Inhibitory modes of Kunitz and Bowman-Birk soybean trypsin inhibitors to tryptic and chymotryptic proteinases of tiger puffer and yellowtail     

Kenji Takii  Kohji Kawamura  Motoji Nakamura  Hidemi Kumai  Yasuko Yoshizawa 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):52-57

SUMMARY: An inhibitory effect of Kunitz and Bowman-Birk soybean trypsin inhibitors (K- and BB-SBTI) was investigated on tryptic and chymotryptic proteinases of a brood of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata . These assist to comprehend the differences in dietary soybean meal (SBM) utility by fish species and to develop low cost SBM diets with low contents of fish meal. The K-SBTI strongly inhibited tryptic proteinase and weakly inhibited chymotryptic proteinase from the hepatopancreas and intestine including pyloric ceca of the fishes. The BB-SBTI strongly inhibited both proteinases of the fishes. The K-SBTI inhibition for tryptic protease and the BB-SBTI inhibition for tryptic and chymotryptic proteases were relatively constant in tiger puffer with growth of 12–199 g bodyweight. In yellowtail with growth of 7–672 g bodyweight, the K-SBTI inhibition for tryptic protease and the BB-SBTI inhibition for chymotryptic protease were also relatively constant. The BB-SBTI inhibition for yellowtail tryptic protease typically fell in the stage from 7 g to 57 g bodyweight, and then decreased slightly or was maintained constantly. These results indicate that there are different inhibitory modes of K- and BB-SBTI and there is inter- and intraspecific diversity of tryptic protease conformation between the two species.  相似文献   

Does paternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affect the sex ratio of offspring?     

Ishihara K  Warita K  Tanida T  Sugawara T  Kitagawa H  Hoshi N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(4):347-352

In 1976, men who were exposed to the highest concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) after an explosion at a chemical plant near Seveso, Italy, produced more girls than boys. However, few studies have examined the possibility that the exposure of laboratory animals to TCDD, especially that of males, could lead to a lower male/female sex ratio. The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct paternal exposure to TCDD affects the sex ratio of offspring using a relatively large-scale experimental design. Male ICR mice (n=120) were randomly assigned to three, one of which served as a vehicle control, the other two were administered TCDD orally with an initial loading dose of 2 or 2,000 ng TCDD/kg, followed by a weekly maintenance dose of 0.4 (T2/0.4 group) or 400 (T2000/400 group) ng/kg prior to mating. The major organs of each mouse were weighed and histopathologically and immunohistologically investigated, and the sex ratio of offspring [males/(males + females) x 100] was calculated in each dam. There were no significant effects on organ weights, or on the structure of the testis and epididymis between the control and TCDD-exposed males, but TCDD administration produced a significantly lower proportion of male offspring from T2000/400-exposed sires despite no alteration in litter size (Control: 53.1 +/- 1.7; T2/0.4: 48.8 +/- 2.5; T2000/400: 46.2 +/- 2.1). In addition, we further divided the T2000/400 group into 3 subgroups based on the proportion of CYP1A1-immunoreactive areas in the liver; there was a significant correlation between sex ratio and CYP1A1 immunoreactivity. Thus, the present study confirms that direct paternal exposure to TCDD might be associated with an alteration in the sex ratio of offspring. Possible mechanisms through which TCDD might decrease the fertility potential of Y-bearing gametes before conception are discussed.  相似文献   

Active expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 mRNA in the granulation tissue of equine superficial digital flexor tendinitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nomura M  Hosaka Y  Kasashima Y  Ueda H  Takehana K  Kuwano A  Arai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(6):637-639

The DNA microarray analysis for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-related mRNA expression in equine superficial digital flexor tendinitis indicated that mRNA level of MMP-13 was apparently up-regulated in the tendinitis as compared to normal tendon. In situ hybridization also revealed that fibroblastic cells proliferated in the granulation tissue generated in the tendinitis actively expressed MMP-13 mRNA. On the other hand, in normal tendon, a few fibroblastic cells and vascular components lied in the endotenon barely expressed its mRNA, but other cellular components in the tendon bundle were not positively hybridized. As mentioned above, MMP-13 but not other collagenases or gelatinases, may play an important role in tendon injuries in the racehorses.  相似文献   

Climate change impacts on agriculture and irrigation in the Lower Mekong Basin     

Katsuhiko Yamauchi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(2):227-240

According to hydrological simulations by the Mekong River Commission, average annual flow of the Mekong will not change significantly despite climate change. However, they projected increased variability in wet and dry season flows, which will tend to increase the flood and drought risks to crops. To learn the implications of climate change for rice farming in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), a lower part of the Basin from China-Lao PDR border to the South China Sea, climate and hydrological figures related to rice production were compared in between the baseline in 1985–2000 and the climate change scenario in 2010–2050. Special attention was given to their 10 and 90 % exceedance values, which are rough equivalence of 10 and 90 % cumulative probabilities, to see changes in the frequency and extent of extreme weather events. Major findings of this study include the followings: (1) evapo-transpirations will increase in both average and 90 % cumulative probability values, raising irrigation demand. (2) Deviation of the annual rainfall will become larger, causing water shortage in reservoirs more frequently in the future. (3) The transplanting date of rain-fed rice will be delayed more likely due to insufficient precipitation in the early wet season, which may result in decreasing rice production. (4) Longer dry spells will be observed during the wet season, raising the drought risk to rain-fed rice. (5) These changes will be generally observed across the LMB, while the extent of the changes varies among regions.  相似文献   

Impacts of climate change on rice market and production capacity in the Lower Mekong Basin     

Jun Furuya  Shintaro Kobayashi  Katsuhiko Yamauchi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(2):255-274

The supply of water is affected by climate changes. In addition, high economic growth in the lower Mekong River countries including two large rice exporters is expected to reduce the per capita consumption of rice as incomes grow. Consequently, the need exist to investigate changes in supply and demand using econometric models of rice markets in the countries, where water supplies are expected to change. The objective of this research is to clarify impacts of water supply changes on rice producers and consumers using supply and demand models of rice considering changes in the water supply to aid in producing agricultural policies and plans. The following two simulations were conducted in this assessment: (a) baseline and (b) CC_B2. The simulation of the baseline includes the assumption that the evapotranspiration (ET) of each province after 2000 is the average quantity of ET from 1995 to 1999. The simulation of the CC_B2 includes the assumptions that ET of each province after 2010 accords with the IPCC socioeconomic scenario B2. The simulation results suggest that climate change will depress wet season rice production in Cambodia and Mekong River Delta (MRD) region in Vietnam, and that of dry season rice in the MRD region in Vietnam and northeastern region (Isan) Thailand. The simulation results also indicate that climate change will increase farm prices of rice in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. The results suggest that climate changes will weigh on the livelihood of rice consumers, especially those of poor rural populations.  相似文献   

Leak-preventing effect of synthetic soil conditioners in paddy field     

Azuma Okuda  Katsuhiko Tōkubo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):215-219

Synthetic soil conditioners have been studied by many soil scientists, but their studies were mainly on the formation of the water-stable aggregate of soils. But it may be possible that, if synthetic soil conditioners, the water-soluble polymers, are spread on the plowsole of the leaky paddy field, the leakage of water is prevented by the thin layer of the polymer formed by the swelling with irrigation water.  相似文献   

Expression analysis of defense-related genes in wild kiwifruit (Actinidia rufa) tolerant to bacterial canker     

Kaji  Ryoma  Yariuchi  Rina  Fujii  Yumi  Taniguchi  Shiduku  Uji  Yuya  Suzuki  Go  Kashihara  Keita  Kisaki  Gan  Suezawa  Katsuhiko  Ohtani  Mamoru  Kataoka  Ikuo  Akimitsu  Kazuya  Gomi  Kenji 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2021,87(6):361-365

Journal of General Plant Pathology - Kiwifruit bacterial canker, which is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3), is found throughout kiwifruit-growing countries. Here, we...  相似文献   

Testicular Mineralization in KK-Ay Mice Treated with an Oxovanadium Complex     

Takayasu Moroki  Yutaka Yoshikawa  Katsuhiko Yoshizawa  Airo Tsubura  Hiroyuki Yasui 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(3):329-333

Vanadium has potential for use in diabetes therapy. Many investigators have reported toxic effects of inorganic vanadium salts; however, there are few reports on toxic effects of oxovanadium(VO²⁺) complexes. Therefore, we studied VO²⁺ toxicity by examining histological changes and measuring the vanadium concentration in the testis after repeated oral administration of bis(1-oxy-2-pyridine-thiolato)oxovanadium(VO²⁺) (VO(opt)₂) for 2 or 4 weeks in KK-A^y mice. Severe mineralization and degeneration/necrosis of the seminiferous tubules were detected after either 2 or 4 weeks of administration. Vacuolar changes in Sertoli cells and the seminiferous epithelia, and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed in the testes of some animals. Vanadium concentrations in the mineralized testis were much higher than those in the testis of untreated KK-A^y mice. These results represent the first report of the possibility for seminiferous tubules mineralization induced by VO(opt)₂ administration. Therefore, our research provides important information about the potentially toxic effects of VO²⁺ complexes.  相似文献   

Wavelength dependence of machining performance in UV-, VIS- and NIR-laser cutting of wood     

Satoshi Fukuta  Masaki Nomura  Takeshi Ikeda  Masaki Yoshizawa  Mariko Yamasaki  Yasutoshi Sasaki 《Journal of Wood Science》2016,62(4):316-323

  相似文献   

Effects of Cold Environment Exposure and Cold Acclimatization on Exercise-Induced Salivary Cortisol Response     

Shuhei Izawa  Kijin Kim  Takayuki Akimoto  Nayoung Ahn  Hoseong Lee  Katsuhiko Suzuki 《The Forestry Chronicle》2009,20(3):239-243

  相似文献