French fry quality related to specific gravity and solids content variation among potato strips within the same tuber     

R. N. Sayre  M. Nonaka  M. L. Weaver 《American Journal of Potato Research》1975,52(3):73-82

The solids content of adjacent potato strips cut from known locations within the tuber was found to differ significantly. These strips were identified and processed according to commercial practice. The finish fries were subjectively scored for quality. Yield and oil uptake were calculated. The solids content of individual strips from a 20 tuber sample out of a single 100 lb. bag ranged from 12% to 29%. The whole tubers ranged from 18% to 23% solids. Strips below 17% solids were shriveled, limp and soggy after processing while strips above 22% solids were rigid and crisp with a mealy interior. Oil uptake was not related to solids content. However, yield of par-fries and to a lesser extent of finish-fries increased as solids content increased.  相似文献   

Time course of changes in antioxidant activity of milk from dairy cows fed a trehalose‐supplemented diet     

Naoto AOKI  Kan SATO  Shuhei KANDA  Kazuhisa MUKAI  Yoshiaki OBARA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(1):42-47

This study was to investigate the time course of changes to the antioxidant activity of milk from cows fed a trehalose‐supplemented diet, and to determine possible underlying mechanisms for observed changes. Six Holstein cows were used, and subjected to two experimental feeding periods consisting of a 1% trehalose‐supplemented diet for 10 days, followed by a basal diet only (no trehalose) for 10 days. 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities in milk were gradually increased during the trehalose supplementation period and were highest at the end of the second period. However, trehalose was not detected in the milk and plasma of dairy cows fed a diet supplemented with trehalose for 10 days, indicating that the increased antioxidant activity in the milk of trehalose‐fed cows is not due to the direct transfer of trehalose to the milk. Plasma DPPH activities exhibited a similar time course to that seen for milk. Relative superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the rumen were higher 3 days after the end of trehalose supplementation than at any other time during the experimental periods. These results suggested that the improved antioxidant activity in milk and plasma of cows fed a trehalose‐supplemented diet was due to improved ruminal relative SOD activity.  相似文献   

Characterization of bagasse binderless particleboard manufactured in high-temperature range     

Sho Nonaka  Kenji Umemura  Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(1):50-56

This paper describes the features of binderless particleboard manufactured from sugarcane bagasse, under a high pressing temperature of 200–280 °C. Mechanical properties [i.e., modulus of rupture (MOR) and elasticity (MOE) in dry and wet conditions, internal bonding strength (IB)] and dimensional stability [i.e., thickness swelling (TS)] of the board were evaluated to investigate the effect of high pressing temperature. Recycled chip binderless particleboards were manufactured under the same conditions for comparison, and particleboards bonded with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) resin were manufactured as reference material. The target density was 0.8 g/cm³ for all of the boards. The results showed that the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of both types of binderless boards were improved by increasing the pressing temperature. Bagasse showed better performance than that of recycled chip as a raw material in all evaluations. Bagasse binderless particleboard manufactured at 260 °C had an MOE value of 3.5 GPa, which was equivalent to the PMDI particleboard, and a lower TS value of 3.7 % than that of PMDI particleboard. The MOR retention ratio under the dry and wet conditions was 87.0 %, while the ratio for the PMDI particleboard was only 54.6 %. The obtained results showed the possibility of manufacturing high-durability binderless particleboard, with good dimensional stability and water resistance, which previously were points of weakness for binderless boards. Manufacturing binderless boards under high temperature was effective even when using particles with poor contact area, and it was possible to express acceptable properties to allow the manufacture of particleboards. Further chemical analysis indicated a contribution of a saccharide in the bagasse to the improvement of the board properties.  相似文献   

Relationship between light and diel vertical migration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diaphus theta</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphausia pacifica</Emphasis> off eastern Hokkaido     

Tomohiko?MatsuuraEmail author  Kazuhisa?Uchikawa  Kouichi?Sawada 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(3):503-513

Underwater irradiance in sound-scattering layers (SSLs) during diel vertical migration (DVM) of marine organisms was investigated by a drifting vessel at locations in the western North Pacific during the period August 24–27, 2008. The inhabitants of the layers were identified via sampling as Diaphus theta, a type of myctophid fish, and Euphausia pacifica, a species of zooplankton. Underwater irradiance was estimated by the Beer–Lambert law using irradiance measurements on the deck and the diffuse attenuation coefficients obtained in the water. During DVM, the mean irradiances at 490 nm at the lower and upper boundaries of the SSL composed of E. pacifica were ?54.0 and ?45.3 dB, respectively. In contrast, the values for the boundaries of the D. theta SSL were ?82.5 and ?59.3 dB, respectively. It was possible to distinguish between D. theta and E. pacifica based on these ranges and the differences between the mean volume-backscattering strength (ΔMVBS) at 120 and 38 kHz. It was also possible to distinguish between D. theta/E. pacifica and other causes of scattering more clearly using these two parameters together than when using the ΔMVBS parameters separately. Our results suggest that underwater irradiance is an important parameter for discriminating among organisms in DVM.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature,hypoxia and disinfection with ozonated seawater during somitogenesis on muscular development of the trunk in larval seven‐band grouper,Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg)          下载免费PDF全文

Susumu Uji  Tohru Suzuki  Takashi Iwasaki  Kazuhisa Teruya  Keiichi Hirasawa  Makoto Shirakashi  Shizumasa Onoue  Yoichi Yamashita  Masaharu Tsuji  Yasushi Tsuchihashi  Koichi Okuzawa 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2698-2706

The cause of abnormal musculature on both sides of the same myotome in artificially cultured seven‐band grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg) larvae remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of three factors: changes in temperature (between 22 and 24°C), disinfection with ozonated seawater (0.3 mg TROs L^?1, 1 min), and hypoxia (22 or 14% saturation) during the early (20 h post‐fertilization, hpf) and mid‐ (24 hpf) somite stages on trunk muscular development in larval seven‐band grouper. The thermal regimes and disinfection with ozonated seawater had no effect on muscle development (P > 0.05, G‐test). In contrast, exposure to hypoxia during both the early and mid‐somite stages increased the incidence of abnormal musculature in the trunk (P < 0.01, G‐test). These larvae had abnormal musculature on both sides of the trunk. In addition, the number of abnormal myotomes differed among these larvae. Exposure in the early and mid‐somite stages resulted in the highest frequency of abnormalities in the 11th and 13th myotome respectively. Our results suggest that hypoxia during somitogenesis can lead to abnormal muscle development in the trunk of artificially cultured seven‐band grouper larva.  相似文献   

Digestibility,ruminal fermentation,nitrogen balance and methane production in Holstein steers fed diets containing soy sauce cake at 10 or 20%     

Kenji HOSODA  Makoto MIYAJI  Hiroki MATSUYAMA  Yasuhiko IMAI  Kazuhisa NONAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(3):220-226

Two feeding trials were performed to evaluate the effect of soy sauce cake (SSC) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance as well as methane production in Holstein steers. Six animals received a diet without or with the SSC at 10% (Experiment 1) and 20% (Experiment 2) in a 2 × 2 crossover design with a balance trial and respiratory exchange measurement. The SSC feeding showed a strongly inhibitory effect on methane production when its proportion was elevated up to 20%. The digestibility of nutrients with the 10% SSC treatment was similar to that of the control, whereas that for the 20% SSC treatment was significantly decreased in comparison with the control. The 20% SSC treatment also inhibited ruminal fermentation. A lower N partition to urine and a higher N partition to retention were observed in the animals receiving the 20% SSC treatment. These results suggested that SSC feeding at 20% suppressed methane production and changed the N balance; however, the feeding level of 20% caused deterioration in some productive aspects, such as nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. In addition, a feeding level of SSC at 10% of the diet should be considered a reasonable level in cattle.  相似文献   

Origin of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) during estrus in goats     

Nonaka S  Hashizume T  Horiuchi M  Mikami U  Osawa T  Miyake Y  Hara S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2003,49(3):253-258

The objective of this study was to clarify the origin of the increase in plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) during estrus in goats. Focusing on the uterus, the effect of estradiol-17 beta (E2) on the secretion of IGF-I was examined using ovariectomized and hysterectomized animals. A single 5 microg/kg BW of E2 was injected intramuscularly into ovariectomized and hysterectomized goats for 3 consecutive days, and plasma IGF-I concentrations in the two groups were compared. The concentrations of IGF-I rose after the treatments in both groups. The concentrations were significantly higher from 3 to 8 days after the treatment than before the treatment in ovariectomized goats (P<0.05), and from 1 to 3 days after the treatment than before in hysterectomized goats (P<0.05). Thus higher concentrations of plasma IGF-I tended to last longer in ovariectomized than hysterectomized goats. The area under the IGF-I response curve for the 8-day period after the first injection of E2 tended to be greater in ovariectomized than in hysterectomized goats. The results show that E2 increases plasma IGF-I concentrations in goats, and suggest that E2-stimulated IGF-I in plasma may originate mainly from the uterus.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Endophyte Enterobacter cloacae SM10 Isolated from Spinach Roots for Biological Control against Fusarium Wilt of Spinach     

Kazuhisa TSUDA  Yoshitaka KOSAKA  Seiji TSUGE  Yasuyuki KUBO  Osamu HORINO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(1):78-84

Six hundred sixty-three isolates of microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, were collected from surface-sterilized roots of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) growing in commercial greenhouses in Kyoto Prefecture. These isolates were screened for their ability to control Fusarium wilt of spinach caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. In primary screening, spinach seeds were treated with the isolates, sown in pots containing sterilized soil, and then challenge-inoculated with the pathogen. Nine bacteria were effective in reducing disease incidence. Subsequently, spinach seeds were treated with the selected isolates, then sown in an infested field and grown from June to July 1998. Four bacteria reduced disease incidence. One of these four, designated as SM10, significantly suppressed the disease. Based on bacteriological properties, SM10 was identified as a strain of Enterobacter cloacae. SM10 was observed within xylem vessels of spinach roots using light and immunoelectron microscopy, indicating E. cloacae SM10 was an endophytic bacterium of spinach. Received 4 July 2000/ Accepted in revised form 13 September 2000  相似文献   

Glycophorin A-knockout mice, which lost sialoglycoproteins from the red blood cell membrane, are resistant to lethal infection of Babesia rodhaini     

Takabatake N  Okamura M  Yokoyama N  Ikehara Y  Akimitsu N  Arimitsu N  Hamamoto H  Sekimizu K  Suzuki H  Igarashi I 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(2):93-101

Recent in vitro-based studies using several Babesia spp. have suggested that sialic acids and/or sialoglycoproteins on host red blood cells (RBCs) play an important role in their invasion of RBCs. In the present study, we analyzed the RBC characteristics of glycophorin A (GPA)-knockout mice and studied their in vivo susceptibility to lethal infection of Babesia rodhaini for the first time. In immunoblot and lectin blot analyses, glycoproteins containing O-linked oligosaccharides terminated with alpha2-3-linked sialic acids disappeared from the RBCs of GPA homozygous ((-/-)) mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed a remarkable reduction of Maackia amurensis lectin II binding to the surface of GPA(-/-) RBCs relative to control RBCs, indicating an appreciable loss of alpha2-3-linked sialic acids on the RBC surface of GPA(-/-) mice. Importantly, while B. rodhaini caused lethal infection in wild-type mice, the infected GPA(-/-) mice showed inhibition of parasite growth and eventually survived. These results indicate that RBC sialoglycoproteins lost in GPA(-/-) mice are involved in the in vivo growth of B. rodhaini, probably functioning as essential molecule(s) for the parasite invasion of host RBCs in the blood circulation.  相似文献   

Relationship between body temperature and ovarian cycle in Asian and African elephants     

Kusuda S  Wakimoto T  Sato T  Nishimura K  Kawakami S  Okuda K  Saito E  Shimada T  Sakamoto H  Yanagimoto H  Wada S  Nishio K  Fuji H  Suzuki T  Hashikawa H  Kusunoki H  Doi O 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(5):1099-1105

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether changes in body temperature are related to the ovarian cycle in elephants. Rectal, tongue or fecal temperature was measured for 2 Asian and 5 African elephants using an electric thermometer. Evaluation of ovarian cycles was based on the changes in serum or fecal progestin. The mean +/- SD values of the rectal, tongue, and fecal temperatures were 36.3 +/- 0.3 (2 Asian), 36.2 +/- 0.5 (1 African) and 36.5 +/- 0.3 C (4 African), respectively; the fecal temperature was the highest of the 3 temperatures (P<0.01). The longitudinal changes in body temperatures correlated with the ovarian cycle, with higher temperatures occurring during the luteal phase. The fecal temperatures of one acyclic African elephant did not change cyclically. These results suggest that measurement of body temperature can be used to easily evaluate the ovarian cyclicity of an individual animal, although it might not be able to determine the ovarian cycle length.  相似文献