Simultaneous selection for nutritive value and agronomic traits in timothy (Phleum pratense L.)     

Kazunori Ashikaga  Tsuneki Tanaka  Hiroki Fujii  Hiroyuki Tamaki  Koichi Sato 《Euphytica》2016,208(2):237-250

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Health-beneficial effects of probiotics: Its mode of action     

Yuji OHASHI  Kazunari USHIDA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(4):361-371

It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found.  相似文献   

Toxicity of the antifouling biocide Sea-Nine 211 to marine algae, crustacea, and a polychaete     

Toshimitsu Onduka  Daisuke Ojima  Mana Ito  Katsutoshi Ito  Kazuhiko Mochida  Kazunori Fujii 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):999-1006

We evaluated the acute toxicity of the antifouling biocide Sea-Nine 211 to the algae Chaetoceros calcitrans, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis tetrathele, and Skeletonema costatum, the crustacea Tigriopus japonicus and Portunus trituberculatus, and the polychaete Perinereis nuntia. The algae, and especially the diatoms C. calcitrans and S. costatum, were sensitive to Sea-Nine 211 toxicity, with the average acute toxicity values being 0.32, 3.9, 1.6, 0.22, 1.6, 12, and 27 μg/l for C. calcitrans, D. tertiolecta, T. tetrathele, S. costatum, T. japonicus, P. trituberculatus, and P. nuntia, respectively. A sediment toxicity test for Sea-Nine 211 using the polychaete P. nuntia revealed demonstrated that the 14-day median lethal concentration was 110 μg/kg dry-wt sediment and that growth was the most sensitive indicator. The chronic toxicity values of Sea-Nine 211 for the diatoms C. calcitrans and S. costatum were within the range of reported Sea-Nine 211 concentrations in seawater in coastal Japan, and the toxicity values for P. nuntia were within the reported concentrations in sediment. Based on these results, Sea-Nine 211 may have toxic effects on some sensitive species residing in the coastal areas of Japan, but the ecological risk posed by Sea-Nine 211 would appear to be confined to a limited area of Japanese coastal waters.  相似文献   

Characterization and ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae     

Koji Murashita  Hiroyuki Matsunari  Kazunori Kumon  Yosuke Tanaka  Satoshi Shiozawa  Hirofumi Furuita  Hiromi Oku  Takeshi Yamamoto 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(6):1741-1755

The major digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae were characterized, and the physiological characteristics of the enzymes during early ontogeny were clarified using biochemical and molecular approaches. The maximum activity of trypsin (Try), chymotrypsin (Ct) and amylase (Amy) was observed at pH 6–11, 8–11 and 6–9, respectively. Maximum activity of Try, Ct and Amy occurred at 50 °C, that of lipase (Lip) was at 60 °C and that of pepsin (Pep) was at 40–50 °C. These pH and thermal profiles were similar to those for other fish species but differed from those previously reported for adult bluefin tuna. Enzyme activity for all enzymes assayed was found to decrease at high temperatures (Try, Ct, Amy and Pep: 50 °C; Lip: 40 °C), which is similar to findings for other fish species with one marked exception—increased Try activity was observed at 40 °C. Lip activity appeared to be dependent on bile salts under our assay conditions, resulting in a significant increase in activity in the presence of bile salts. Ontogenetic changes in pancreatic digestive enzymes showed similar gene expression patterns to those of other fish species, whereas marked temporal increases in enzyme activities were observed at 10–12 days post hatching (dph), coinciding with previously reported timing of the development of the pyloric caeca in bluefin tuna larvae. However, complete development of digestive function was indicated by the high pep gene expression from 19 dph, which contradicts the profile of Pep activity and previously reported development timing of the gastric gland. These findings contribute to the general knowledge of bluefin tuna larval digestive system development.  相似文献   

Influence of zinc deficiency to the mice infected with Babesia microti     

Hamaguchi K  Ike K  Yamazaki Y  Morita T  Imai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):263-267

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for DNA synthesis and for cell growth and differentiation. The deficiency induces a wide range of disorders including immunodeficiency. In this study, the influence of Zn deficiency to the mice infected with Babesia microti was examined, and was compared with the influence in the rats infected with B. rodhaini previously reported. Experiments of B. microti infection were conducted using Zn-deficient (ZD; allowed to eat ad libitum on the ZD diet), Zn-adequate (ZA; allowed to eat ad libitum on the ZA diet), and diet-restricted (DR; supplied 2 g/day on the ZA diet) mice. It was suggested that the Zn deficiency exacerbated the infection dynamics of the mice with B. microti by the growth retardation, the reduction of immunity and the decrease in PCV. The results in the mice supported the consequences in the rats previously reported.  相似文献   

Multiple drainage can deliver higher rice yield and lower methane emission in paddy fields in An Giang Province,Vietnam     

Uno  Kenichi  Ishido  Kenji  Nguyen Xuan  Loc  Nguyen Huu  Chiem  Minamikawa  Kazunori 《Paddy and Water Environment》2021,19(4):623-634

Paddy and Water Environment - The Mekong Delta produces 55% of Vietnam’s rice (Oryza sativa L.) through double or triple cropping each year. It accounts for a large proportion of...  相似文献   

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of gut bacterial community for the Japanese earthworms     

Kazunori Nakamura  Kenji Sakai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):519-528

The gut bacterial community structure for Pheretima hilgendorfi and P. heteropoda (Family Megascolecidae), and Allolobophora japonica (Family Lumbricidae) collected from agricultural grasslands in Japan was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments (PCR-DGGE) and compared with those in the surrounding soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles indicated that each earthworm species had their own specific bacterial communities, and multidimentional scaling analysis grouped the DGGE profiles into three groups: gut samples from P. hilgendorfi and P. heteropoda, gut samples from A. japonica and samples from the surrounding soils. Nine dominant bands were identified by their direct sequencing and cloning. Major three bands from P. hilgendorfi and P. heteropoda were closely related to Bacillus species belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. Major four and two bands from A. japonica were closely related to the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, respectively.  相似文献   

Increase in soil carbon sequestration using rice husk charcoal without stimulating CH4 and N2O emissions in an Andosol paddy field in Japan     

Shinichi Koyama  Fumihiko Inazaki  Kazunori Minamikawa  Morio Kato  Hisayoshi Hayashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):873-884

Abstract

Biochar application has been recognized as an effective option for promoting carbon (C) sequestration, but it may also affect the production and consumption of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in soil. A 1-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk charcoal application on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and the balance of greenhouse gas exchanges in an Andosol paddy field. The experiment compared the treatments of rice husk charcoal applied at 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha^?1 (RC10, RC20 and RC40, respectively), rice husk applied at 20 Mg ha^?1 (RH20), and the control (CONT). Rice straw and grain yields did not significantly differ among the treatments. The seasonal cumulative CH₄ emissions were 38–47% higher from RC10, RC20 and RC40 than from the CONT. However, the increases were not in proportion to the application rates of rice husk charcoal, and their values did not significantly differ from the CONT. On the contrary, the RH20 treatment significantly increased the cumulative CH₄ emission by 227% compared to the CONT. The N₂O emissions during the measurement were not affected by the treatments. As a result, the combined global warming potential (GWP) of CH₄ and N₂O emissions was significantly higher in RH20 than in the other treatments. There was a positive linear correlation between C storage in the top 10 cm of soil and the application rate of rice husk charcoal. The increases in soil C contents compared to the CONT corresponded to 98–149% of the C amounts added as rice husk charcoal and 41% of the C added as rice husk. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes in the off season were not significantly different among RC10, RC20, RC40 and CONT, indicating that C added as rice husk charcoal remained in the soil during the fallow period. The CO₂ equivalent balance between soil C sequestration and the combined GWP indicates that the rice husk charcoal treatments stored more C in soil than the CONT, whereas the RH20 emitted more C than the CONT. These results suggest that rice husk charcoal application will contribute to mitigating global warming without sacrificing rice yields.  相似文献   

Durability analysis of bio-cemented slope soil under the exposure of acid rain     

Gowthaman  Sivakumar  Nakashima  Kazunori  Kawasaki  Satoru 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2021,21(8):2831-2844

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Instability of slope surface is a critical concern in Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering. MICP (Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation), an innovative...  相似文献   

A possible connection between psychosomatic symptoms and daily rhythmicity in growth hormone secretion in healthy Japanese students     

Mitsuo Nagane  Kazunori Yoshimura  Shu-Ichi Watanabe  Masahiko Nomura 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2009,7(1):10-4

Background  

Students suffering from psychosomatic symptoms, including drowsiness and feelings of melancholy, often have basic lifestyle problems. The aim of this study was to investigate whether psychosomatic complaints may be related to circadian dysfunction.  相似文献