Clinical evaluation of urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein for the diagnosis of renal diseases in dogs     

Satoshi TAKASHIMA  Yumiko NAGAMORI  Keiichi OHATA  Tsuyoshi OIKAWA  Takeshi SUGAYA  Yui KOBATAKE  Naohito NISHII 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(9):1465

Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is a biomarker for the early detection of renal diseases in humans. L-FABP is a cytotoxic oxidation product secreted from the proximal tubules under ischemic and oxidative stress conditions. First, L-FABP gene expression in the kidney and liver was evaluated. Next, the urinary L-FABP concentrations in dogs with or without renal diseases were measured using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Urinary L-FABP was normalized relative to urinary creatinine (uCre) concentrations (µg/g uCre). Finally, the relationships between urinary L-FABP and renal biomarkers used in canine medicine or serum alanine transaminase (ALT) as an indicator of liver damage were examined. Serum and urine samples from 94 client-owned dogs including 23 dogs with renal diseases and 71 dogs without renal diseases were used for analysis. Relative L-FABP gene expression was confirmed both in the liver and kidney. Dogs with renal diseases had a significantly higher urinary L-FABP than those without, and its predictive cutoff value was 26 µg/g uCre. Urinary L-FABP was significantly correlated with serum creatinine (r=0.4674, P<0.01), urea nitrogen (r=0.4907, P<0.01), urine specific gravity (r=−0.5100, P<0.01), and urine protein/creatinine ratio (r=0.7216, P<0.01), but not with serum ALT. Hence, dogs with a high urinary L-FABP value were more likely to have renal diseases.  相似文献   

Genetic selection for resistance to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) in the Landrace line influences the expression of soluble factors in blood after MPS vaccine sensitization     

Tomoyuki Shimazu  Liushiqi Borjigin  Yuki Katayama  Meihua Li  Takumi Satoh  Kouichi Watanabe  Haruki Kitazawa  Sang‐gun Roh  Hisashi Aso  Katoh Kazuo  Yoshihito Suda  Akiko Sakuma  Mituru Nakajo  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(4):365-373

We recently developed a Landrace line that is resistant to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) infection by genetic selection for five generations, and we reported that the immunophenotype of this line is different from that of the non‐selected line in terms of changes in peripheral blood leukocyte population after MPS vaccination. This study followed up previous findings demonstrating changes in soluble factors in blood, namely, hormones, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), and cytokines. These two lines were injected with MPS vaccine on days ?7 and 0 after blood sampling on those days, and blood samples were collected on days ?14, ?7, 0, 2, 7 and 14. We found changes in the levels of many hormones and cytokines in both lines. However, we found that only growth hormone (GH) and interferon (IFN)‐γ levels were statistically different between these two lines. GH concentration was reduced (day 0) and IFN‐γ concentration was increased (day 14) in the MPS‐selected line compared with the non‐selected line, despite unchanged IFN‐γ messenger RNA expression in blood cells. Although detailed mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain unsolved, these traits would be useful to improve MPS resistance in pig production and provide an insight into MPS infection.  相似文献   

Effects of genetic and environmental factors on muscle glycogen content in Japanese Black cattle     

Tomohiko Komatsu  Noriaki Shoji  Kunihiko Saito  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(8):793-798

Monosaccharides such as glucose contribute to the development of meat flavor upon heating via the Maillard reaction; therefore, monosaccharide content is related to beef palatability. Here, we analyzed the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the content of glycogen, one of the precursors of monosaccharides, in the muscles of 958 fattened Japanese Black cattle from Yamagata Prefecture. Analysis of variance showed that muscle glycogen content was affected by the farm and postmortem periods, but not by sex, slaughter age, slaughter month or number of days detained at the slaughter yard. Additionally, consumption of digestible brown rice feed elevated muscle glycogen levels. Glycogen heritability was estimated to be 0.34, and genetic correlations between glycogen and carcass weight (CW) or beef marbling standard (BMS) were weak. The predicted breeding values varied among paternal lines. These results demonstrated that genetic factors might improve muscle glycogen content and therefore beef palatability, but do not influence CW or BMS.  相似文献   

Solvent tuning of electrochemical potentials in the active sites of HiPIP versus ferredoxin     

Dey A  Jenney FE  Adams MW  Babini E  Takahashi Y  Fukuyama K  Hodgson KO  Hedman B  Solomon EI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5855):1464-1468

A persistent puzzle in the field of biological electron transfer is the conserved iron-sulfur cluster motif in both high potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) and ferredoxin (Fd) active sites. Despite this structural similarity, HiPIPs react oxidatively at physiological potentials, whereas Fds are reduced. Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy uncovers the substantial influence of hydration on this variation in reactivity. Fe-S covalency is much lower in natively hydrated Fd active sites than in HiPIPs but increases upon water removal; similarly, HiPIP covalency decreases when unfolding exposes an otherwise hydrophobically shielded active site to water. Studies on model compounds and accompanying density functional theory calculations support a correlation of Fe-S covalency with ease of oxidation and therefore suggest that hydration accounts for most of the difference between Fd and HiPIP reduction potentials.  相似文献   

Asphericity in supernova explosions from late-time spectroscopy     

Maeda K  Kawabata K  Mazzali PA  Tanaka M  Valenti S  Nomoto K  Hattori T  Deng J  Pian E  Taubenberger S  Iye M  Matheson T  Filippenko AV  Aoki K  Kosugi G  Ohyama Y  Sasaki T  Takata T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5867):1220-1223

Core-collapse supernovae (CC-SNe) are the explosions that announce the death of massive stars. Some CC-SNe are linked to long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and are highly aspherical. One important question is to what extent asphericity is common to all CC-SNe. Here we present late-time spectra for a number of CC-SNe from stripped-envelope stars and use them to explore any asphericity generated in the inner part of the exploding star, near the site of collapse. A range of oxygen emission-line profiles is observed, including a high incidence of double-peaked profiles, a distinct signature of an aspherical explosion. Our results suggest that all CC-SNe from stripped-envelope stars are aspherical explosions and that SNe accompanied by GRBs exhibit the highest degree of asphericity.  相似文献   

Effects of parent‐of‐origin models with different pedigree information on beef carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle     

Keiichi Inoue  Motohide Nishio  Noriaki Shoji  Hiroyuki Hirooka 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2021,138(1):45-55

Genomic imprinting should be considered in animal breeding systems to avoid lead in bias in genetic parameter estimation. The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of pedigree information on imprinting variances for carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle. Carcass records [carcass weight, rib eye area, rib thickness (RT), subcutaneous fat thickness and beef marbling score (BMS)] and fatty acid composition were obtained for 11,855 Japanese Black feedlot cattle. To estimate and compare the imprinting variances for the traits, two imprinting models with different pedigree information [the sire–dam gametic relationship matrix (Model 1) and the sire–maternal grandsire (MGS) numerator relationship matrix (Model 2)] were fitted. The ratio of the imprinting variance to the total additive genetic variance for RT (6.33%) and BMS (19.00%) was significant in Model 1, but only that for BMS (21.09%) was significant in Model 2. This study revealed that fitting the sire–MGS model could be useful in estimating imprinting variance under certain conditions, such as when restricted pedigree information is available. Furthermore, the present result suggested that the maternal gametic effects on BMS should be included in breeding programmes for Japanese Black cattle to avoid selection bias caused by imprinting effects.  相似文献   

Induction of 2n pollen in tulips by arresting the meiotic process with nitrous oxide gas     

Keiichi Okazaki  Kaori Kurimoto  Ichirou Miyajima  Akira Enami  Hitoshi Mizuochi  Yasu Matsumoto  Hirotaka Ohya 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):101-114

Triploid tulips have agronomically desirable traits such as vigorous growth and large flower size, but only a portion of all cultivated tulips is triploid. To apply 2n pollen to polyploid breeding of tulips, the polyploidizing agent, nitrous oxide gas (N₂O), was applied to bulbs. In tulips, meiosis in anthers occurs inside the bulbs from mid- to late-October. When meiosis in anthers (excised from bulbs) reached metaphase I, we treated other bulbs of the same clones with N₂O for 24–48 h. Most of the treated plants produced pollen grains with a wide-ranging or bimodal size distribution, indicating a mixture of n, 2n and aneuploid pollen grains. The use of pollen containing a relatively high proportion of giant pollen grains tended to yield larger numbers of triploids in the progeny. The number of giant pollen grains could be increased when N₂O-treated pollen grains were suspended in 10% sucrose and then sieved through a nylon mesh. Very few polyploids were observed in some cross combinations, even those involving pollen with a relatively high proportion of giant grains. Even so, this low polyploid yield most likely is due to a triploid block, because the capsules obtained in the crosses of the diploid×N₂O-treated plants contained some abnormal seeds, which were mostly triploid. Embryo culture was useful in rescuing abnormal embryos. The present study reveals that 2n pollen can be produced at high frequency using N₂O during tulip breeding.  相似文献   

IL‐12p40 gene expression in lung and hilar lymph nodes of MPS‐resistant pigs     

Akiko Sakuma  Shizuka Sugawara  Hikaru Hidaka  Mitsuru Nakajo  Yoshihito Suda  Tomoyuki Shimazu  Michael T. Rose  Megumi Urakawa  Tao Zhuang  Guoqi Zhao  Kouichi Watanabe  Tomonori Nochi  Haruki Kitazawa  Kazuo Katoh  Keiichi Suzuki  Hisashi Aso 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) is caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hp) and is a common chronic respiratory disease of pigs. Recently, a genetically selected variant of the Landrace pig (Miyagino L2) has a lower incidence of pulmonary MPS lesions. We investigated the pathological and immunological characteristics of MPS resistance in these pigs (n = 24) by comparing with the normal landrace pig (control: n = 24). The pathological MPS lung lesion score in MPS‐selected landrace pigs was significantly lower than in the control. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)‐12p40, which acts as a chemoattractant and a component of the bioactive cytokines IL‐12 and IL‐23, was significantly higher at the hilar lymph nodes, lung, and spleen in MPS‐selected landrace pigs than in control landrace pigs, and these were negatively correlated with the macroscopic MPS lung lesion score. In summary, we demonstrate that resistance against MPS in Miyagino L2 pigs is associated with IL‐12p40 up‐regulation, in comparison with normal landrace pigs without the MPS vaccine. In addition, a comparative study of macroscopic MPS lung lesions and IL‐12p40 gene expression in lung and hilar lymph nodes may lead to beneficial selection traits for the genetic selection for MPS resistance in pigs.  相似文献   

Genome‐wide association study and genomic evaluation of feed efficiency traits in Japanese Black cattle using single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method     

Masayuki Takeda  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Keiichi Inoue  Atushi Ogino  Takayoshi Nozaki  Kazuhito Kurogi  Takanori Yasumori  Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The objectives of this study were to better understand the genetic architecture and the possibility of genomic evaluation for feed efficiency traits by (i) performing genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), and (ii) assessing the accuracy of genomic evaluation for feed efficiency traits, using single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)‐based methods. The analyses were performed in residual feed intake (RFI), residual body weight gain (RG), and residual intake and body weight gain (RIG) during three different fattening periods. The phenotypes from 4,578 Japanese Black steers, which were progenies of 362 progeny‐tested bulls and the genotypes from the bulls were used in this study. The results of GWAS showed that a total of 16, 8, and 12 gene ontology terms were related to RFI, RG, and RIG, respectively, and the candidate genes identified in RFI and RG were involved in olfactory transduction and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, respectively. The realized reliabilities of genomic estimated breeding values were low to moderate in the feed efficiency traits. In conclusion, ssGBLUP‐based method can lead to understand some biological functions related to feed efficiency traits, even with small population with genotypes, however, an alternative strategy will be needed to enhance the reliability of genomic evaluation.  相似文献   

Midgut juice of Plutellaxylostella highly resistant to Bacillusthuringiensis Cry1Ac contains a three times larger amount of glucosinolate sulfatase which binds to Cry1Ac compared to that of susceptible strain     

Takanori Yamazaki  Toshiki Ishikawa  Ganesh N. Pandian  Keiichi Okazaki  Kohsuke Haginoya  Yuka Tachikawa  Toshiaki Mitsui  Kazuhisa Miyamoto  Chanan Angusthanasombat  Hidetaka Hori 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(2):125-131

Midgut juice of Plutellaxylostella strain PXR which is resistant to Cry1Ac was biochemically characterized relative to the susceptible PXS strain. The midgut juice of PXR (PXR-Juice) was shown to process Cry1Ac protoxin to 60 kDa active toxin with the same processing pattern as that of juice from PXS (PXS-Juice) in SDS–PAGE. PXS larvae which were given the Cry1Ac toxin pre-processed with PXR-Juice were killed with the same rate as that with Cry1Ac pre-activated by trypsin. PXR-Juice was found to contain three times larger amount of 66 kDa protein (P66) than PXS-Juice and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of P66 was matched to that of glucosinolate sulfatase in data base search. The protein band of P66 was coincided with the band of p-nitro phenyl sulfatase activity in zymogram. P66 purified to homogeneity in SDS-PAGE bound to Cry1Ac and soybean agglutinin, and K_D for Cry1Ac was estimated to be 718 nM with surface plasmon resonance analysis. Using purified sulfatase, K_m and V_max were estimated and involvement of the enzyme in the PXR resistance was discussed.  相似文献