxic and publicly acceptable materials for controlling fireblight in pome fruit trees, novel strategies against Erwinia amylovora are being sought. Resistance‐inducing compounds, such as prohexadione‐Ca, represent promising alternatives. Prohexadione‐Ca is the active substance of the bioregulator Regalis, currently being introduced in several European countries and overseas. Prohexadione‐Ca reduces shoot elongation due to inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis. Furthermore, it leads to significant changes in the spectrum of flavonoids and their phenolic precursors in pome fruits, which causes reduced susceptibility to fireblight and other pathogens. In 2002 and 2003, container‐grown apple trees of the cultivars ‘Idared’ and ‘Freedom’ were treated with different dosages of prohexadione‐Ca two weeks before inoculation with E. amylovora. The effect of prohexadione‐Ca against shoot blight was determined by measuring the lengths of necrotic lesions and symptoms on vascular bundles caused by the pathogen. Treatments with prohexadione‐Ca turned out to be much superior to the ones with streptomycin, kasugamycin and a bacterial antagonist, which were used for comparison. Acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (Bion), another resistance‐inducing compound, was included in some of the experiments and gave intermediate results. The simultaneous control of excessive shoot growth and shoot infections by fireblight is seen as a major advantage of using prohexadione‐Ca in pome fruit trees.  相似文献   

Identification of differentially expressed genes in adipose tissue of min pig and large white pig using RNA-seq     

W. T. Wang  D. J. Zhang  Z. G. Liu  F. G. Peng  L. Wang  B. Fu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(2):73-80

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Long-term study (2005–2010) on the vaccination with BoHV-1 glycoprotein E-deleted marker vaccine in selected two dairy herds in Turkey     

Feray Alkan  S. Bilge-Dagalp  Z. Karapınar  M. O. Timurkan  N. Coskun  I. Burgu 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(2):353-363

A follow-up study from 2005 to 2010 was carried out in two herds where eradication programme for the bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) infection depends on the vaccination with inactivated glycoprotein E-deleted vaccine that was started in 2001 following the vaccination with inactivated conventional vaccine between 1999 and 2001. For serological screening, a total of 12,976 sera sampled over several sampling times approximately 6 months of interval during 5 years (2005–2010) were tested for glycoprotein E (gE)- and glycoprotein B-specific antibodies using ELISA. According to the serological evidence, the long-term persistence of BoHV-1 antibodies, success of marker vaccine, first vaccination time of the calves in herds regularly vaccinated, etc. were discussed in this paper. In conclusion, the vaccination programme using gE (?) marker vaccines, with making efforts to prevent the other factors about transmission of infection, was suggested for the eradication of BoHV-1 infection in Turkey as many EU countries. This is the first report on the BoHV-1 eradication programme in some dairy cattle in Turkey.  相似文献   

Risk factors and indicators of reduced welfare of grazing dairy cows from selected smallholder dairy farms in Midlands Province,Zimbabwe     

Z. Matore  P. Woods  S. Kagler 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(5):1059-1064

Zimbabwe’s smallholder dairying faces many challenges that affect the welfare of dairy cows; however, the status of this welfare has not yet been determined. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Midlands Province on 41 active smallholder dairy farms with 86 cows in winter and summer to determine the risk factors and indicators to impaired cow welfare. These objectives were achieved using farmer questionnaires and direct observations. Eleven percent of the observed cows were severely lame in summer while only 5% were severely lame in winter. Lameness was significantly associated with season, absence of shade, breed, and low dipping frequency; 58% of the cows had low body condition scores (BC?<?3) and this low BC was associated with low frequency of protein (p?=?0.002) and vitamin (p?=?0.012) supplementation recorded in more than 52% of the farms visited. In winter, only 11% of the observed cows were heavily soiled (score 3), while in summer 64% of the cows were heavily soiled and this was associated with slurry accumulation in more than 80% of the observed cattle pens as well as the study season (p?<?0.001). A quarter (26%) of the studied animals had visible teat lesions on the teat skin and this was associated with the type of lubricant used (p?=?0.011). Only 34% of the cows allowed an approaching stockman to touch them and this was associated with shouting (p?=?0.012) and whipping of cows (p?=?0.002). The study concluded that welfare of dairy cows was poor in most of the smallholder dairy farms studied.  相似文献   

Effects of p.o. administered xylitol in cats          下载免费PDF全文

Á. Jerzsele  Z. Karancsi  E. Pászti‐Gere  Á. Sterczer  A. Bersényi  K. Fodor  D. Szabó  P. Vajdovich 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(3):409-414

Xylitol is commonly used as sugar substitute in households. While it has numerous beneficial effects on human health, it is highly toxic to dogs. The goal of this study was to examine whether xylitol has similar deleterious effects, such as hypoglycaemia and acute hepatic failure, on cats. Our research included six healthy middle‐aged cats. Xylitol was dissolved in deionized water and administered p.o. at three doses (100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight). These dosages have been considered toxic and can cause liver failure or even death in dogs. After every xylitol administration, the basic health status and the blood glucose of cats were observed regularly. Additionally, prior to and 6, 24 and 72 hr after xylitol administration, blood samples were taken to check complete blood count, clinical biochemical parameters and enzymes such as ALT, ALKP, GGT, GLDH, bile acids, BUN, creatinine, phosphate, total protein, albumin, sodium and potassium. There were no significant changes (p > .05) in any of the haematological or biochemical parameters. Blood glucose concentrations did not show any significant alterations, except at 1,000 mg/kg dose, where a mild but significant increase was observed, but it was in physiological range. Based on our results, xylitol did not induce toxic effects on cats.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of suppository acetaminophen in healthy and hospitalized ill dogs          下载免费PDF全文

E. R. Sikina  J. F. Bach  Z. Lin  R. Gehring  B. KuKanich 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(5):652-658

To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of suppository acetaminophen (APAP) in healthy dogs and clinically ill dogs. This prospective study used six healthy client‐owned and 20 clinically ill hospitalized dogs. The healthy dogs were randomized by coin flip to receive APAP orally or as a suppository in crossover study design. Blood samples were collected up to 10 hr after APAP dosing. The hospitalized dogs were administered APAP as a suppository, and blood collected at 2 and 6 hr after dosing. Plasma samples were analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. In healthy dogs, oral APAP maximal concentration (C_MAX=2.69 μg/ml) was reached quickly (T_MAX=1.04 hr) and eliminated rapidly (T1/2 = 1.81 hr). Suppository APAP was rapidly, but variably absorbed (C_MAX=0.52 μg/ml T_MAX=0.67 hr) and eliminated (T_1/2 = 3.21 hr). The relative (to oral) fraction of the suppository dose absorbed was 30% (range <1%–67%). In hospitalized ill dogs, the suppository APAP mean plasma concentration at 2 hr and 6 hr was 1.317 μg/ml and 0.283 μg/ml. Nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling did not identify significant covariates affecting variability and was similar to noncompartmental results. Results supported that oral and suppository acetaminophen in healthy and clinical dogs did not reach or sustain concentrations associated with efficacy. Further studies performed on different doses are needed.  相似文献