Effects of feeding condensed barley distillers soluble on growth rate,ruminal fermentation,plasma metabolites,and myofiber properties of the longissimus thoracis muscle in Japanese Black calves     

Katsuhiko Tsuruoka  Takami Kurahara  Hidenobu Kanamaru  Hideyuki Takahashi  Takafumi Gotoh 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(5):637-648

This study evaluated the effects of condensed barley distillers soluble (CBDS) on growth rate, rumen fermentation, plasma metabolite, and myofiber properties, and gene expression related to metabolism in the skeletal muscles of Japanese Black calves, compared with soybean meal and corn. Twenty‐four calves were divided into four groups: fed 5% CBDS based on the hay dry matter weight (low CBDS) and fed soybean meal and corn at the same nutrition level (control); and fed 15% CBDS based on the hay dry matter weight (high CBDS) and fed soybean meal and corn at the same nutrition level (high soy). The daily gain was larger in the low (p = 0.08) and high (p < 0.05) CBDS groups compared with the control group. In the CBDS‐fed groups, plasma β‐hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were significantly higher at 6 months of age (p < 0.05), the percentage of type I myofibers was significantly lower and their diameters were significantly larger at 9 months of age (p < 0.05), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b mRNA expression was significantly lower (p < 0.05) and citrate synthase mRNA expression tended to be lower (low; p = 0.06, high; p = 0.05) compared with control group. Thus, feeding CBDS promotes growth and leads to animals with more glycolytic and less oxidative muscle metabolism.  相似文献   

Microbial degradation of nonylphenol in some aquatic environments     

Katsuhiko Fujii  †  Naoto Urano  Shigeru Kimura  Yoko Nomura    Isao Karube 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(1):44-48

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Detection of intra- and interspecific variation of the dry rot fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Serpula lacrymans</Emphasis> by PCR-RFLP and RAPD analysis     

Sakae?HorisawaEmail author  Yoh?Sakuma  Katsuhiko?Takata  Shuichi?Doi 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(5):427-432

We investigated a genotype-based assay to discriminate the dry rot fungi Serpula lacrymans. DNAs were extracted from 74 isolates from the northern half of Japan, and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes of isolates were checked by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using two enzymes, Taq I and Hha I. Among the 74 isolates identified as S. lacrymans in terms of morphologic features, 5 isolates were shown to have been misidentified. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted in order to detect the intraspecific diversity of S. lacrymans isolated in Japan. Because no relation between geographical origin and genetic distances was observed, the intraspecific diversity of S. lacrymans is suggested to be small.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002  相似文献   

Relationship between production of hydroxyl radicals and degradation of wood, crystalline cellulose, and a lignin-related compound or accumulation of oxalic acid in cultures of brown-rot fungi     

Shohei Kaneko  Katsuhiko Yoshitake  Shuji Itakura  Hiromi Tanaka  Akio Enoki 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(3):262-269

The degradation of wood, filter paper cellulose, and a lignin-substructure model, was measured in cultures of seven fungi usually regarded as brown-rot fungi. Hydroxyl radical production and the accumulation of oxalic acid in the cultures were also measured. Four of the fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Tyromyces palustris, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Postia placenta, were typical brown-rot fungi, in that they preferentially degraded and eliminated the polysaccharides in wood and produced large amounts of hydroxyl radical. The rates of hydroxyl radical generation in cultures of the four fungi were directly proportional to the degradation rates of wood, cellulose, and the lignin-related compound, and inversely proportional to the amount of oxalic acid in the cultures. Two of the fungi, Daedalea dickinsii and Lentinus lepideus, did not degrade any of the substrates significantly and produced very little hydroxyl radical. Coniophora puteana had the highest rate of cellulose degradation, but did not degrade wood or the lignin model significantly and produced only negligible amounts of hydroxyl radical. These results indicate that brown-rot fungi produce large amounts of hydroxyl radical for the degradation of wood and crystalline cellulose.  相似文献   

Persorption of luminal antigenic molecule and its specific antibody via apoptotic epithelial cells of intestinal villi and Peyer's patches into peripheral blood in rats     

Yuji M  Tsubata M  Chin K  Onishi S  Inamoto T  Qi WM  Warita K  Yokoyama T  Hoshi N  Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1297-1305

The possibility of persorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules from mucous epithelial cells and its mechanism were investigated in rats orally pre-immunized by BSA for 14 consecutive days. In the small and large intestines, both the BSA antigen (BSA-Ag) and its specific antibody (SpAb) were absorbed by the epithelial cells at the late apoptotic stage (ApoEp), and were subsequently transcytosed by membranes of the small vesicles. The basal cytoplasms containing highly-concentrated BSA-Ag and SpAb were occasionally fragmented into small cytoplasmic droplets that were secreted into the lamina propria. In Peyer's patches, both BSA-Ag and SpAb were more actively absorbed and transcytosed toward the dome area by the ApoEp of the dome apex than by the M cells. BSA-Ag and SpAb were finally persorbed into the portal blood and lymph, but were never secreted into the bile. They were also engulfed by macrophage-like cells in the villous lamina propria, mesenteric lymph node and spleen, and by hepatocytes in the liver. These findings suggest that sensitized soluble luminal antigens are taken up by ApoEp in the small intestine and are finally persorbed into the peripheral blood. The uptake of luminal antigen might be mediated by its luminal SpAb.  相似文献   

N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea induces retinal photoreceptor damage in adult rats     

Yoshizawa K  Sasaki T  Uehara N  Kuro M  Kimura A  Kinoshita Y  Miki H  Yuri T  Tsubura A 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(1):27-35

Seven-week-old male Lewis rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) (100, 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg), and retinal damage was evaluated 7 days after the treatment. Sequential morphological features of the retina and retinal DNA damage, as determined by a TUNEL assay and phospho-histone H2A.X (γ-H2AX), were analyzed 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hr, 7 days, and/or 30 days after 400 mg/kg ENU treatment. Activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was analyzed immunohistochemically by poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) expression in response to DNA damage of the retina. All rats that received ≥ 400 mg/kg of ENU developed retinal degeneration characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells in both the central and peripheral retina within 7 days. In the 400 mg/kg ENU-treated rats, TUNEL-positive signals were only located in the photoreceptor cells and peaked 24 hr after ENU treatment. The γ-H2AX signals in inner retinal cells appeared at 24 hr and peaked at 72 hr after ENU treatment, and the PAR signals selectively located in the photoreceptor cell nuclei appeared at 12 hr and peaked at 24 hr after ENU treatment. However, degeneration was restricted to photoreceptor cells, and no degenerative changes in inner retinal cells were seen at any time points. Retinal thickness and the photoreceptor cell ratio in the central and peripheral retina were significantly decreased, and the retinal damage ratio was significantly increased 7 days after ENU treatment. In conclusion, ENU induced retinal degeneration in adult rats that was characterized by photoreceptor cell apoptosis through PARP activity.  相似文献   

Expression of desmosomal proteins in rat keratinocytes during in vitro differentiation     

Mochizuki R  Kamiyama M  Arai KY  Arai K  Uehara K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(2):123-127

The keratinocyte, the major component of the epidermis, expresses several proteins that characterize the keratinization during the differentiation. Proliferation and differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes are known to be regulated by the Ca2+ concentration in the culture medium. However, informations about the rat keratinocyte are relatively limited and their physiology is still an open question. To elucidate the characteristics of the rat keratinocyte, we established rat keratinocyte culture system and examined effects of extracellular calcium concentration on the expression of differentiation-related proteins. Keratinocytes were isolated from the newborn rat skin with 0.25% trypsin, followed by separation with a Percoll density gradient. The separated cells were grown in MCDB 153 medium containing several growth factors and Ca(2+)-free fetal bovine serum, then stimulated with Ca2+. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong expression of beta1 integrin in unstimulated cells, suggesting that the primary culture of rat keratinocytes was successfully established. Expression of desmoglein and transglutaminase was increased by Ca2+ stimulation, whereas beta1 integrin expression was decreased in response to increasing concentrations of Ca2+. These observations indicate that cultured rat keratinocytes maintain the ability to differentiate in vitro, which is similar to that of the basal keratinocytes in the epidermis.  相似文献   

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) reflects skin barrier function of dog     

Shimada K  Yoshihara T  Yamamoto M  Konno K  Momoi Y  Nishifuji K  Iwasaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(8):841-843

The correlation between skin barrier function and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was evaluated in dogs. Stratum corneum (SC) of 10 healthy dogs was removed by tape stripping (TS), which decreased the corneal layer to allow for permeation of fluorescent dye into skin. TEWL of damaged skin was measured with the closed-chamber-type TEWL analyzer, CC-01. The frequency of TS was directly related to the decrease of SC and the increased permeation of fluorescent dye, and TEWL increased with increasing impairment of skin barrier function. The results suggest that increased TEWL reflects impaired canine skin barrier function.  相似文献   

Virological and serological studies of porcine respiratory coronavirus infection on a Japanese farm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Usami Y  Fukai K  Ichikawa Y  Okuda Y  Shibata I  Motoyama C  Imai K  Kirisawa R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(9):929-936

We detected transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) antibodies in pig farms in Tochigi prefecture, although the farms had no past record of TGEV vaccination or TGE. Among the farms, Farm A showed a high antibody incidence. We could not confirm if either TGEV or porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) induced the antibodies, since conventional tests failed to discriminate PRCV from TGEV. Therefore, we conducted virological and serological examinations of this farm for 4 years to establish the etiology - TGEV or PRCV. Although no TGEV was detected, PRCVs were isolated from the nasal samples of pigs. Using a commercial ELISA kit, it was found that the antibodies detected in pigs of all the raising stages and sows were raised against PRCV but not TGEV. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the isolates showed that they were closely related to each other, and formed a separate cluster apart from the U.S.A. and European strains. In Cesarean-derived, colostrums-deprived piglets inoculated with a PRCV isolate, no clinical signs were seen, and the viruses were mainly isolated from the nasal samples. Moreover, viral genes were detected from the nasal sample of the contact pig. The result suggested that PRCV infection was located in the nasal cavity of pigs, and horizontal transmission easily occurs. From these results, PRCVs with different origins from the exotic PRCVs might be prevalent in pig farms in Japan.  相似文献   

Effect of bovine lactoferrin on functions of activated feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kobayashi S  Sato R  Aoki T  Omoe K  Inanami O  Hankanga C  Yamada Y  Tomizawa N  Yasuda J  Sasaki J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(5):429-435

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is characterized by chronic overactivation of immune and inflammatory system, resulting in anergic state and dysfunction of immune cells. Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein present in exocrine secretions and neutrophils, plays an important role in host defense system. Our previous study showed that oral administration of bovine LF (bLF) suppressed oral inflammation, improved the clinical symptoms and decreased serum gamma-globulin as a marker of inflammation in FIV-infected cats with intractable stomatitis. The anti-inflammatory effect was partly involved in regulation of neutrophil function by bLF. In this study, to clarify the relationship between anti-inflammatory effects of bLF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we examined the effect of bLF on proliferation, cell cycle progression and cytokine expression in mitogen-activated PBMC. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay showed that bLF inhibited the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced cell proliferation in FIV-infected cats with the asymptomatic carrier and AIDS-related complex (ARC) phase. Bovine LF restored ConA-induced cell cycle progression and resulted in suppression of the induced apoptosis in feline PBMC. Real-time RT-PCR showed that bLF suppressed ConA-induced expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in cells of the ARC group regardless of the time of its addition to the medium. These results suggest the hypothesis that therapy with bLF may have the potential to improve and protect functions of overactivated lymphocytes by modulating the cell proliferation, cell cycle and cytokines expression in cats in terminal stage of FIV infection.  相似文献