Comparing the potential effectiveness of conservation planning approaches in central North Carolina, USA     

George R. Hess  Frank H. Koch  Katherine A. Eschelbach  Jorie M. Favreau 《Biological conservation》2006,128(3):358-368

We compared four approaches to conservation site selection to protect forest biodiversity in the Triangle Region of North Carolina, USA. Using biological inventory data and an inventory-based conservation plan as benchmarks, we evaluated the potential effectiveness of a focal species plan and three “simple” plans (large forested patches, close to wetlands and riparian areas, diverse forest types). Effectiveness was measured in three ways: the number of inventory elements captured at least once by the plan (representation), the total number of inventory elements captured (completeness), and the proportion of land in the inventory-based plan included (overlap). We further examined the potential effectiveness of the simple plans by calculating their overlap with land identified by the focal species approach. The simple and focal species plans did not differ markedly in terms of representation, but diverged when completeness and overlap were considered. Although representation rates for all four plans were relatively high, lower rates for completeness and overlap raise concerns about long-term viability. The simple plans did not identify the same lands as the focal species plan, and are thus unlikely to provide appropriate habitat for the focal species. Each approach we tested failed to capture some subset of species and communities, highlighting the importance of explicit conservation targets and consideration of ecological processes. Forced to act quickly and with little data, our findings suggest using initially a set of complementary simple plans, each focused on a different habitat type. This should be considered a stopgap measure, however, while more sophisticated plans are constructed, defining explicit conservation targets and considering ecological processes.  相似文献   

CAUDAL VENOUS RETURN THROUGH A LEFT AZYGOS VEIN IN A DOG     

Carl D.  Sammarco  BVSc  Joan  Regan  VMD  Cynthia R.  Ward  VMD  PhD  James D.  Buchanan  DVM  M Med Sci 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(6):517-518

The Clinical, radiologic and echocardiographic findings in a one-year old dog with mild subvalvular aortic stenosis and aberrant caudal vena circulation are described. Aberrant systemic venous return to the right side of the heart usually has little clinical significance, but the unusual features in survey radiographs, contrast angiograms and contrast echocardiograms constitute the reasons for this report.  相似文献   

Complications of Celiotomy Incisions in Horses     

DAVID A. WILSON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    GORDON J. BAKER BVSc  PhD  MRCVS  Diplomate ACVS  MICHAEL J. BOERO DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(6):506-514

Complications of celiotomy incisions were evaluated retrospectively in 274 horses that survived at least 1 month after surgery, or died or were euthanatized within 1 month of surgery, as a direct result of these complications. Horses were divided into four groups; group A, a ventral median celiotomy for intestinal disease; group B, ventral median celiotomy for nonintestinal disease; group C, repair of an umbilical hernia; and group D, celiotomy in a region other than the midline. Specific incisional complications were peri-incisional edema, drainage, incisional abscess, suture sinus, and dehiscence. Incision-related complications occurred in 30% of the horses (group A, 40%; group B 18%; group C, 7%; and group D, 88%). Complications occurred more frequently in group D than group A ( P =.009), which were higher than in groups B and C ( P <.00001). Incisional hernia occurred in 28 of 256 (11%) horses that survived at least 4 months and were available for follow-up. Hernia formation was more common ( P <.00001) in horses that had other incisional complications (23 horses) than those without (5 horses). Serous or purulent incisional drainage, were more likely to be associated with hernia formation than was serosanguineous drainage or other incisional complications.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF REGION OF INTEREST SELECTION AND UPTAKE MEASUREMENT ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE MEASURED BY ^99mTc-DTPA SCINTIGRAPHY IN DOGS     

Naruepon  Kampa  DVM  Ursula  Wennstrom  DVM  Peter  Lord  BVSc  FRCVS  Robert  Twardock  DVM  PhD  Enn  Maripuu  BSc  Per  Eksell  DVM  PhD  Sten-Olof  Fredriksson  BSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(4):383-391

Determinations of different methods of measurement of uptake of 99mTc-DTPA using scintigraphy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were made from 29 studies on 10 healthy beagle dogs. GFR was measured by calculating the percentage dose uptake (integral method) and rate of uptake (slope method) of 99mTc-DTPA using manual kidney regions of interest (ROI) and automatic kidney and background ROIs at different time periods of the uptake phase. These results were compared using linear regression analysis to the GFR obtained from 99mTc-DTPA plasma clearance using multiple blood samples. The best correlation coefficient between percentage DTPA uptake and GFR by DTPA clearance (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) was derived from time intervals between 30s-120s with a perirenal background ROI at 1 or 2 pixels out from the kidney ROI using automatic kidney ROI at 20% threshold. With the slope method, the best correlation coefficient (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) was obtained from time intervals between 30s-peak with the background ROI at 2 pixels out from the kidney ROI using automatic ROI at 35% threshold. The offset was higher, and the correlation varied more with different ROIs and the method was unreliable at time intervals extending beyond the peak radioactivity. Manual kidney ROIs with automatic background ROIs had slightly lower correlations. With DTPA renography both integral and slope uptake method with automatic kidney and background ROIs are accurate methods to estimate the GFR, but that the integral method is much more stable to variations in ROI size and the duration of the uptake phase of the renogram.  相似文献   

Abundant PrP(CWD) in tonsil from mule deer with preclinical chronic wasting disease.     

Katherine I O'Rourke  Dongyue Zhuang  Amy Lyda  Gabriel Gomez  Elizabeth S Williams  Wenbin Tuo  Michael W Miller 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(4):320-323

A monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay was used to evaluate detergent lysates of tonsil tissue from mule deer to detect PrP(CWD), the marker for the cervid transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (CWD). Samples of formalin-fixed brain and tonsil tissues from mule deer were examined for PrP(CWD) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Mab F99/97.6.1, the gold standard for diagnosis of preclinical CWD. The contralateral tonsil from each of the 143 deer was prepared for confirmatory IHC and as a 10% (wt/vol) detergent lysate without purification or enrichment steps for monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay. PrP(CWD) was detected by dot-blot assay in 49 of 50 samples considered positive by IHC. Forty-eight of the positive samples were evaluated with a quantitative dot-blot assay calibrated with recombinant PrP. Tonsillar PrP(CWD) concentrations ranged from 34 to 1,188 ng per 0.5 mg starting wet weight of tissue. The abundant PrP(CWD) in mule deer tonsil will facilitate development and validation of high-throughput screening tests for CWD in large populations of free-ranging deer.  相似文献   

THE SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SOLID PHASE GASTRIC EMPTYING IN NORMAL CATS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Phillip F.  Steyn  BVSc  MRCVS  MS  David  Twedt  DVM  Wanda  Toombs  CVT 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(4):327-331

The gastric emptying half-time of solid food in normal cats was determined using a scintigraphic technique. ^99mTc-sulfur colloid was applied to dry food. Sequential images were acquired post prandial, and the gastric emptying half-time was determined for several different acquisition and processing parameters. Good correlation was found between different acquisition and processing methods, some of which made use of edge detection applications, while others used different views, or number of views from which the gastric emptying half-time was calculated. The mean ± standard deviation, (range) and median of the gastric emptying half-time determined using the geometric mean of total counts in hand-drawn regions of interest from the lateral and ventral images were 2.47 × 0.71, (1.42–3.61) and 2.37 hours respectably.  相似文献   

Comparative Evaluation of Two Surgical Scrub Preparations in Cattle     

ANDRÉ DESROCHERS DMV  MS    GUY ST-JEAN DMV  MS  Diplomate ACVS    DAVID E. ANDERSON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    DONNA P. ROGERS BS  M.M. CHENGAPPA BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(4):336-341

One hundred seventeen cattle that had undergone surgery were assigned randomly to two preoperative skin preparation protocols. Group 1 (60 animals) skin preparation was with povidone-iodine soap and isopropyl alcohol, whereas group 2 (57 animals) had skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol. Quantitative microbial culture plates were used to estimate the number of colony forming units (CFUs) before skin preparation (prescrub), after skin preparation (postscrub), after surgery (postoperative), and in room air (environment). A significant decrease in CFU occurred postscrub for both skin preparations ( P <.05). Chlorhexidine and alcohol preparation resulted in significantly fewer CFUs (LSMean ± SE = 2.79 CFU ± 1.74) and a greater percentage reduction in CFUs (98.64%± 2.01) postscrub than povidone and alcohol (LSMean ± SE = 10.27 CFUs ± 1.51, 93.29%± 1.85); ( P <.005). Group 2 had a significantly higher frequency of negative cultures postscrub (49.1%) compared with group 1 (18.3%) ( P <.001). The number of postoperative CFUs were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Wound infection frequency for clean surgical procedures was not significantly different between the two skin preparation protocols (group 1 = 9.8%, group 2 = 10.7%), however, infection frequency was significantly higher for surgical procedures with a ventral abdominal approach (5 of 14, 35.7%), compared with a flank approach (1 of 41, 2.4%) or other approaches (orthopedic procedures) (1 of 16, 6.3%) ( P <.05). Both skin preparation protocols were effective and safe in decreasing the skin microflora population of cattle before surgery and although preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate and alcohol resulted in less CFUs immediafly postscrub, the frequency of surgical wound infection was similar for both protocols.  相似文献   

Radical Lateral Body-Wall Resection for Fibrosarcoma With Reconstruction Using Polypropylene Mesh and a Caudal Superficial Epigastric Axial Pattern Flap: A Prospective Clinical Study of the Technique and Results in 6 Cats     

David A. Lidbetter  BVSc  MVS  CertSAS  MACVSc  MRCVS    Fred A. Williams Jr.  DVM  Diplomate ACVS  D. J. Krahwinkel  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  ACVA  ACVECC    William H. Adams  DVM  Diplomate ACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(1):57-64

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a technique for radical resection of the lateral body wall for treatment of fibrosarcoma with reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Six client-owned cats with fibrosarcoma. METHODS: Six cats with histologically confirmed fibrosarcoma of the lateral body wall were staged using radiography and/or computer tomography scanning. Preoperative radiotherapy was used in 3 cats. All cats had the lateral abdominal wall resected and reconstructed with polypropylene mesh. A caudal superficial epigastric flap was mobilized and rotated to close the skin deficit. The animals were evaluated after surgery for wound complications, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Outcome was assessed by patient examination and client consultation. RESULTS: Minor dehiscence of the skin flaps occurred in 2 cats, and 1 other cat was successfully resuscitated from respiratory and cardiac arrest after surgery. All tissue specimens were tumor-free at the surgical margins. Follow-up times ranged from 12 to 21 months, with a mean time of 17.2 months. None of the cats had evidence of local tumor recurrence or metastasis; outcome was judged good to excellent in all cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Radical lateral body-wall resection and reconstruction is an effective technique for achieving local tumor control with acceptable patient morbidity. Further studies are needed to assess whether the technique will result in improved tumor-free intervals and survival times.  相似文献   

Synovitis Subsequent to Total-Hip Arthroplasty with and Without Hydroxyapatite Coatings: A Study in Dogs     

Gail I. Anderson  BVSc  MSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    Kent Orlando  BSc  DDS    James P. Waddell  MD  FRCS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(4):311-318

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings applied to metal total-hip-replacement components increased synovitis in the coxofemoral joint of dogs. Study Design-An in vivo research trial and histologic study. ANIMALS: Twenty-three large, mixed-breed dogs. METHODS: Arthroplasty components were implanted with HA on neither stem nor cup, or with HA applied to either the femoral component or with both stem and cup having HA applied in 23 dogs. Synovial inflammation was scored 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Synovial membrane thickness; polyethylene particulate load; fibrin exudate; membrane edema; mitotic index; giant-cell, mononuclear histiocyte, lymphocyte, and polymorph number; and collagen degeneration were scored and statistical analyses performed. RESULTS: Operated-side synovial thickness was greatly increased relative to control. Fibrin deposition, intramembranous edema, and collagen degeneration were similar within each time interval among the various component groups. The majority of inflammatory scores among the groups were unchanged. In this 12-month study, the presence of HA coatings appear not to have a marked impact on the development of synovial inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: HA-coated components do appear to contribute somewhat to the inflammatory load within the periprosthetic environment, but this effect is not marked. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The major advantage of HA addition to arthroplasty components is enhanced osteoconductivity around metallic surfaces. The slight increase in particulate load seen in the presence of HA coatings may contribute to the development of aseptic loosening of arthroplasty components, but is unlikely to be the major causative factor.  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF PERIPHERAL NERVES DURING WALLERIAN DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION FOLLOWING TRANSECTION     

J.A. Hudson  DVM  PhD  J.E. Steiss  DVM  PhD  K.G. Braund  BVSc  MVSc  PhD  FRCVS  M. Toivio-Kinnucan  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1996,37(4):302-312

Ultrasonography was performed on sciatic, tibial and/or peroneal nerves and interosseous muscles in 7 dogs using a ultrasound machine with a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. A tibial nerve was transected near the distal aspect of the bellies of the gastroenemius muscle. Serial neurologic examinations, electromyography, and ultrasonography were performed before and after surgery. Dogs were euthanized at variable intervals and histopathology performed on nerve samples. In sagittal images, normal nerves had hyperechoic walls with multiple internal linear echoes. In transverse images, the nerves were round or oval hyperechoic structures with internal punctate echoes. After transection, the proximal stump was consistently seen whereas the distal stump and nerve were harder to identify. Neuromas were present in all 5 dogs followed beyond 2 days and appeared as hypoechoic bulbous swellings most apparent at 3 weeks after surgery. Only 1 dog developed a neuroma large enough to be considered of potential clinical significance. Four dogs were followed beyond 2 months. Regeneration was evidenced by a steady growth of nerve with an irregular outline (2 dogs) or by a knobby connection between the proximal and distal stumps (1 dog). Regeneration was not detected in 1 dog.  相似文献