Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of coil occlusion for patent ductus arteriosus in dogs     

Tanaka R  Soda A  Saida Y  Sugihara K  Takashima K  Shibazaki A  Yamane Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(8):857-859

We performed a retrospective study of 56 dogs with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) to evaluate the indications for and efficacy of transarterial PDA coil embolization. Transarterial PDA coil embolization was conducted in 37 cases (66.1%) and surgical ligation was conducted in 16 cases (28.6%). Three cases (5.4%) were diagnosed as pulmonary hypertension and were excluded from surgical intervention. Although coil dislodgement was observed in the pulmonary artery in one case, no death occurred during coil embolization or surgical ligation. Echocardiography showed that fractional shortening decreased from 35.4 +/- 6.8% to 30.2 +/- 5.9% (P<0.05) after transarterial PDA coil embolization. Although slight residual shunts were observed in 18 cases, transarterial PDA coil embolization was effective treatment of PDA.  相似文献   

Isolation of multiple drug-resistant enteric bacteria from feces of wild Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon     

Pierre Philippe MBEHANG NGUEMA  Torahiko OKUBO  Sayaka TSUCHIDA  Shiho FUJITA  Juichi YAMAGIWA  Yutaka TAMURA  Kazunari USHIDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):619-623

Prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in wildlife can reveal the actual level of anthropological burden on the wildlife. In this study, we isolated two multiple drug-resistant strains, GG6-2 and GG6-1-1, from 27 fresh feces of wild western lowland gorillas in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. Isolates were identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Providencia sp., respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the following 12 drugs—ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotaxime (CTX), streptomycin (SM), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (KM), tetracycline (TC), nalidixic acid (NA), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), colistin (CL), chloramphenicol (CP) and trimethoprim (TMP)—were determined. Isolate GG6-2 was resistant to all antimicrobials tested and highly resistant to CTX, SM, TC, NA and TMP. Isolate GG6-1-1 was resistant to ABPC, CEZ, TC, CL, CP and TMP.  相似文献   

Decaying toxic wood as sodium supplement for herbivorous mammals in Gabon     

Yuji IWATA  Yoshihiro NAKASHIMA  Sayaka TSUCHIDA  Pierre Philippe Mbehang NGUEMA  Chieko ANDO  Kazunari USHIDA  Juichi YAMAGIWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1247-1252

African rainforest harbors herbivores at high density. However, because plants and soils typically lack in some essential minerals, rainforest is not always a suitable habitat for herbivores. How they fulfill the mineral requirements is therefore an important question to animal ecology and conservation. Although large marshes, called ‘bais’, are often mentioned as efficient mineral-resource, little information on other sodium resources has still been available. Our laboratory works and field surveys found that a peculiar item, decaying wood stumps of Anthostema aubryanum, played as a major sodium resource for herbivores in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. When A. aubryanum is alive, the sodium content of its bark is low and its latex is toxic. Sodium is accumulated in decaying stumps (mean=1,343 mg/kg dry matter). Eight herbivores visited stumps to ingest the dead wood. Fecal sample analysis revealed that western lowland gorillas, a species most-frequently using the stumps, consumed large amount of the dead wood as regular food. Our findings suggest that decaying A. aubryanum is critical sodium-resources and is a key species for herbivores in our study area. Importance of the A. aubryanum may be particularly large there, because it is a limited sodium-rich material that is available year round. Our study site is known as the site where the densities of several herbivores are among the highest at Central Africa. The relatively high herbivores density in our study site may partly depend on decaying A. aubryanum as sodium resources.  相似文献   

A quantitative evaluation and phylogenetic characterization of oligotrophic denitrifying bacteria harbored in subsurface upland soil using improved culturability     

Tomoyoshi Hashimoto  Kyung-Sook Whang  Kazunari Nagaoka 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(3):179-185

This is the first investigation to show that oligotrophic denitrifying bacteria are dominant denitrifiers in subsurface upland soil. We examined the vertical distribution of denitrifying bacterial populations in upland soil using two kinds of enumeration media. The number of denitrifying bacteria, enumerated in subsurface soil layers by a 100-fold diluted nutrient broth (DNB) medium with NO₃ ⁻, was two to three orders of magnitude greater than those enumerated by a conventional nutrient broth medium with NO₃ ⁻, suggesting the dominance of oligotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Seventy-four percent of the total denitrifying bacterial isolates were DNB organisms of the oligotrophic type, which did not show appreciable growth on a conventional nutrient broth medium. The isolates were heterogeneous and were categorized as alpha (35 strains) and beta (19 strains) subdivisions of proteobacteria and high G+C gram-positive bacteria (7 strains) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The 35-alpha subdivision of proteobacterial isolates was of oligotrophic type and widely distributed from the surface to subsurface soil layers. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that some isolates belonged to groups with few or no cultivated representatives, and that one isolate may be a member of a new genus. This isolation procedure, using diluted media, is valuable in detecting diverse and novel denitrifying bacteria in the subsurface soil.  相似文献   

Identification of ZAG1, a novel protein expressed in mouse preimplantation, and its putative roles in zygotic genome activation     

Matsuoka T  Sato M  Tokoro M  Shin SW  Uenoyama A  Ito K  Hitomi S  Amano T  Anzai M  Kato H  Mitani T  Saeki K  Hosoi Y  Iritani A  Matsumoto K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(3):192-197

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Individual detection of genetically modified maize varieties in non-identity-preserved maize samples     

Akiyama H  Sakata K  Kondo K  Tanaka A  Liu MS  Oguchi T  Furui S  Kitta K  Hino A  Teshima R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(6):1977-1983

In many countries, the labeling of grains and feed- and foodstuffs is mandatory if the genetically modified organism (GMO) content exceeds a certain level of approved GM varieties. The GMO content in a maize sample containing the combined-trait (stacked) GM maize as determined by the currently available methodology is likely to be overestimated. However, there has been little information in the literature on the mixing level and varieties of stacked GM maize in real sample grains. For the first time, the GMO content of non-identity-preserved (non-IP) maize samples imported from the United States has been successfully determined by using a previously developed individual kernel detection system coupled to a multiplex qualitative PCR method followed by multichannel capillary gel electrophoresis system analysis. To clarify the GMO content in the maize samples imported from the United States, determine how many stacked GM traits are contained therein, and which GM trait varieties frequently appeared in 2005, the GMO content (percent) on a kernel basis and the varieties of the GM kernels in the non-IP maize samples imported from the United States were investigated using the individual kernel analysis system. The average (+/-standard deviation) of the GMO contents on a kernel basis in five non-IP sample lots was determined to be 51.0+/-21.6%, the percentage of a single GM trait grains was 39%, and the percentage of the stacked GM trait grains was 12%. The MON810 grains and NK603 grains were the most frequent varieties in the single GM traits. The most frequent stacked GM traits were the MON810xNK603 grains. In addition, the present study would provide the answer and impact for the quantification of GM maize content in the GM maize kernels on labeling regulation.  相似文献   

Effect of using subirrigation and slit tillage to increase soybean (Glycine max) yield in clayey soils in rice paddies converted to uplands     

Tomoki Takahashi  Katsuyuki Katayama  Mizuhiko Nishida  Mari Namikawa  Kazunari Tsuchiya 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(4):491-502

Water stress reduces soybean (Glycine max) yield in fields converted from clayey-soil rice (Oryza sativa) paddies to uplands (upland converted paddies [UCPs]). Subirrigation and/or allowing roots to penetrate to a deeper soil layer were expected to effectively mitigate water stress. Therefore, we examined the effects of subirrigation and slit tillage on mitigating water stress in clayey soils (52% clay) in UCPs. Four treatment experiments (subirrigation, slit tillage, subirrigation control, and slit tillage control) were conducted in each of three growing seasons, with sampling for yield analysis conducted in triplicate. Following conventional tillage, a slit tillage blade was used to cut 15-mm-wide vertical slits in the surface of the soil (cutting depth = 15–20 cm) and seeds were sown 15 mm from the cut lines. Subirrigation then occurred for approximately 21–47 days, from the end of the rainy season, when water table elevation was at 35 cm below ground. We found that subirrigation only resulted in improved soybean yield in 2012, when precipitation after the flowering stage was low, whereas slit tillage significantly increased yield in all three growing seasons, including a particularly wet growing season. Overall, subirrigation and slit tillage increased soybean yield by 2% and 13%, respectively. Slit tillage also resulted in a significantly greater taproot length and root density. Stomatal conductance at midday in about the R5–6 stages was higher in slit-tilled plots than in control plots, but only in the subirrigated field.  相似文献   

In situ observation of pinewood nematode in wood     

Toshihiro Umebayashi  Toshihiro Yamada  Kazunari Fukuhara  Ryota Endo  Dai Kusumoto  Kenji Fukuda 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(2):463-467

In pine wilt disease, xylem dysfunction occurs in relation to nematode migration and proliferation in host tissue, but the detection accuracy of pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in pine stem tissue remains unclear. This study describes the use of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (F-WGA) staining to detect PWN. After PWN invasion, the frequency of surface fluorescence in PWN increased in pine stems from the day of inoculation to 3 weeks after inoculation. However, the fluorescence frequency decreased significantly during the advanced disease stage after 5 weeks. Thus, detecting PWN based on fluorescent staining of the nematode body surface coat protein can be misleading when used to examine the correlation between the development of disease symptoms and the nematode population. In contrast, all cut body segments were fluorescent, and their fluorescent components were common in pine-stem cross sections, regardless of the timing after inoculation. In addition, PWN were observed under cryo-SEM only in empty resin canals and this distribution was confirmed by F-WGA staining of PWN cut in a cross section. Thus, PWN detection based on fluorescent staining of surface coat proteins by F-WGA was not reliable in longitudinal sections of pine stems because of changes in nematode stainability during disease progression. To detect PWN in infected plants, we concluded that a combination of both methods is most effective.  相似文献   

Microscopic structure of the large intestinal mucosa in piglets during an antibiotic-associated diarrhea     

Tsukahara T  Iwasaki Y  Nakayama K  Ushida K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):301-306

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is caused by the treatments of broad-spectrum antimicrobials that seriously affect the activity and composition of the large intestinal microflora. The pathogenic bacteria or low concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been repeatedly discussed in relation to AAD. Recently, we reported the detection of a large amount of succinate and lactate in the diarrheal feces in AAD-induced piglets. In this study, we investigated histologically the large intestinal mucosa in AAD-induced piglets, in which succinate and lactate were accumulated. AAD was induced in the piglets by an oral dose of polymyxin B sulfate (PL) or by an intra-muscular injection of enrofloxacin (ERFX). When the piglets were defecating diarrheal feces with a high concentration of succinate and/or lactate, the large intestine was removed and separated into four segments (cecum, gyri centripetales, gyri centrifugales, and rectum). Healthy piglets were used as the control. In the AAD-induced piglets, the lamina propria was edematous in the gyri centripetales. Piglets treated with ERFX were also edematous in gyri centrifugales. These edematous lamina propria contained larger amounts of inflammatory cells than observed in control tissues. ERFX-treated piglets had a more shallow crypt than PL-treated and control piglets. The mucosal tissue of the large intestine was more seriously damaged in the ERFX- than in the PL-treated piglets, which might have been caused by the high succinate and low SCFAs concentration in the digesta.  相似文献   

Metabolic resistance mechanisms of the housefly (Musca domestica) resistant to pyraclofos     

Si-Woo Lee  Kazunari Ohta  Toshio Shono 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,85(2):76-83

In vivo and in vitro metabolism of pyraclofos labeled with ¹⁴C on benzene ring was studied in the pyraclofos-resistant and -susceptible female houseflies. In vivo metabolism studies, the metabolic rate of pyraclofos was the same in both strains. Pyraclofos primarily undergoes metabolic detoxification by cleavage of P-S-alkyl bond, and cleavage of the P-O-aryl bond followed by CHP [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypyrazole]]-glucose conjugation. Cleavage of P-O-aryl bond and CHP-glucose conjugation is more predominant in the resistant strain whereas the cleavage of P-S-propyl bond resulting in EHP-CHP [O-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-4-yl ethyl hydrogen phosphate] is more preferred in the susceptible strain. CHP production by P-O-aryl bond cleavage was controlled by P450 monooxygenase and esterase. UDP-glucosyltransferase appeared to play an important role in the pyraclofos metabolism of the resistant strain. Production of CHP-glucose conjugate was largely reduced by piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate in both strains. EHP-CHP production seemed to be controlled by P450 monooxygenase and stimulated by UDP-glucose.  相似文献