Sucrose assists selection of high‐quality oocytes in pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Thanh Quang Dang‐Nguyen  Hiep Thi Nguyen  Tamas Somfai  David Wells  Nguyen Thi Men  Nguyen Viet‐Linh  Junko Noguchi  Hiroyuki Kaneko  Kazuhiro Kikuchi  Takashi Nagai 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(6):880-887

We investigated whether high‐quality in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes can be distinguished from poor ones based on the morphological changes after treatment with hyperosmotic medium containing 0.2 mol/L sucrose in pigs. We hypothesize that IVM oocytes maintaining round shape have higher quality than mis‐shapened oocytes following dehydration. Oocyte quality was verified by determining embryonic developmental competence using in vitro fertilization, nuclear transfer and parthenogenetic activation. In all cases, the round oocytes had greater (p < .05) developmental competence than that of mis‐shapened oocytes in terms of blastocyst rate and total cell number in blastocysts obtained after 6 days of in vitro culture. We also confirm that round aged oocytes are higher in quality than mis‐shapened aged oocytes. In an attempt to find out why high‐quality oocytes maintain a round shape whereas poorer oocytes become mis‐shapened following sucrose treatment, we examined the arrangement of actin microfilaments and microtubules. Abnormal organization of these cytoskeletal components was higher (p < .05) in mis‐shapened oocytes compared to round oocytes after 52 hr of IVM. In conclusion, sucrose treatment helps selection of high‐quality oocytes, including aged oocytes, in pigs. Abnormal cytoskeleton arrangements partly explain for low developmental competence of mis‐shapened oocytes.  相似文献   

Inheritance of gramine content in barley     

Saeid Moharramipour  Kazuyoshi Takeda  Kazuhiro Sato  Hideya Yoshida  Hisaaki Tsumuki 《Euphytica》1999,106(2):181-185

The inheritance of gramine indole alkaloid was studied in F1 and F2 generations derived from crosses between wild ( Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated ( H. vulgare subsp. vulgare) barley at adult stage in the field. The means of gramine content were very low in F1s and F2s in April and May. The ratio of progeny containing gramine to those without gramine (near zero or undetectable) fit a mono-genic or di-genic model in F2 generation. However, the content of gramine might be controlled by minor genes in the gramine-containing plants. The direction of dominance was toward lower gramine content. The averages of dominance ( h/d) in F1 and F2 ranged from partial to complete. Broad-sense heritabilities were high (0.70 to 0.77). The usefulness of hybrids for breeding aphid resistance and possibility increasing palatability of grazing pasture for sheep and cattle is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Scale calcification in the goldfish in vitro: histological and quantitative analysis     

Nobuhiro Ogawa  Kazuhiro Ura  Yasuaki Takagi 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(2):189-198

The external layer of a teleost fish scale is composed of type I collagen, an amorphous matrix substance and hydroxyapatite crystals. Calcification of this layer can be inhibited in the scale-regenerating process under calcium- and phosphate-deficient (CaDPD) conditions, and can be facilitated by incubation in physiological saline. The aim of this study was to evaluate this model of calcification using histological and quantitative analysis in order to promote further understanding of the mechanism of calcification in fish scales. We found that the external layer of the scales produced under CaDPD conditions contained more densely aligned collagen fibrils with a small amount of the amorphous matrix substance. The CaDPD scale contained only one-third of the amount of calcium and phosphate present in the control fish. After 4 hours of incubation, a two- to threefold increase in calcium content and a 1.5-fold increase in phosphate content were observed. Calcification proceeded in the external layer, and mineral deposits grew only in the electron-dense matrix substance. We conclude that this model would be suitable for studying the early process of fish scale calcification that occurs in the noncollagenous substance. The electron-dense substance may contain key molecules that promote calcification.  相似文献   

Somatic cell and innate immune responses in mammary glands of lactating cows to intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve at pre-drying off period     

Hajime NAGAHATA  Mari KINE  Hisato WATANABE  Ai TANAKA  Aoi TAKAHASHI  Satoshi GONDAIRA  Hidetoshi HIGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1845

Intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve)-induced somatic cell (SC) counts, chemiluminescent response (CL), lactoferrin (LF) concentrations and mastitis-causing pathogens from quarters with subclinical mastitis were measured to evaluate innate immune response of mammary glands in dairy cows at 3 to 4 weeks before drying off. SC counts in 7 quarters of 7 control cows and 5 quarters of 6 cows with mastitis increased markedly on day 1 and SC values in control cows were significantly (P<0.05) increased and returned to pre-infusion levels on day 5 after B. breve-infusion. CL values in both groups increased markedly on day 1 and then decreased after B. breve-infusion; however, CL values in cows with mastitis did not return to normal levels on day 5 and at postpartum. The CL values were highly correlated with their SC counts in milk from both groups. LF concentrations increased toward day 3 after B. breve-infusion and were higher in cows with mastitis. B. breve-infusion eliminated 16.6% (1/6) of pathogens from 6 quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis. B. breve-induced SC responses in quarters from 3 cows with mastitis showed characteristic patterns of recovery, persistent and new infections. B. breve-induced SC counts in quarters from the cows in the pre-drying off were lower (25.7–70.6%) than those of the cows in mid-lactation. The intrinsic innate immune response in cows on pre-drying off may be decreased and appears to be insufficient to eliminate pathogens from mammary gland in the pre-drying off.  相似文献   

Amberjack <Emphasis Type="Italic">Seriola dumerili</Emphasis> interleukin-10 negatively suppresses host cell-mediated immunity     

Megumi Matsumoto  Mahumoud Tanekey Amer  Kyosuke Araki  Atsushi Nishitani  Kazuma Hayashi  Yutaka Takeuchi  Kazuhiro Shiozaki  Atsushi Yamamoto 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(5):857-867

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and negatively regulates cell-mediated immunity (CMI) induction by inhibiting cytokine production in type 1 T helper cells. IL-10 genes have been isolated from several fish, and inflammatory cytokine inhibition by IL-10 has been well examined. However, a CMI regulator of IL-10 in fish has not yet been identified. In this study, we cloned the IL-10 gene in amberjack Seriola dumerili and analyzed its function using its recombinant protein (rIL-10). In an in vitro culture experiment, gene expression of inflammatory cytokines was suppressed in leukocytes incubated with rIL-10 compared with cells that only received Nocardia seriolae stimulation. This result suggests amberjack IL-10 has conserved function as an inflammatory cytokine inhibitor. Bactericidal activity of amberjack cells against intracellular pathogen stimulation was decreased in a rIL-10 dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the T-bet/GATA-3 ratio was observed in N. seriolae living cell (LC)?+?rIL-10-injected fish. Taken together, these results suggest amberjack rIL-10 suppresses CMI induction both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the number of IgM⁺ cells among spleen leukocytes in N. seriolae?+?rIL-10-injected fish was higher than in only N. seriolae LC, suggesting that Th2-dominant immunity was induced by adding rIL-10.  相似文献   

Long‐term changes in recruitment of age‐0 Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and environmental conditions around Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Yukimasa Ishida  Hiromu Fukuda  Ko Fujioka  Osamu Sakai  Yuko Hiraoka  Kazuhiro Oshima  Shuya Nakatsuka  Nobuaki Suzuki  Hiroyuki Shimada 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(1):41-48

Recruitment of age‐0 Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) from 1952 to 2014 was examined by a sequential regime shift detection method. The regime shifts in recruitment were detected in 1957, 1972, 1980, 1994 and 2009. The durations of regime shift ranged from 8–15 years and averaged 13.0 years. In both the total (1952–2014) and data rich (1980–2014) periods, negative relationships were found between recruitment and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in autumn, and positive relationships were found between recruitment and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northern part of the East China Sea, in the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan, and in the waters off Shikoku and Tokai in summer and autumn. The 1994 and 2009 regime shifts in recruitment occurred in the same years as shifts in SST anomalies in the northern part of the East China Sea in summer. These results suggest that the ocean conditions in the northern part of the East China Sea are closely related to recruitment of Pacific bluefin tuna, and that the warmer conditions result in higher recruitment of the species.  相似文献   

Effects of light quality on conidiophore formation of the melon powdery mildew pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Podosphaera xanthii</Emphasis>     

Tomoko Suzuki  Shougo Nishimura  Kazuhiro Yagi  Ryousuke Nakamura  Yoshihiro Takikawa  Yoshinori Matsuda  Koji Kakutani  Teruo Nonomura 《Phytoparasitica》2018,46(1):31-43

The lengths of conidiophores in fungal colonies of the melon powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii Pollacci KMP-6 N cultured under greenhouse (natural) conditions differed markedly from those cultured in a growth chamber. We hypothesized that light wavelength was responsible for the differences in conidiophore length. In this study, we examined the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation (purple, blue, green, orange, and red light) and white light on colony development and conidiophore formation in KMP-6 N using a stereomicroscope and a high-fidelity digital microscope. Colonies on leaves were flat under greenhouse conditions and under red LED light irradiation but were stacked under growth chamber conditions and under purple, blue, green, and orange LED light irradiation. In addition, KMP-6 N formed catenated conidia comprising six conidia per conidiophore under greenhouse conditions and red light but more than seven conidia per conidiophore under growth chamber conditions and purple, blue, green, and orange light. Furthermore, almost none of the conidia on top of the conidiophores grown under blue light were fully constricted. Therefore, these fungi could not scatter their conidia and spread infection. This is the first report of the effects of LED lights on conidiophore formation in the melon powdery mildew fungus P. xanthii. The results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the responses of conidiophores to light of specific wavelengths and conidial scatter from conidiophores of melon powdery mildew fungi.  相似文献   

Breeding efforts to mitigate damage by heat stress to spikelet sterility and grain quality     

Tsutomu Ishimaru  Hideyuki Hirabayashi  Kazuhiro Sasaki  Changrong Ye  Asako Kobayashi 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):12-21

Global warming is predicted to aggravate the risk of unstable crop production. It is of great concern that damage to rice spikelet sterility and grain quality will increase, resulting in yield and economic losses. To secure the global food supply and farmers’ income, the development of rice cultivars with heat resilience is a pressing concern. Regarding spikelet sterility, rice cultivars with heat tolerance at different growth stages have been identified in recent years. The early-morning flowering (EMF) trait is effective in heat escape because it shifts the time of day of flowering to earlier in the morning when it is cooler. Although varietal differences are very small, there are some genetic resources for EMF in wild rice accessions. Regarding heat-induced grain chalkiness, heat-tolerant japonica cultivars for mitigating white-back type of chalky grains (WBCG) were found. Quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance at flowering, EMF, and for WBCG in grain quality have been mapped on the rice chromosomes. Further genetic efforts have been successfully connected to the development of near-isogenic lines for each trait with tagged molecular markers. These breeding materials are quite unique and useful in facilitating marker-assisted breeding toward the development of heat-resilient rice in terms of spikelet sterility and grain quality.  相似文献   

Bacterial wilt of three Curcuma species,C. longa (turmeric), C. aromatica (wild turmeric) and C. zedoaria (zedoary) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Japan     

Atsushi Ajitomi  Yasuhiro Inoue  Mitsuo Horita  Kazuhiro Nakaho 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(4):315-319

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Protection induced by volatile limonene against anthracnose disease in Arabidopsis thaliana     

Kayoko Fujioka  Haruko Gotoh  Taku Noumi  Ami Yoshida  Yoshiteru Noutoshi  Yoshishige Inagaki  Mikihiro Yamamoto  Yuki Ichinose  Tomonori Shiraishi  Kazuhiro Toyoda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(6):415-419

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