Phenolic extractives from the bark of Pinus sylvestris L. and their effects on inflammatory mediators nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2     

Karonen M  Hämäläinen M  Nieminen R  Klika KD  Loponen J  Ovcharenko VV  Moilanen E  Pihlaja K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(25):7532-7540

The anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) bark extract were studied. The pine bark extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extractions and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography to reveal the most potent constituents. The phenolic compositions of three pine bark samples obtained, a crude extract, a chloroform fraction, and a semipreparative fraction, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detection and/or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, eight compounds were isolated and identified by NMR and MS techniques. In total 28 phenolic compounds were identified. The effects of the three pine bark samples on the synthesis of two proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2), were measured. It was shown that pine bark contains compounds that inhibit the production of these proinflammatory mediators.  相似文献   

Relation between the endogenous antioxidant system and the quality of extra virgin olive oil under accelerated storage conditions     

Hrncirik K  Fritsche S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2103-2110

Three monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) were subjected to accelerated storage conditions (60 degrees C, dark) representative of the autoxidation process during shelf life. Oxidation markers, i.e., the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, the oil stability index, and minor components, were monitored. The changes in minor components, related to the stage of ongoing oxidation and expressed as a percentage of the induction period (IP), followed a similar pattern in all oils: o-diphenols diminished by the highest rate (halved within 15% of the IP), followed by alpha-tocopherol (halved within 35% of the IP). Carotenoids and chlorophylls were also affected by autoxidation, whereas squalene showed high stability (<20% loss within 100% of the IP). Polar phenols (especially o-diphenols) and alpha-tocopherol were deduced to be the most potent antioxidants of EVOO. They efficiently inhibited oxidative lipid deterioration and subsequent development of sensory defects (rancidity, discoloration), which occurred only after substantial depletion of these antioxidants. Therefore, they could also be used as markers for the oxidative status of EVOO particularly in the early stage of oxidation.  相似文献   

Ecophysiology of the cave isopod Mesoniscus graniger (Frivaldszky, 1865) (Crustacea: Isopoda)     

Vladimír &#x;ustr  Dana Elhottov  Vclav Kri&#x;tfek  Alena Luke&#x;ov  Alena Novkov  Karel Tajovský  Jan T&#x;íska 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2005,41(3-4):69-75

Feeding biology and thermal adaptations of the terrestrial isopod Mesoniscus graniger were studied. M. graniger is a depigmented isopod mainly inhabiting cave systems, although it has also been reported in endogeic (soil) habitats. Physiological adaptations are expected to reflect the unique environmental characteristics of caves, including restricted food sources, and stable microclimate with temperatures not exceeding about 10 °C and high relative humidity. The M. graniger from Domica and Ardovská caves (Slovakian Karst) were investigated. We identified organic deposits with associated microorganisms as sources exploited by M. graniger and assessed how these might supply essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in its nutrition. Algae, fungi and bat guano were found as the most important potential resources of PUFA for isopods. Digestive enzymes amylase, trehalase, saccharase and maltase were confirmed in the whole body homogenates of isopods; neither cellulolytic activity nor activities against xylan, laminaran and lichenan were observed. Amylase, maltase and cellobiase activities were also observed in bacterial strains isolated and cultured from isopod midgut, and may account for the measured whole-animal activities. In an artificial temperature gradient, M. graniger selected temperature 3.5 ± 5.4 °C with lower and upper extremes of –1.5 and 18.5 °C. Respiration, as measured by VO₂, was almost independent of temperature between 5 and 10 °C, then increased between 10 and 30 °C. These ecophysiological measures are consistent with adaptation to a stenothermal environment.  相似文献   

Millipedes (Diplopoda) in birds nests     

Karel Tajovský  Andrej Mock  Miroslav Krumpl 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2001,37(4)

Nests of birds represent an unusual microhabitat for diverse groups of soil and epigeic invertebrates including millipedes. The millipede faunas of 301 birds nests from 63 localities throughout Slovakia were obtained by heat extraction of the nest substrates. In total 18 species of millipedes were found in 7 different types of nests of 40 bird species. The most frequent millipede species were Polyxenus lagurus and Proteroiulus fuscus. The similarities in the millipede nidifauna depending on the type of nests, ecological characteristics and geographical distribution of millipede species are discussed.  相似文献   

Functional polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes for innate immunity in farm animals     

Karel Novák 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2014,157(1-2):1-11

The exploitation of the genetic factors affecting the health status of farm animals represents an alternative approach to controlling the diseases caused by microbial pathogens. The determination of innate immunity based on the genotype of the germplasm cells is a constraint for specificity but becomes an advantage in breeding schemes. The structural deviations among Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the most frequently studied innate immunity components, have been documented at all levels, i.e., interspecific, inter- and intravarietal, in the main farm species. The current computational methods facilitate the prediction of the functional consequences of the observed mutations. Subsequently, these predictions can be verified through immunological responsiveness and population-wide association studies. The frequency and haplotype grouping of individual polymorphisms are used to track the origin and selection coefficient as independent indicators of functional changes. The Toll-like receptor variants associated with mastitis and mycobacterial infection have been identified in cattle, consequently, the targeting of these proteins in breeding could contribute to disease control. The range of infections affected by TLR polymorphisms suggests that the improvement of innate resistance is feasible in more species. Thus, the traditional breeds and wild populations should be regarded as the resources of genetic variability accessible for these purposes.  相似文献   

Morphometric and genetic analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus</Emphasis> complex from an artificial wetland in Morava River floodplain,Czech Republic     

Lukáŝ Veteŝník  Ivo Papouŝek  Karel Halačka  Věra Lusková  Jan Mendel 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):817-822

A Carassius auratus complex from an artificial wetland in the Morava River basin is composed of triploid females. Based on body depth, sampled females could be divided into two groups: (i) high-dorsal (42.5% of standard length); and (ii) low-dorsal (36.1% of standard length). Both groups differed also in number of gill rakers (50.2 versus 45.4, respectively). In concordance with morphological differences, genetic analysis proved the existence of two haplotypes in examined individuals. The first haplotype is bound to the high-dorsal form with higher number of gill rakers. This is the most frequent haplotype in populations of the C. a gibelio form in the Czech Republic. The second haplotype is characteristic of the low-dorsal form with a lower number of gill rakers. This haplotype is close to haplotypes described in the C. a. langsdorfii form, which is known from Japan. and its occurrence within haplotypes specified in European territory is sporadic.  相似文献   

Early cell-mediated immune responses to Marek's disease virus in two chicken lines with defined major histocompatibility complex antigens   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Garcia-Camacho L  Schat KA  Brooks R  Bounous DI 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,95(3-4):145-153

N2a and P2a chickens, resistant and susceptible to Marek's disease (MD), respectively, were used to examine relationships between major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK)-like cell activity with resistance to infection with Marek's disease virus (MDV). Ten-day-old chickens were infected with MDV and euthanatized at selected times to evaluate for NK cell and MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. The N2a MDV-infected chickens had an early cell-mediated immune response characterized by a sustained NK-like cytotoxicity that coincided with a measurable MHC-cytotoxicity that was lower than controls. Although MHC-restricted and NK cell cytotoxicity was demonstrated in P2a MDV-infected chickens at 8 dpi, both abruptly decreased and remained low for the remainder of the 20-day experiment. The critical time point that may determine the resistance to MD appears to be within the first 2 weeks post-infection. Improvement of the chicken NK cell activity may be a good candidate for both selection and immunomodulation MD control programs.  相似文献   

Serotypes and anti-microbial susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates from humans, animals and aquatic environments in different countries     

González-Rey C  Svenson SB  Bravo L  Siitonen A  Pasquale V  Dumontet S  Ciznar I  Krovacek K 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2004,27(2):129-139

A total of 73 strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from humans (24 strains) animals (21 strains) and aquatic environment (28 strains) were determined for their O:H serotype and susceptibility to 18 anti-microbial substances and to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Of all strains, 86.3% were typeable by the O and 94.5% by the H anti-sera used. The serotype distribution was heterogeneous within a country and between the countries. Of the 57 different serotypes identified, O11:H2 (2 strains), O22:H3 (4 strains), O35:HH11 (2 strains), O52:H3 (2 strains) and O90:H6 (2 strains) were found among isolates from humans and animals (mainly in cats) in Finland and Cuba, and O23:H1a1b (3 strains) among isolates from environmental sources in Slovak Republic and Italy. Most (93-100%) of all strains were susceptible to all anti-microbials tested but resistant (92-96%) to the broad-spectrum penicillins (ampicillin, mezlocillin). No correlation between anti-microbial resistance patterns and serotypes was found.  相似文献   

Chronic chlordane toxicity: Effect on blood biochemistry of Meriones hurrianae Jerdon,the Indian desert gerbil     

A.K. Karel  S.C. Saxena 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1976,6(2):111-114

Indian desert gerbils, administered with repeated doses of 2.5 mg/kg body weight chlordane to study the chronic toxic effects, show changes in serum proteins, blood glucose, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities. The effect of chlordane includes hyperproteinemia, hyperglycemia, enhanced serum alkaline and acid phosphatase activity. Possible reasons for changes are discussed.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial Pekin ducks in New York   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Banda A  Galloway-Haskins RI  Sandhu TS  Schat KA 《Avian diseases》2007,51(1):90-95

The genetic organization of the duck circovirus (DuCV) 33753-52 detected in commercial Pekin duck flocks from Long Island, NY, is described. The nucleotide sequence of virus 33753-52 exhibited high similarity with DuCVs previously detected in Germany and Hungary. It is possible that this DuCV from New York shares the same ancestor with the European counterparts. The virus 33753-52 exhibited genetic features characteristic of other circoviruses, such as the presence of two major open reading frames (rep and cap), two intergenic regions, one stem-loop structure, four intergenic direct repeats, and the conserved motifs for the rolling circle replication and for the dNTP binding domain in the Rep protein. This report is the first report of the presence of DuCV in commercial Pekin duck farms in the United States. The clinical and pathologic significance of DuCV in the duck farms located on Long Island needs to be clarified. DuCv was detected in culled birds, due to low body development, leg deformities, or arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus and Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 4 were isolated from some of the DuCV-positive birds. The apparent low prevalence of the virus suggests that at this time, this infection is not a significant problem for the duck industry in New York. However, the immunosuppressive properties of this virus need to be clarified as well as its role as a predisposing agent for other diseases.  相似文献