Breeding maize lines for complete and partial resistance to maize streak virus (MSV)     

Anne Rodier  J. Assié  J. -L. Marchand  Y. Hervé 《Euphytica》1995,81(1):57-70

Summary S₁ to S₅ inbred lines, derived from a maize population bred for its overall resistance to three tropical viruses, were screened for resistance to maize streak virus (MSV) by artificial plant infection using viruliferous leafhoppers. Symptoms were rated and intra-line frequency distributions studied for all pedigree inbred lines. Mortality due to MSV was very low among these inbreds. Symptoms appeared later, developed slower and were less severe than in the susceptible control hybrid. Results of a study of 500 S₁ and 93 S₂ lines suggested that resistance is under genetic control via a system involving loci with major genes (with dominance for resistance) controlling high to complete resistance, associated with a genetic system involving loci with minor genes controlling partial resistance. Lines expressing complete resistance to MSV were developed from 5 cycles of inbreeding and selection. The relevance of such complete and partial resistance is discussed.Abbreviations MRPS Mean Rating for Plants exhibiting Symptoms  相似文献   

Identification and Inheritance of Fertility Restorer Genes for 'tour' CMS in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)     

Y. S. Sodhi    A. K. Pradhan    J. K. Verma    N. Arumugam    A. Mukhopadhyay  D. Pental 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(3):223-227

Eighteen genotypes of Brassica napus were crossed to a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of B. napus BO 15 carrying B. tournefortii cytoplasm (‘tour’ cytoplasm). Fourteen genotypes were found to be stable maintainers of the ‘tour’ CMS. Of the remaining four genotypes, GSL-1 and ‘Asahi-natane’ were found to be heterozygous and ‘Mangun’ and ‘Yudal’ were homozygous for the restorer gene. Analysis of the F₁ and F₂ progenies of (CMS) BO 15 בMangun’ and (CMS) BO 15 בYudal’ showed that fertility restoration is controlled by a single dominant gene. The availability of a number of stable maintainer lines and the simple inheritance pattern of fertility restorer gene makes ‘tour’ CMS a useful system for hybrid seed production in rapeseed.  相似文献   

Limited but specific variations of seed storage proteins in Japanese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. Tanaka  M. Tomita  H. Tsujimoto  Y. Yasumuro 《Euphytica》2003,132(2):167-174

The electrophoretic banding patterns ofgliadin in common wheat lines derived fromJapan were determined byacid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For the 107 wheat lines used in our study,27 different patterns were identified, 13corresponding to the -gliadin, 8 tothe , -gliadin and 6 to the-gliadin. The gliadin patterns ofJapanese wheat cultivars and landracesgreatly differed from the patterns of wheatlines from other countries, and thevariation seen in wheat lines from Japanwas limited to 46 patterns. Sevencollection or breeding areas in Japanshowed different frequencies in theirgliadin patterns. Combining the gliadinpatterns with high molecular weightglutenin subunit compositions, 67combinations were observed. One gliadinpattern consisting of -gliadinpattern F, , -gliadinpattern H and -gliadin pattern Dwas frequently found in many Japanese wheatlines, though the other patterns werelimited to only one or two wheat lines.  相似文献   

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees     

J.J. Hu  Y.C. Tian  Y.F. Han  L. Li  B.E. Zhang 《Euphytica》2001,121(2):123-127

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Factors influencing tissue culture responses of mature seeds and immature embryos in turf-type tall fescue   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

Y. Bai  R. Qu 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(3):239-242

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of turf‐type tall fescue for genetic transformation, the effects of five culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with immature embryos and mature seeds of an elite cultivar, ‘Coronado’, as explant tissues. For both explants, calli induced on 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP)‐containing medium had significantly improved regeneration ability. The optimal concentration of BAP for the induction of regenerable callus from mature seeds was 0.1 mg/l. Thidiazuron also improved callus regeneration frequency of mature seeds. Casein hydrolysate, L‐proline and myo‐inositol improved callus induction of immature embryos but not mature seeds. They did not improve callus regeneration frequencies with either explant tissue. By simply slicing the mature seeds into two halves longitudinally, the callus induction frequencies, as well as the corresponding overall plant regeneration frequencies, were increased approximately three‐ to six‐fold in all three combinations of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and BAP in callus induction media.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of presence and absence of lint and fuzz in cotton   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

X. M. Du    J. J. Pan    R. H. Wang    T. Zh.  Zhang Y. Zh.  Shi 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(6):519-522

Cotton fibre mutants that were fuzzless and/or lintless were crossed with each other and a normal genotype (fuzzy, linted) to produce F₂ and BC₁ generations. F₂ segregation ratios from the cross of fuzzless‐lintless × fuzzy‐linted, for fuzzy‐linted, fuzzless‐linted and fuzzless‐lintless were 45 : 15 : 4. From the cross of fuzzless‐lintless × fuzzy‐linted, the F₂ segregation ratios were 9 : 39 : 16 whereas the BC₁F₁ segregation ratios from the F₁ backcrossed to fuzzless‐lintless were 1 : 3 : 4. These data suggest that the presence or absence of lint and fuzz are controlled by the interaction of four gene loci on non‐homologous chromosomes. We designate these loci as N₁, N₂, Li₃ and Li₄, where N₁ N₁ confers the presence of fuzzy, N₂N₂ confers inhibition of fuzzy initiation and development, and duplicate gene pairs, Li₃Li₃ and Li₄Li₄, determine the presence of lint. Homozygosity for li₃li₃ and li₄li₄ might also inhibit fuzz from development. In other words, they were recessive epistatic to fuzz genes.  相似文献   

A high-resolution map of the rice blast resistance gene Pi15 constructed by sequence-ready markers     

F. Lin    Y. Liu    L. Wang    X. Liu    Q. Pan 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(3):287-290

The gene Pi15 for resistance of rice to Magnaporthe grisea was previously mapped to a ≈0.7-cM region on chromosome 9. To further define the chromosomal region of the Pi15 locus, a contig spanning the locus was constructed, in silico , through bioinformatics analysis using a reference sequence of the cultivar 'Nipponbare'. One simple sequence repeat marker adopted from the International Rice Microsatellite Initiative and six candidate resistance gene (CRG) markers, developed from gene annotation of the reference sequence of the contig, were used for linkage analysis in a mapping population consisting of 504 extremely susceptible F₂ plants. The Pi15 locus was delimited to a ≈0.5-cM region flanked by the markers CRG5 and CRG2 and co-segregated with the markers BAPi15₇₈₂, CRG3 and CRG4, which was physically converted to a 44-kb interval.  相似文献   

Comparison of aluminium tolerance in the brassicas and related species     

B. Huang    Y. Liu    X. Xue  L. Chang 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(4):360-362

The aluminium tolerance of 31 varieties within 11 species in six genera of the Cruciferae was determined by measuring root length under aluminium stress. Variance analysis indicated highly significant differences of aluminium tolerance among the species compared. Raphanus sativus (2n= 18, RR) had the highest aluminium tolerance, followed by Brassica carinata (2n= 34, BBCC), Brassica oleracea (2n= 18°C) and Brassica napus (2n= 38, AACC), which had the C genome. There might be more than one gene for aluminium tolerance in the R and C genomes. Those species such as Brassica campestris (2n= 20, AA), Brassica nigra (2n= 16, BB), Brassica juncea (2n= 36, AABB), Arabidopsis thaliana (2n= 10, arar), Sinapis alba (2n= 24, alal), Cheiranthus cheiri (2n= 12, chch) and Orychophragmus violaceus (2n= 24, OO) that did not include the R or C genome had lower aluminium tolerances. Transfer of aluminium tolerance from R. sativus into the cultivated brassicas seems possible by intergeneric hybridization and the production of addition, substitution or translocation lines.  相似文献   

Yield Formation in Mediterranean durum wheats under two contrasting water regimes based on path-coefficient analysis     

L.?F.?García?del?MoralEmail author  Y.?Rharrabti  S.?Elhani  V.?Martos  C.?Royo 《Euphytica》2005,146(3):203-212

The components of grain yield are altered by adverse growing conditions as the effects of certain environmental factors on crop growth and yield differ depending upon the developmental stages when these conditions occur. Path-coefficient analysis was used to investigate the main processes influencing grain yield and its formation under Mediterranean conditions. Twenty-five durum wheat genotypes, consisting of four Spanish commercial varieties and 21 inbred lines from the ICARDA durum wheat breeding program, were grown during 1997 and 1998 under both rainfed and irrigated conditions in southern Spain. {P}ath-coefficient analysis revealed that under favourable conditions grain yield depended in equal proportion on the three primary yield components (i.e. spikes m⁻², grains spike⁻¹, and mean grain weight), whereas in the rainfed experiments, variations in grain yield were due mainly to spikes m⁻² and to a lesser extent to grains spike⁻¹. Compensatory effects were almost absent under irrigated treatments; however, under water shortage, spikes m⁻² exerted a negative influence on grain spike⁻¹ due mainly to a negative interrelationship between tiller production and apical development. These compensatory effects could partially explain the restricted success in durum wheat breeding observed in water-limited environments of the Mediterranean region. Under rainfed conditions the number of spikes m⁻² depended mainly on the ability for tiller production, whereas in the irrigated experiments the final number of spikes was determined mostly by tiller survival.  相似文献   

Evaluation of 'quick and dirty' DNA extraction methods for marker-assisted selection in rice (Oryza sativa L.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B. C. Y. Collard    A. Das    P. S. Virk    D. J. Mackill 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(1):47-50

Six simple methods for extracting DNA from rice seedlings were evaluated for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). The assessment of each method was based on PCR amplification of SSR markers, DNA yield and purity, time and cost. Based on these criteria, two methods were selected as being superior to other methods. The best two methods included the standard method developed at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), which utilizes a sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction buffer followed by chloroform/isoamyl alcohol extraction and a previously published method using sodium hydroxide and Tris. These two methods produced nearly identical PCR amplification results. The sodium hydroxide method is considerably simpler, quicker and cheaper than the standard IRRI method, and may be particularly useful for many applications of MAS or high‐resolution mapping. This method was also adapted into an effective high throughput method utilizing 96‐well plates emphasizing its versatility.  相似文献