Effects of oral potassium supplementation on acid-base status and plasma ion concentrations of horses during endurance exercise     

Hess TM  Kronfeld DS  Williams CA  Waldron JN  Graham-Thiers PM  Greiwe-Crandell K  Lopes MA  Harris PA 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(3):466-473

OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of oral supplementation with an experimental potassium-free sodium-abundant electrolyte mixture (EM-K) with that of oral supplementation with commercial potassium-rich mixtures (EM+K) on acid-base status and plasma ion concentrations in horses during an 80-km endurance ride. ANIMALS: 46 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Blood samples were collected before the ride; at 21-, 37-, 56-, and 80-km inspection points; and during recovery (ie, 30-minute period after the ride). Consumed electrolytes were recorded. Blood was analyzed for pH, PvCO2, and Hct, and plasma was analyzed for Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, lactate, albumin, phosphate, and total protein concentrations. Plasma concentrations of H+ and HCO3-, the strong ion difference (SID), and osmolarity were calculated. RESULTS: 34 (17 EM-K and 17 EM+K treated) horses finished the ride. Potassium intake was 33 g less and Na+ intake was 36 g greater for EM-K-treated horses, compared with EM+K-treated horses. With increasing distance, plasma osmolarity; H+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, phosphate, lactate, total protein, and albumin concentrations; and PvCO2 and Hct were increased in all horses. Plasma HCO3-, Ca2+, and Cl- concentrations were decreased. Plasma H+ concentration was significantly lower in EM-K-treated horses, compared with EM+K-treated horses. Plasma K+ concentrations at the 80-km inspection point and during recovery were significantly less in EM-K-treated horses, compared with EM+K-treated horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increases in plasma H+ and K+ concentrations in this endurance ride were moderate and unlikely to contribute to signs of muscle fatigue and hyperexcitability in horses.  相似文献   

Residues of diuron and phytotoxic degradation products in aquatic situations. I. Analytical methods for soil and water     

Kathleen H. Bowmer  John A. Adeney 《Pest management science》1978,9(4):342-353

Thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography, ultraviolet analysis and bioassay with Chlorella spp. have been used to investigate the pathway of degradation of diuron to phytotoxic derivatives when diuron was used as a soil-residual herbicide in irrigation canals. Observations suggest that 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylurea and 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea make a contribution to total residues equivalent to a maximum of about 40 and 55%, respectively, of diuron concentrations. Application of a phyto-toxicity rating suggests that in this environment, measurement of diuron specifically would underestimate the total phytotoxicity of residues by a maximum of about 7%.  相似文献   

Surface phosphatase activity of Sitka spruce mycorrhizas from a serpentine site     

I.J. Alexander  Kathleen Hardy 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1981,13(4):301-305

The p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity of mycorrhizal roots of Sitka spruce from a phosphorus deficient site was inversely proportional to the concentrations of 0.5 n acetic acid-extractable phosphorus in the decaying organic matter from which the roots were removed. This is interpreted as the derepression of phosphatase synthesis under conditions of inorganic P deficiency and is discussed in relation to the possible roles of mycorrhizal surface phosphatase activity.  相似文献   

Factors associated with client, staff, and student satisfaction regarding small animal euthanasia procedures at a veterinary teaching hospital     

Martin F  Ruby KL  Deking TM  Taunton AE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(11):1774-1779

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing satisfaction with procedures for small animal euthanasia and to compare the relative importance of those factors among clients, staff, and students at a veterinary teaching hospital. DESIGN: Survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: 18 nonclinical hospital staff members, 13 clinical staff members, 10 veterinary technicians, 19 veterinary students, and 91 clients. PROCEDURE: Participants were asked to complete a survey that was designed to assess satisfaction with various aspects of the euthanasia procedure. RESULTS: Overall response rate was 48% (151/313). Respondents most strongly agreed with the statements that clients should have the option to be present, that having a private place was important, and that employees should be trained to attend to the emotional needs of the client. When asked to place factors in order of importance, those that were ranked the highest included compassionate and caring attitudes of the hospital employees, the option for the client to be present during the euthanasia, and the client being informed and well prepared. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Overall, all groups (nonclinical staff, clinical staff, veterinary technicians, veterinary students, and clients) identified the same factors as being important in the euthanasia of a pet. Results may help facilitate healthy euthanasia experiences.  相似文献   

Salmonella serotypes in selected classes of food animal carcasses and raw ground products, January 1998 through December 2000     

Rigney CP  Salamone BP  Anandaraman N  Rose BE  Umholtz RL  Ferris KE  Parham DR  James W 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(4):524-530

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Effects of ketanserin on hypergranulation tissue formation, infection, and healing of equine lower limb wounds          下载免费PDF全文

Engelen M  Besche B  Lefay MP  Hare J  Vlaminck K 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2004,45(2):144-149

The objective of this multicentre, randomized, controlled field study was to determine the efficacy of ketanserin gel in preventing exuberant granulation tissue formation (hypergranulation) and infection in equine lower limb wounds. Horses and ponies (n = 481) with naturally occurring wounds were randomized to either topical treatment with ketanserin gel (n = 242) or a positive control (Belgium, Germany: ethacridin lactate solution, n = 120; France, United Kingdom: malic, benzoic, and salicylic acid [MBS] cream, n = 119). Treatment continued until the wound healed (success), formed hypergranulation tissue (failure), or became infected (failure). Treatment was terminated after 6 months in all remaining animals. Ketanserin was successful in 88% of cases. Wounds treated with ketanserin were 2 and 5 times more likely to heal successfully than were those treated with MBS or ethacridin lactate, respectively. Ketanserin gel is thus more effective than these standard treatments in preventing hypergranulation tissue and infection of equine lower limb wounds.  相似文献   

Effect of elevated temperature on development of tocopherolquinones in oils     

Rennick KA  Warner K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):2188-2192

Studies were conducted to determine the formation of tocopherolquinones (TOCQ) in heated sunflower (SUN) and soybean (SBO) oils with and without enrichment with added alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOC). Samples of the heated oils were extracted with acidified hot methanol and analyzed for changes in TOC contents and TOCQ levels by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the oils without added alpha-TOC, the alpha-TOC in SUN significantly decreased from 829 ppm at 0 h to 183 ppm at 5 h and to 0 ppm by 10 h. In contrast, alpha-TOCQ increased from 0 ppm at 0 h to 87 ppm at 5 h and 104 ppm at 10 h. The level of alpha-TOC in SBO decreased from 138 ppm at 0 h to 99 and 98 ppm after 5 and 10 h, respectively, with an increase in alpha-TOCQ from 0 ppm at 0 h to 29 ppm at 5 h and 53 ppm at 10 h. In the oils with added alpha-TOC, the alpha-TOC in the SUN decreased rapidly from 1128 ppm at 0 h to 225 ppm at 5 h and 28 ppm at 10 h; however, the alpha-TOC in the SBO was 1176 ppm at 0 h, 367 ppm by 5 h, and 242 ppm at 10 h. There was a corresponding increase of alpha-TOCQ in SUN with added alpha-TOC from 0 ppm at 0 h, 127 ppm at 5 h, and 164 ppm at 10 h, whereas the alpha-TOCQ in SBO with added alpha-TOC changed from 0 ppm initially to 159 ppm by 5 h and 187 ppm at 10 h. As expected, SUN with no added alpha-TOC formed significantly more alpha-TOCQ than the SBO. However, SBO with added alpha-TOC had significantly more alpha-TOCQ than the SUN with added alpha-TOC even though the alpha-TOC levels at 0 h were similar. These results indicate that TOCQs are formed easily from the decomposition of alpha-TOC and could be potential antioxidants even as alpha-TOC decomposes.  相似文献   

Teaching non-technical (professional) competence in a veterinary school curriculum     

Burns GA  Ruby KL  Debowes RM  Seaman SJ  Brannan JK 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2006,33(2):301-308

Data from focused studies and comprehensive surveys suggest that developing or enhancing non-technical (professional) skills will result in a more satisfied and successful veterinary student or veterinary graduate. The College of Veterinary Medicine at Washington State University has devoted considerable time, effort, and resources to augmenting the non-technical aspects of its curriculum while maintaining the traditional strengths of its DVM program. Here we summarize pertinent research and best-practice recommendations from a variety of sources and outline the steps that have been taken, with the underlying rationales, to integrate the teaching and modeling of non-technical (professional) competence throughout a four-year course of veterinary study.  相似文献   

The future of training for aquatic animal health veterinarians     

Hartman KH  Yanong RP  Harms CA  Lewbart GA 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2006,33(3):389-393

This article describes educational approaches for training veterinary students, veterinary graduates, and practicing veterinarians in the area of aquatic animal health and lists a range of general research, training, internship/residency, and continuing-education resources.  相似文献   

Age-dependent seroprevalence of antibodies against a Helicobacter pylori-like organism and Helicobacter pylori in commercially reared swine     

Ellis JA  Waldner CL  McIntosh KA  Rhodes C  Harding JC  Ringler SS  Krakowka S 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(11):1890-1894

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of antibodies against a swine-origin Helicobacter pylori-like organism (HPLO) and H pylori in conventionally reared swine. ANIMALS: 640 conventionally reared swine of various ages from 16 high-health farms in Canada, 20 sows from Ohio, and 35 gnotobiotic swine. PROCEDURES: Blood was collected from the cranial vena cava. Sera were collected and tested via ELISA for antibodies against antigen prepared from a swine-origin HPLO and human H pylori strain 26695. RESULTS: Antibodies reactive with a swine HPLO, H pylori, or both were detected in 483 of 640 swine from all 16 farms in western Canada. Seroprevalence varied with age and was low (5.6%) in suckling ( 4 weeks old to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that colonization by a swine-origin HPLO, H pylori, or both and resultant seroconversion, like that of H pylori infection in humans, were common in commercial swine operations. Furthermore, data indicated that gastric infection was acquired at an early age. The relationships to gastric colonization by HPLOs and clinical manifestations of disease such as gastritis and gastroesophageal ulceration remain to be determined.  相似文献