Eukaryotic communities associated with the decomposition of rice straw compost in a Japanese rice paddy field estimated by DGGE analysis     

Masashi?Hatamoto  Takanori?Tanahashi  Jun?Murase  Kazuo?Matsuya  Motoki?Hayashi  Makoto?Kimura  Susumu?AsakawaEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(3):527-532

To estimate the succession and phylogenetic composition of the eukaryotic communities responsible for the decomposition of rice straw compost under flooded conditions during the cultivation period of paddy rice, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis targeting 18S rDNA followed by sequencing was conducted in a Japanese paddy field. The eukaryotic communities in rice straw compost incorporated into the flooded paddy field were influenced by the mid-season drainage and mainly composed of fungi (Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota) and protozoa (Ciliophora, Euglyphida, and Dactylopodida), most of which existed continuously during the cultivation period of paddy rice. The results indicated that these eukaryotic members were associated with the decomposition of rice straw compost in paddy field soil directly or indirectly.  相似文献   

Evaluation of genetic diversity of bread wheat landraces from Pakistan by AFLP and implications for a future collection strategy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryoko Hirano  Akira Kikuchi  Makoto Kawase  Kazuo N. Watanabe 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):1007-1015

We used amplified-fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to evaluate genetic variation in a set of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and improved materials. Landraces collected from different geographic and agro-ecological zones in Pakistan in 1987, 1989 and 1991 were separated into two groups based on their geographic origins: northern (Himalaya) and south-western (Balochistan) Pakistan. Six AFLP primer combinations detected 453 AFLP markers in the 43 landrace accessions and four high-yield varieties (HYVs). Of these, 225 (49.67%) were rare (shared with < 5% of all accessions). Among these rare alleles, 23 (10.22%) were common in the Himalaya (shared with > 10% of accessions collected there) but were not found in Balochistan. We conclude that there is a higher probability of collecting rare alleles at overall, but which are in contrast locally common ones in the Himalayan region. Gene diversity was 0.17 in the Himalayan group and 0.15 in the Balochistan group. Considerable genetic variability was found in both groups. Accessions from different agro-ecological zones were indistinguishable by cluster analysis, indicating intensive seed trading within the country. Cluster analysis indicated that the landraces and the HYVs are genetically distinct; suggesting that genetic erosion of wheat landraces has been unlikely taken in place. This study provides an example of how analysis of existing materials and data, can serve as a basis for future collection planning and conservation policies.  相似文献   

Comparison of the characters of the plaque-purified viruses from foot-and-mouth disease virus O/JPN/2000     

Morioka K  Fukai K  Ohashi S  Sakamoto K  Tsuda T  Yoshida K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(7):653-658

At least two biotypes were observed at the 2nd passage stage after the isolation of Foot-and-mouth disease Virus (FMDV) O/JPN/2000 strain. These 2 types of viruses differed from their plaque phenotypes and were distinguishable by using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) 64G8 that was made for the FMDV O/JPN/2000 strain. One of these 2 biotypes formed small plaque (SP) and with immuno staining showed a positive reaction to MAb 64G8, while the other formed clear large plaque (LP) and did not react with MAb 64G8. The amino acid sequences of the capsid coding region (VP1-VP4) of the SP virus (SPV) and the LP virus (LPV) revealed two substitutions on the 133rd amino acid in VP2, and the 56th amino acid in VP3. These amino acid changes of SPV and LPV are Asn to Asp, Arg to His, respectively. The Arg of the 56th amino acid in VP3 that have been known as critical position of cell culture adapted virus. Only LPV showed high pathogenicity in suckling mice, and its LD(50) was calculated to be about 10(2) TCID(50)/0.1 ml. These results showed that the SPV that existed at the 2nd passage stage from isolation was a low virulence virus, which may suggest why the pathogenicity of O/JPN/2000 did not show clear symptoms in infected cattle.  相似文献   

Estimation of target strength of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sardina pilchardus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sardinella aurita</Emphasis> by theoretical approach     

Salaheddine El Ayoubi  Kamal Mamza  Tadanori Fujino  Koki Abe  Kazuo Amakasu  Kazushi Miyashita 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(3):417-423

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A decision-making model for rice paddy cropping in an urbanizing area of the Lao PDR     

Keigo Noda  Masayasu Maki  Kanae Miyaoka  Koki Homma  Hiroaki Shirakawa  Kazuo Oki 《Paddy and Water Environment》2015,13(4):487-493

In Southeast Asia, economic and population growth are expected in the near future. Rapid change is anticipated especially in the Lao PDR. Concern has been expressed that population growth will lead to an increased demand for food and economic growth to changes in the use of land. For food production to keep pace with the growth of population, it is very important to understand decision-making in rice paddy cultivation in urbanizing areas; for this reason, this study with the SEM model was conducted. The original data were collected by a questionnaire survey in some Lao villages; the survey included questions on various conditions, such as the availability of water in the dry season (irrigation), the access to a city, and job opportunities other than farming. The findings of the study demonstrate that the planting of a second rice crop was related to such factors as the productivity of rain-fed rice and cash crops and, most importantly, job opportunities other than farming.  相似文献   

Keratometry in normal cats: a cross-sectional study in Japan using an automated handheld keratometer     

Minae KAWASAKI  Tomoya FURUJO  Kazuo AZUMA  Yoshiharu OKAMOTO  Norihiko ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1256

Keratometry was performed in 73 domestic cats of varied signalment in Japan using an automated handheld keratometer. The mean corneal curvature radius was significantly lower for cats younger than 1 year than for those older than 2 years (8.04 mm vs. 8.80−8.99 mm, P<0.01). The radius was significantly greater in males than in females among the cats older than 11 years (9.22 mm vs. 8.84 mm, P=0.01), while the age distributions of the males and females were similar. Corneal astigmatism did not significantly differ across the gender and age groups. The predictability of the corneal curvature and astigmatism was approximately 41−43% and less than 3%, respectively, as a function of age and bodyweight. The results highlighted some age- and sex-related keratometric variations in domestic cats in Japan.  相似文献   

Effects of GH gene polymorphism and sex on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle     

Astrid ARDIYANTI  Yoshie OKI  Yoshihito SUDA  Keiichi SUZUKI  Koichi CHIKUNI  Yoshiaki OBARA  Kazuo KATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(1):62-69

To investigate the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene polymorphism on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle caused by nucleotide substitution of CTG (allele A)/GTG (allele B) at codon 127 and of ACG (allele A and B)/ATG (allele C) at codon 172 of bGH, GH genotypes of 135 cattle were determined using allele specific-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allele A gave greater rib thickness and lower melting point of fat (MP) while allele B gave higher C18:1% ( P  < 0.05). Allele C gave higher C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) percentages ( P  < 0.05). It also gave lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) percentages, higher MUFA/SFA and USFA/SFA ratios, and lower MP ( P  < 0.05). Interactions of sex and GH alleles were analyzed. In heifers, allele A gave higher carcass weight, daily carcass gain, rib eye area, rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, and BMS while allele B gave greater rib eye area and rib thickness ( P  < 0.05). Allele C gave higher C18:1 ( P  < 0.01), MUFA ( P  < 0.01), USFA percentages ( P  < 0.05) and MUFA/SFA and USFA/SFA ratios ( P  < 0.01), and lower C16:0 and SFA percentages ( P  < 0.05) and MP ( P  < 0.01). GH gene polymorphism affected carcass traits and fatty acid compositions although the effects were more pronounced in heifers.  相似文献   

Discrimination of mother's odor in one-week-old dog puppies     

Kazuo Fujita  Akiko Takaoka  Masahiro Furumi 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(2):55-56

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Investigation of a-PVA/s-PVA hydrogels prepared by freezing-thawing method     

Mei Huang  Dongdan Cai  Yanhua Liu  Jun Sun  Jianjun Wang  Chuanxiang Qin  Lixing Dai  Yamaura Kazuo 《Fibers and Polymers》2012,13(8):955-962

The hydrogels of atactic poly (vinyl alcohol) (a-PVA) and syndiotactic poly (vinyl alcohol) (s-PVA) with different blend ratios were prepared by freezing-thawing processes. The effect of s-PVA on gelation behavior of the blend was investigated in terms of gelation temperature (T _gel) and hydrogel melting temperature (T _gm). And swelling behavior, crystallization, thermal properties, morphology of the blend hydrogels were also studied. With the increase of s-PVA, T _gel of the blend solution and T _gm of the blend hydrogels increase. Both crystallinity and crystallite dimensions based on the XRD profiles are nearly monotonically increasing functions of s-PVA content. FTIR results indicate the number of hydrogen bonds raises with s-PVA increasing. DSC results demonstrate s-PVA favors improvement of hydrogels thermal stability. According to SEM images of hydrogels, the increase of cross-linking caused by s-PVA in the blend hydrogels results in denser structure, which in turn leads to increased gel fraction (G) and Hardness. 50/50 (a-PVA/s-PVA) blend hydrogel has a denser structure with EWC of 73.6 %, hardness of 22.8 HA and T _m of 236.15 °C. The result indicates blending a-PVA and s-PVA is a useful method to form the hydrogel having good thermal stability and relative high degree of swelling.  相似文献   

黑龙江省苏打碱土pH和EC与盐分组成的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

匡恩俊  中本和夫  刘峰  迟凤琴  矫江  张久明 《黑龙江农业科学》2011,(5):37-41,54

通过对比苏打碱土上无植被"碱斑"和临近有植被的"草地"土壤水分、离子变化规律,研究了碱土各种离子及其与土壤pH、EC的关系.结果表明:即使在极端干旱的气象条件下,地下水对地表水补给能力仍然很强,地下水参与土壤盐分运动的现象明显.碱斑土壤pH高于草地;在高水分条件下,pH的峰值出现位置在地表下30 cm,土壤干旱过程,p...  相似文献