Computed tomographic evaluation of abdominal fat in minipigs     

Jinhwa Chang  Joohyun Jung  Hyeyeon Lee  Dongwoo Chang  Junghee Yoon  Mincheol Choi 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(1):91-94

Computed tomography (CT) exams were conducted to determine the distribution of abdominal fat identified based on the CT number measured in Hounsfield Units (HU) and to measure the volume of the abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat in minipigs. The relationship between the CT-based fat volumes of several vertebral levels and the entire abdomen and anthropometric data including the sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference were evaluated. Moreover, the total fat volumes at the T11, T13, L3, and L5 levels were compared with the total fat volume of the entire abdomen to define the landmark of abdominal fat distribution. Using a single-detector CT, six 6-month-old male minipigs were scanned under general anesthesia. Three radiologists then assessed the HU value of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat by drawing the region of interest manually at the T11, T13, L1, L3, and L5 levels. The CT number and abdominal fat determined in this way by the three radiologists was found to be correlated (intra-class coefficient = 0.9). The overall HU ranges for the visceral and subcutaneous fat depots were -147.47 to -83.46 and -131.62 to -90.97, respectively. The total fat volume of the entire abdomen was highly correlated with the volume of abdominal fat at the T13 level (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrate that the volume of abdominal adipose tissue measured at the T13 level using CT is a strong and reliable predictor of total abdominal adipose volume.  相似文献   

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats     

Min‐Jung GU  Md. Jahangir ALAM  Seon‐Ho KIM  Che‐Ok JEON  Moon‐Baek CHANG  Young‐Kyoon OH  Sang‐Cheol LEE  Sang‐Suk LEE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):663-672

Molecular diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Korean black goats was investigated with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries using methanogen‐specific primers. The libraries were composed of rumen fluid‐associated methanogens (FAM) and rumen particle‐associated methanogens (PAM) from rumen‐fistulated Korean black goats. Among the 141 clones of the FAM library, the sequences were mostly related to two phyla, the Methanobacteriaceae family (77.3%) and the Thermoplasmatales family (22.7%); and among the 68 clones of the PAM library, sequences were also mainly clustered in the two phyla, the Thermoplasmatales family (63.24%) and the Methanobacteriaceae family (35.29%). Most of the sequenced clones in the two libraries were closely related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that PAM (8.97 log 10) had significantly higher (P < 0.01) density of methanogens by the methanogenic 16S rRNA gene copies than FAM (7.57 log 10). The two clone libraries also showed difference in Shannon index (FAM library 1.70 and PAM library 1.59) and Chao 1 estimator (FAM library 18 and PAM library 17 operational taxonomic units). Apparent differences found in the microbial community from the two 16S rRNA gene libraries could be a result of such factors as the chemical and physical nature of the target material surface, types or component of diets, the interaction between the methanogens and other microbes, and age of the experimental goats.  相似文献   

Using metabolic profiling to assess plant-pathogen interactions: an example using rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa)</Emphasis> and the blast pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnaporthe grisea</Emphasis>     

Oliver A. H. Jones  Mahon L. Maguire  Julian L. Griffin  Young-Ho Jung  Junko Shibato  Randeep Rakwal  Ganesh K. Agrawal  Nam-Soo Jwa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(4):539-554

A metabolomics based approach has been used to study the infection of the Hwacheong rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hwacheong) with compatible (KJ201) and incompatible (KJ401) strains of the rice blast fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. The metabolic response of the rice plants to each strain was assessed 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h post inoculation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Gas and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS/MS) were used to study both aqueous and organic phase metabolites, collectively resulting in the identification of 93 compounds. Clear metabolic profiles were observed at each time point but there were no significant differences in the metabolic response elicited by each pathogen strain until 24 h post inoculation. The largest change was found to be in alanine, which was ~30% (±9%) higher in the leaves from the compatible, compared to the resistant, plants. Together with several other metabolites (malate, glutamine, proline, cinnamate and an unknown sugar) alanine exhibited a good correlation between time of fungal penetration into the leaf and the divergence of metabolite profiles in each interaction. The results indicate both that a wide range of metabolites can be identified in rice leaves and that metabolomics has potential for the study of biochemical changes in plant-pathogen interactions.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and agitation rate on the formation of conjugated linoleic acids in soybean oil during hydrogenation process.     

M O Jung  S H Yoon  M Y Jung 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(6):3010-3016

The effects of hydrogen temperature and agitation rate on the formation of total conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and CLA isomers were studied during hydrogenation with a selective Ni catalyst. The CLA isomers were identified by using a 100-m cyano-capillary column gas chromatograph and a silver ion-impregnated HPLC. Reaction temperature and agitation rate greatly affected the quantities of total CLA and individual CLA isomers, and the time to reach the maximum quantity of CLA in the partially hydrogenated soybean oil. As the hydrogenation temperature increased, the maximum quantity of CLA in soybean oil increased, but the time to reach the maximum CLA content decreased. By increasing the hydrogenation temperature from 170 to 210 degrees C, the quantity of CLA obtained was about 2.6 times higher. As the agitation rate decreased, the CLA formation in soybean oil increased, and the time to reach the maximum CLA content also increased. The maximum CLA contents in soybean oil obtained during hydrogenation at 210 degrees C with agitation rates of 300, 500, and 700 rpm were 162.82, 108.62, and 66.15 mg total CLA/g oil, respectively. The present data showed that it is possible to produce high-CLA-content soybean oil without major modification of fatty acid composition by short-time (10 min) selective hydrogenation under high temperature and low agitation rate conditions.  相似文献   

Evaluating mustard extracts for earthworm sampling     

Kwong-Yin Chan  Katrina Munro 《Pedobiologia》2001,45(3)

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Fermentation of a bacterial cellulose/xylan composite by mixed ruminal microflora: implications for the role of polysaccharide matrix interactions in plant cell wall biodegradability     

Weimer PJ  Hackney JM  Jung HJ  Hatfield RD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(5):1727-1733

Growth of the cellulose-synthesizing bacterium Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 53524 in media supplemented with 5% (w/v) glucose and 0.2% (w/v) of a water-soluble, nearly linear xylan from tobacco stalks resulted in the synthesis of a highly crystalline composite having a xylose/glucose ratio ranging from 0.06 to 0.24. The digestion of one composite (88% cellulose/12% xylan) by mixed ruminal microflora displayed kinetics of gas production similar to those of an unassociated mixture of the two components added in a xylan/cellulose ratio similar to that of the composite. The data suggest that intimate association of xylan and cellulose, as is typically found in secondary plant cell walls, does not inhibit the rate of digestion of the component polysaccharides.  相似文献   

Fresh Israeli Jaffa blond (Shamouti) orange and Israeli Jaffa red Star Ruby (Sunrise) grapefruit juices affect plasma lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in rats fed added cholesterol   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gorinstein S  Leontowicz H  Leontowicz M  Krzeminski R  Gralak M  Martin-Belloso O  Delgado-Licon E  Haruenkit R  Katrich E  Park YS  Jung ST  Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4853-4859

The bioactivity of Israeli Jaffa blond (Shamouti) fresh orange and Israeli Jaffa red Star Ruby (Sunrise) grapefruit juices was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The contents of bioactive compounds of these juices were determined. The influence of bioactive compounds on plasma lipids and plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets was assessed. Significant differences in the contents of dietary fibers were not found. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in fresh orange and grapefruit juices were 962.1 +/- 27.2 and 906.9 +/- 27.1; 50.1 +/- 3.3 and 44.8 +/- 3.2; and 69.9 +/- 5.6 and 68.7 +/- 5.5 microg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant potential measured by the scavenging activity against nitric oxide, the beta-carotene-linoleate model system (beta-carotene), and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamonium salt assays was higher in orange juice but not significantly. A high level of correlation between contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant potential values of both juices was found. Diets supplemented with orange and to a lesser degree with grapefruit juices improved plasma lipid metabolism only in rats fed added cholesterol. However, an increase in the plasma antioxidant activity was observed in both groups. In conclusion, fresh orange and grapefruit juices contain high quantities of bioactive compounds, which guarantee their high antioxidant potential, and the positive influence on plasma lipid metabolism and plasma antioxidant activity could make fresh orange and grapefruit juices a valuable supplement for disease-preventing diets.  相似文献   

Modulations of the Bcl-2/Bax family were involved in the chemopreventive effects of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Jo EH  Hong HD  Ahn NC  Jung JW  Yang SR  Park JS  Kim SH  Lee YS  Kang KS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1715-1719

Recently, cancer chemoprevention with strategies using foods and medicinal herbs has been regarded as one of the most visible fields for cancer control. Genistein in soy, American ginseng, and resveratrol are well-known to have antiproliferative properties in human breast cancer. Licorice root is a botanical, a shrub native to southern Europe and Asia, which primarily has desirable qualities in sweetening and herbal medicine. In this study, licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) root also inhibits cell proliferation in human breast cancer cell. The cell proliferation study demonstrated that licorice root reduced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The extracts were fractionated in CHCl(3), EtOAc, C(6)H(14), and CH(3)OH-H(2)O (70:30), and these extracts of licorice root (50 microg/mL) induced DNA fragmentation demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining. Apoptosis also determined the sub-G1 accumulation by flow cytometry analysis. These results were consistent with specific cleavage of PARP and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulation of proapoptotic protein Bax demonstrated by Western blotting. Our findings suggest that licorice root may have chemopreventive effects against human breast cancer through the modulation of the expression of the Bcl-2/Bax family of apoptotic regulatory factors.  相似文献   

Methylation methods for the quantitative analysis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in various lipid samples   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Park SJ  Park CW  Kim SJ  Kim JK  Kim YR  Park KA  Kim JO  Ha YL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(5):989-996

Precise methylation methods for various chemical forms of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which minimize the formation of t,t isomers and allylmethoxy derivatives (AMD) with the completion of methylation, were developed using a 50 mg lipid sample, 3 mL of 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol, and/or 3 mL of 20% tetramethylguanidine (TMG)/methanol solution(s). Free CLA (FCLA) was methylated with 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol (55 degrees C, 5 min). CLA esterified in safflower oil (CLA-SO) was methylated with 20% TMG/methanol (100 degrees C, 5 min), whereas CLA esterified in phospholipid (CLA-PL) was methylated with 20% TMG/methanol (100 degrees C, 10 min), followed by an additional reaction with 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol (55 degrees C, 5 min). Similarly, CLA esterified in egg yolk lipid (CLA-EYL) was methylated by base hydrolysis, followed by reaction with 1.0 N H(2)SO(4)/methanol (55 degrees C, 5 min). These results suggest that for the quantitative analysis of CLA in lipid samples by GC, proper methylation methods should be chosen on the basis of the chemical forms of CLA in samples.  相似文献   

Structure of a new echinocystic acid bisdesmoside isolated from Codonopsis lanceolata roots and the cytotoxic activity of prosapogenins     

Lee KT  Choi J  Jung WT  Nam JH  Jung HJ  Park HJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(15):4190-4193

We isolated a new saponin named codonoposide (1) from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) and characterized it as 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-3beta,16alpha-dihydroxyolean-28-oic acid 28-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] ester by chemical, physicochemical, and 2DNMR techniques. Complete hydrolysis of 1 produced a sapogenin (1a), and the partial hydrolysis and further isolation afforded two prosapogenins (1b, 1c). The structures of 1a, 1b, and 1c were found to be 3beta,16alpha-dihydroxyolean-28-oic acid (echinocystic acid, 1a), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside of 1a, and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside of 1a, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data. On MTT assay, 1a showed marginal cytotoxic activity whereas 1b exhibited more cytotoxicity than 1a. However, the bisdesmosylsaponin 1 exhibited no cytotoxicity (IC(50)>0.3 mM against tested cell lines). This result indicated that glycoside linkage of glucuronic acid at C-3 enhances the cytotoxicity of sapogenin (1a), and additive glycosylation of xylose to 1b strongly enhances the cytotoxicity of 3-O-monosaccharides (1b). Therefore, true forms of codonoposide for the cytotoxicity must be sapogenins or prosapogenins.  相似文献