The survival of pathogenic bacteria and plant growth promoting bacteria during mesophilic anaerobic digestion in full‐scale biogas plants     

Guangdou Qi  Zhifei Pan  Yuki Yamamoto  Fetra Jules Andriamanohiarisoamanana  Takaki Yamashiro  Masahiro Iwasaki  Ikko Ihara  Suchon Tangtaweewipat  Kazutaka Umetsu 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(2):297-303

The introduction of biogas plants is a promising way to recycle organic wastes with renewable energy production and reducing greenhouse gas. Application of anaerobic digestate as a fertilizer reduces the consumption of chemical fertilizers. In this study, the survival of pathogenic bacteria and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in two full‐scale biogas plants operated at mesophilic condition were investigated. Feedstock and anaerobic digestate samples were collected from biogas plants and bacteria load in samples were detected using standard dilution plate method. Pathogenic bacteria were reduced to not detected level through mesophilic digestion tank except for Campylobacter. However, it could be reduced by 98.7% through a sterilization tank. Bacillus was detected at 8.00 and 7.81 log₁₀ CFU/g dry matter in anaerobic digestates, and it was also resistant to sterilization tank. Bacillus spp. is considered to be the safe bacteria that hold remarkable abilities for promoting plant growth. The results showed that treatment at biogas plants is effective to reduce pathogenic bacteria in dairy manure, and sterilization could further reduce the sanitary risks of pathogenic bacteria relating to anaerobic digestate application. Anaerobic digestates could also be utilized as bio‐fertilizer as the high load of plant growth promoting bacteria.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature on the swimming endurance and post-exercise recovery of jack mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachurus japonicus</Emphasis> as determined by ECG monitoring     

Nofrizal  Kazutaka Yanase  Takafumi Arimoto 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(6):1369-1375

The effect of temperature on the swimming performance of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus was examined in a flume tank by measuring the swimming endurance time and heart rate. The lower swimming performance was observed at 10°C (the lowest temperature tested), manifesting as the shortest endurance time and the slowest maximum sustained speed. ECG measurements of the heart rate under free-swimming conditions at zero flow velocity revealed a temperature effect, with 25.3 beats/min observed at 10°C, 38.9 at 15°C, and 67.2 at 22°C. The heart rate also increased with swimming speed to maximum levels of 60, 125, and 208 beats/min, respectively, at these three temperatures. Heart rate recovery times measured after the fish had been swimming at prolonged speed tended to increase with temperature, while a negative correlation resulting in relatively short recovery times was observed after swimming at close to the burst swimming speed at each water temperature.  相似文献   

Assessment of DNA markers for seed contamination testing and selection of disease resistance in cabbage     

Kazutaka Kawamura  Motoki Shimizu  Takahiro Kawanabe  Zujing Pu  Taro Kodama  Makoto Kaji  Kenji Osabe  Ryo Fujimoto  Keiichi Okazaki 《Euphytica》2017,213(1):28

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) is an important vegetable worldwide. Most Japanese commercial cultivars of cabbage use an F₁ hybrid seed production system. The purity of F₁ hybrid seeds is important and the assessment of purity based on DNA markers can be highly accurate. In addition, selection of agronomically important traits such as disease resistance based on DNA markers is useful for breeding of cabbage. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of DNA marker-assisted selection in cabbage. In this study we distinguished the parental S haplotypes in 35 F₁ hybrid cultivars by combining several linked DNA markers. Thirty-one highly polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were screened from 175 reported SSR markers, which are useful for assessment of the purity of F₁ hybrid seeds. We examined the relationship between the DNA marker based genotype and the phenotype by an inoculation test of clubroot disease. A co-dominant PCR–RFLP marker was developed for selection of Fusarium yellows resistance and the genotypes using this marker were consistent with inoculation test in all tested samples.  相似文献   

Proliferation of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate sponges     

Seo JP  Tsuzuki N  Haneda S  Yamada K  Furuoka H  Tabata Y  Sasaki N 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(3):1481-1486

A three dimensional scaffold is essential in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery in cell-based therapy for facilitating cell adherence, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the possibility of β-tricalcium phosphate incorporated gelatin sponges (Gelatin/β-TCP sponge) as scaffolds for equine MSCs and to examine the effects of seeding density and seeding method on the proliferation of equine MSCs in the Gelatin/β-TCP sponges. Mononuclear cells and MSCs isolated from bone marrow were seeded into Gelatin/β-TCP sponges at different densities by different seeding methods-static or agitated methods. Proliferation of the MSCs in Gelatin/β-TCP was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and histological examination. Distribution and proliferation of MSCs in the Gelatin/β-TCP sponge were observed, and the Gelatin/β-TCP sponge supported limited growth when seeded at high density. We also found that the agitated seeding method enhanced the proliferation of MSCs. This study demonstrated the suitability of Gelatin/β-TCP sponges for the proliferation and maintenance of equine MSCs. These results contribute to the application of MSC-seeded Gelatin/β-TCP sponges in equine medicine.  相似文献   

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in private-household cats in Japan     

Itoh N  Ikegami H  Takagi M  Ito Y  Kanai K  Chikazawa S  Hori Y  Hoshi F  Higuchi S 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(6):436-439

The present study is the first national investigation of intestinal parasites in private-household cats in Japan. A total of 942 faecal samples were collected from private-household cats. Giardia species was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and other intestinal parasites were identified microscopically. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 10.1%; two protozoan parasites (Giardia species and Cystoisospora species) and five helminths (Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Taenia species and Spirometra erinacei) were detected. The total prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was significantly higher in cats aged ≤ 6 months old than in cats older than 6 months because of a significantly higher prevalence of Cystoisospora species and T cati. The total infection prevalence was higher among outdoor cats as a result of the significantly higher prevalence of T cati and S erinacei. Sex and faecal condition were not related to intestinal parasite infections. Regional differences were observed in Cystoisospora species and A tubaeforme.  相似文献   

Hyperferritinemia is associated with short survival time in dogs with multicentric lymphoma     

Seishiro CHIKAZAWA  Yasutomo HORI  Fumio HOSHI  Kazutaka KANAI  Naoyuki ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):843-846

In the present study, we examined the relationship between serum ferritin concentration before treatment and survival time in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Eighteen dogs with multicentric lymphoma were enrolled in the study. When the dogs were classified into high and low ferritin groups on the basis of their serum ferritin concentration (3,000 ng/ml cut-off value), the median survival time of dogs with high concentrations (≥3,000 ng/ml, n=7) was 40 days, whereas it was 360 days among dogs with low concentrations (<3,000 ng/ml, n=11). This difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). This finding suggests that the initial high level of serum ferritin indicates short survival time in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Large-scale research is necessary to confirm this finding.  相似文献   

Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) under thermophilic condition: Optimal ratio for biochemical methane production     

Zhifei Pan  Guangdou Qi  Fetra J. Andriamanohiarisoamanana  Takaki Yamashiro  Masahiro Iwasaki  Kazutaka Umetsu 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13523

Anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and lignocellulosic biomass is a potent approach for sustainable biomethane production. Co-digestion of dairy manure (DM) and Japanese knotweed (JK), which was collected from a riverbank, was investigated at five different DM-to-JK mixing ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, and 0:100; wet weight basis) under thermophilic condition. The results showed that the methane yields obtain from the co-digestion of DM and JK were much higher than that obtained from JK alone (104 ml/gVS), which indicates the synergistic effect and the benefits of co-digesting JK with DM. The highest methane yield (232 ml/gVS) was obtained from the DM-to-JK ratio of 90:10, which was 14.9% and 123.1% higher than that from DM and JK alone, respectively. It also showed the highest synergistic effect (61 ml/gVS). However, further increase in JK ratios led to the decrease in methane yield and synergistic effect. Therefore, applying the co-digestion of DM and JK at a ratio of 90:10 is recommended for biomethane production.  相似文献   

Japanese star anise ringspot-associated virus is a distinct emaravirus transmitted by the eriophyid mite (the family Diptilomiopidae)     

Shimomoto  Yoshifumi  Okada  Tomoyuki  Ikeda  Kenichi  Tatara  Akio  Hasegawa  Yusuke  Yanagisawa  Hironobu  Takeyama  Sawana  Hayashi  Kazusa  Yano  Kazutaka  Morita  Yasuaki  Kubota  Kenji 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(1):69-80

Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum L., JSA) is seriously damaged by a ringspot disease in Japan. Herein, to determine the causal agent using high-throughput sequencing, we discovered viral RNAs associated with JSA ringspot disease. We then determined the complete or near-complete nucleotide sequences of these RNAs using Sanger sequencing and RACE. The complementary strand of viral RNAs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encoded a single protein, which shared sequence identity with P1 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), P2 (glycoprotein precursor), P3 (nucleocapsid protein), P4 (movement protein), and a protein with unknown function of emaraviruses (genus Emaravirus), respectively; however, the highest amino acid sequence identity for the P1–P5 proteins between JSARaV and known emaraviruses was 41.9%, 30.0%, 30.1%, 52.2%, and 38.0%, respectively, all of which were lower than the species demarcation criterion. Furthermore, RNA segments harbored conserved 12-nt terminal sequences at the 5′- and 3′-termini, and a high complementarity of approximately 20 nt in 5′- and 3′-terminal sequences. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of virus-like particles. JSA ringspot disease was found to be transmitted by an eriophyid mite (subclass Acari, superfamily Eriophyoidea) that belongs to the family Diptilomiopidae. Taken together, these results identified the virus responsible for the ringspot disease of JSA as a new member of the genus, Emaravirus, which we named as the Japanese star anise ringspot-associated virus (JSARaV). Moreover, this is the first report noting that eriophyid mites of the family Diptilomiopidae are capable of transmitting emaravirus.

  相似文献   

Fibronectin peptide induces apoptosis on adherent and spreading hemocytes of the giant Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas     

Kazutaka  TERAHARA  Keisuke G.  TAKAHASHI  Katsuyoshi  MORI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(4):719-721

  相似文献   

Antifungal activities of compounds isolated from the leaves of Taxus cuspidata var. nana against plant pathogenic fungi   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sanro Tachibana  Hiroko Ishikawa  Kazutaka Itoh 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(2):181-184

Antifungal activities of seven compounds, taxinine (1), paclitaxel (2), phenylisoserine methyl ester (3), sciadopitysin (4), ginkgetin (5), isorhamnetin (6), and quercetin (7), isolated from the leaves of kyaraboku, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, against five plant pathogenic fungi, Gibberella fujikuroi, Cladosporium cucumeninum, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Corynespora cassiicola, were investigated for utilization of extractives from trees of the genus Taxus. Also, the amounts of compounds 2 and 3 on the leaf surface was measured in relation to the antifungal activities of compounds. Taxinine (1) showed antifungal activity against G. fujikuroi, C. cucumeninum, F. oxysporum, and C. cassiicola. The minimum inhibitory concentration of taxinine for the four fungi was 0.4mol. In addition, from the results of antifungal tests, it may be concluded that paclitaxel on the leaves and stem of T. cuspidata var. nana does not play an important role as an antifungicide in the resistance of trees to plant pathogenic fungal attack.  相似文献