Genetic analysis of ion-beam induced extremely late heading mutants in rice     

Katsuyuki Ichitani  Daisuke Yamaguchi  Satoru Taura  Yasuo Fukutoku  Masahira Onoue  Keiichi Shimizu  Fumio Hashimoto  Yusuke Sakata  Muneharu Sato 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):222-230

Two extremely late heading mutants were induced by ion beam irradiation in rice cultivar ‘Taichung 65’: KGM26 and KGM27. The F₂ populations from the cross between the two mutants and Taichung 65 showed clear 3 early: 1 late segregation, suggesting control of late heading by a recessive gene. The genes identified in KGM26 and KGM27 were respectively designated as FLT1 and FLT2. The two genes were mapped using the crosses between the two mutants and an Indica cultivar ‘Kasalath’. FLT1 was located on the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 8. FLT2 was located around the centromere of chromosome 9. FLT1 might share the same locus as EHD3 because their chromosomal location is overlapping. FLT2 is inferred to be a new gene because no gene with a comparable effect to that of this gene was mapped near the centromere of chromosome 9. In crosses with Kasalath, homozygotes of late heading mutant genes showed a large variation of days to heading, suggesting that other genes affected late heading mutant genes.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effect of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, extracted from spinach using supercritical CO2, on mammalian DNA polymerase activity     

Iijima H  Musumi K  Hada T  Maeda N  Yonezawa Y  Yoshida H  Mizushina Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(5):1627-1632

We investigated the effective extraction of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from dried spinach (Spinacia oleracea) using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) with a modifier/entrainer. The yield of MGDG in the SC-CO(2) extract was not influenced by increasing temperature at a constant pressure, although the total extract yield was decreased. The total extract yield and MGDG yield in the extract from commercially purchased spinach (unknown subspecies), were greatly influenced by lower pressure. In a modifier (i.e., ethanol) concentration range of 2.5-20%, both the extract and MGDG yield increased as the ethanol concentration rose. The highest total extract yield (69.5 mg/g of spinach) and a good MGDG yield (16.3 mg/g of spinach) were obtained at 80 degrees C, 25 MPa, and 20% ethanol. The highest MGDG concentration (76.0% in the extract) was obtained at 80 degrees C, 25 MPa, and 2.5% ethanol, although the total extract yield under these conditions was low (5.2 mg/g of spinach). The optimal conditions for the extraction of MGDG were 80 degrees C, 20 MPa, and 10% ethanol. Of the 11 subspecies of spinach tested under these conditions, "Ujyou" had the highest concentration of MGDG. The total extract yield and MGDG concentration of Ujyou were 20.4 mg of the extract/g of spinach and 70.5%, respectively. The concentration of MGDG was higher in the SC-CO(2) extract than in the extract obtained using solvents such as methanol and n-hexane. The extract of Ujyou, which was the optimal subspecies for the extraction of MGDG, inhibited the activity of calf DNA polymerase alpha with IC(50) values of 145 microg/mL but was not effective against DNA polymerase beta.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships between meat quality traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese black cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Keiichi Inoue  Noriaki Shoji  Takeshi Honda  Kenji Oyama 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):11-18

Genetic parameters were estimated to investigate the relationships between meat quality traits and fatty acid composition from 11 855 Japanese Black cattle. The meat quality traits included beef marbling score (BMS), beef color score, firmness of beef (FIR), texture of beef (TEX) and beef fat color score (BFS). The data on fatty acid composition included oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contents, the ratio of MUFA to saturated fatty acids (MUS) and the ratio of elongation. The heritability estimates for meat quality traits ranged from moderate (0.30) to high (0.72). The strong genetic correlations between them were useful for simultaneous genetic improvement. In addition, high heritability estimates of fatty acid composition, ranging from 0.60 to 0.63, indicated that they could also be improved genetically. The genetic correlations of fatty acid composition with BMS, FIR and TEX were weak and negative. In contrast, positive and stronger genetic correlations were found between BFS and fatty acid composition, in particular, related to the level of unsaturation (0.77 and 0.79 for MUFA and MUS, respectively). This implies that improving the level of unsaturation makes fat darker (more yellow) and thus requires balancing with BFS.  相似文献   

Bilberry extract protect restraint stress-induced liver damage through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction     

Li Bao  Keiichi Abe  Philip Tsang  Jie-Kun Xu  Xin-Sheng Yao  Hong-Wei Liu  Hiroshi Kurihara 《Fitoterapia》2010

The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of bilberry extract on liver damage in restraint stressed mice. A remarkable increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was observed in stressed mice. Treatment with bilberry extract restored ALT and ROS to normal levels, and enhanced mitochondrial complex II activity that was lowered in restraint stressed mice. The mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC)-related gene expression was measured by RT-PCR, and a significant up-regulation of complex II mRNA was observed for SDHA, B, C and D mRNA in bilberry extract-treated group compared with that in stressed group. Bilberry extract administration also profoundly elevated the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and mitochondria membrane potential (?Ψ_m), which was reduced in the stressed group. Bilberry extract exhibited protective effect by scavenging free radicals and attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver of restraint stressed mice. It may be used as a promising therapeutic agent in preventing and delaying the life-related disease.  相似文献   

Development of a real-time depth monitoring system for small fishing gear using an acoustic telemetry technique     

Kohei Hasegawa  Yoshinori Miyamoto  Keiichi Uchida 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(2):213-223

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Effect of oral administration of colostrum on inflammation in the udders of dairy cows suffering from mastitis     

Naoki ISOBE  Tomoyasu KUROSE  Naoki SUZUKI  Tomoko KOSHIISHI  Kazutoshi UENO  Keiichi HISAEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):59

The present study was undertaken to examine whether oral administration of colostrum to mastitic cows reduced inflammation in the udder. Fifty milliliters of a colostrum whey product was administered orally daily for 3 days to cows suffering from mastitis. Milk was collected on day 0 and 7 of colostrum administration. For Experiment 1, milk from 11 udder quarters with high somatic cell counts (SCC) in four cows was used. SCC in milk decreased significantly after colostrum administration, whereas colostrum administration increased sodium and IgA concentrations significantly compared with those before administration. In Experiment 2, cows with clinical mastitis were divided into two groups, with and without colostrum administration, whereas all cows with subclinical mastitis were administered colostrum. Antibiotics were infused into the mammary gland from the first day of colostrum administration for 2–4 days. There was no significant decrease in SCC after colostrum administration in any group. However, udder firmness in both clinical mastitis groups was reduced after administration regardless of colostrum administration. IgA concentration in both clinical mastitis groups was significantly increased after colostrum administration compared to that before administration, although there was no significant difference between them. These results suggest the possibility that oral administration of colostrum attenuates inflammation of the mammary gland. Further studies are required to examine the effect of colostrum more precisely using cows with subclinical and chronic mastitis and longer duration of colostrum administration.  相似文献   

Effect of calcium silicate on nutrient use of lowland rice and greenhouse gas emission from a paddy soil under alternating wetting and drying     

Hyun-Hwoi KU  Keiichi HAYASHI  Ruth AGBISIT  Gina VILLEGAS-PANGGA 《土壤圈》2020,30(4):535-543

In intensively irrigated rice cultivation, plant-available silicon (Si) is a crucial nutrient for improving rice productivity. As a source of Si, calcium silicate (CaSiO₃) was amended to evaluate the effect of silicate fertilizer on rice production, nitrogen (N) use efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission under alternating wetting and drying in a pot experiment using a tropical soil from a paddy field of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. Four levels of CaSiO₃ amendment, 0, 112.7, 224.5, and 445.8 kg ha^-1, with the recommended N rate were tested. The results showed that although CaSiO₃ amendment of 112.7 kg ha^-1 resulted in higher rice straw, improved N use efficiency, and reduced N₂O emission, there was no difference in grain yield among the four levels of CaSiO₃ amendment owing to relatively lower harvest index. Moreover, CaSiO₃ amendment showed a reverse trend between CH₄ and N₂O emissions as it reduced N₂O emission while led to significantly increased CH₄ emission and global warming potential. Thus, CaSiO₃ amendment was a possible alternative to improve N use efficiency and increase rice straw biomass, but it needs to be reviewed in line with grain yield production and GHG emission. It is also imperative to test an optimal method of silicate fertilizer amendment in future research in order to compromise a negative impact in tropical soils.  相似文献   

IL‐12p40 gene expression in lung and hilar lymph nodes of MPS‐resistant pigs     

Akiko Sakuma  Shizuka Sugawara  Hikaru Hidaka  Mitsuru Nakajo  Yoshihito Suda  Tomoyuki Shimazu  Michael T. Rose  Megumi Urakawa  Tao Zhuang  Guoqi Zhao  Kouichi Watanabe  Tomonori Nochi  Haruki Kitazawa  Kazuo Katoh  Keiichi Suzuki  Hisashi Aso 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) is caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hp) and is a common chronic respiratory disease of pigs. Recently, a genetically selected variant of the Landrace pig (Miyagino L2) has a lower incidence of pulmonary MPS lesions. We investigated the pathological and immunological characteristics of MPS resistance in these pigs (n = 24) by comparing with the normal landrace pig (control: n = 24). The pathological MPS lung lesion score in MPS‐selected landrace pigs was significantly lower than in the control. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)‐12p40, which acts as a chemoattractant and a component of the bioactive cytokines IL‐12 and IL‐23, was significantly higher at the hilar lymph nodes, lung, and spleen in MPS‐selected landrace pigs than in control landrace pigs, and these were negatively correlated with the macroscopic MPS lung lesion score. In summary, we demonstrate that resistance against MPS in Miyagino L2 pigs is associated with IL‐12p40 up‐regulation, in comparison with normal landrace pigs without the MPS vaccine. In addition, a comparative study of macroscopic MPS lung lesions and IL‐12p40 gene expression in lung and hilar lymph nodes may lead to beneficial selection traits for the genetic selection for MPS resistance in pigs.  相似文献   

Breeding season in female cats acclimated under a natural photoperiod and interval until puberty     

Tsutsui T  Nakagawa K  Hirano T  Nagakubo K  Shinomiya M  Yamamoto K  Hori T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(9):1129-1132

The breeding season was investigated in 174 female cats that were acclimated under a natural photoperiod, and determined the interval between birth and initial estrus (puberty) was determined in 125 cats. Although the breeding season differed noticeably among individual animals, the mean was 180.4 +/- 3.0 (SE) days between the end of January and the end of July. The interval between birth and first estrus ranged from 181 to 560 days, with a mean of 345.0 +/- 0.9 days. With respect to month of birth, the mean interval was 343.0 +/- 9.5 days in cats born between March and June. Among cats that were born between July and October, the mean intervals were 242.0 +/- 6.3 days in cats that exhibited estrus the year after birth and 519.2 +/- 5.8 days in those that exhibited estrus 2 years after birth.  相似文献   

Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal gland axis in mice inhaling toluene prior to low-level long-term exposure to formaldehyde     

Sari DK  Kuwahara S  Furuya M  Tsukamoto Y  Hori H  Kunugita N  Arashidani K  Fujimaki H  Sasaki F 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):303-309

We studied the change in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis upon adding prior toluene inhalation to our previous formaldehyde inhalation experiments to determine whether short term exposure to relatively high levels of toluene triggers multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Data come from immunocytochemical, morphometrical and RT-PCR measurements. Four groups of adult female mice were exposed to differing concentrations (0, 80, 400, and 2,000 ppb) of formaldehyde for 16 hr/day, 5 days/week for twelve weeks, after the mice were exposed intranasally to 500 ppm toluene per mouse for 6 hr/day, for 3 days. We found that the number of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-immunoreactive (ir) neurons was up-regulated according to the amount of formaldehyde as well as inhalation of formaldehyde alone in our previous experiment. The proportion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-ir cells increased according to the formaldehyde concentration, though there was no significant difference between the 400 and 2,000 groups. The number of ACTH-ir cells was higher in the 400 group than in the other groups (0, 80, and 2,000). Expression of ACTH-mRNA was also up-regulated according to the quantity of formaldehyde. The sinusoid in the anterior pituitary showed more dilatation in the 400 and 2,000 groups than in the control group, especially in the 2,000 group. We propose that exposure to toluene prior to inhalation of formaldehyde has no effect on the HPA axis and as a trigger of MCS, although greater sinusoid dilatation was found in the anterior pituitary gland at higher concentrations of formaldehyde.  相似文献