Oxidative cleavage of lignin aromatics during chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp     

Keiichi Koda  Hitoshi Goto  Hiroyuki Shintani  Yuji Matsumoto  Gyosuke Meshitsuka 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(5):362-367

Methanol liberation and methoxyl loss during chlorine bleaching of softwood kraft pulp were quantitatively investigated to estimate the degree of structural modification of lignin aromatics. An increase in the chlorine multiple led to enhanced methoxyl loss from lignin. Our result, using pH-adjusted chlorine water (pH 5.7), by which chlorination under oxidation-favorable conditions was achieved, strongly supported the importance of the oxidation reaction by chlorine during delignification and lignin degradation. It was also suggested that methanol can be produced not only via catalytic hydrolysis by chlorine but via oxidative cleavage of the ether bond as well. The infrared spectrum of chlorolignins suggested that chlorine oxidation can open aromatic rings to muconic acid derivatives without cleaving ether bonding of the methoxyl group. No straight relation between the methoxyl content and the kappa number of chlorinated pulps was shown. The methoxyl content of bleached kraft pulps subjected to successive chlorination and alkali extraction showed a good relation with the kappa number. This means that almost all the portions of the oxidatively modified lignin structure were successfully removed during these treatments, and the aromatic structures of residual lignin in chlorinated and alkali-extracted pulps were thought to remain intact.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996; the 10th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Yokohama, June 1999; and the 67th Pulp and Paper Research Conference, Tokyo, June 2000  相似文献   

Activation of pregnane X receptor and induction of MDR1 by dietary phytochemicals     

Satsu H  Hiura Y  Mochizuki K  Hamada M  Shimizu M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5366-5373

  相似文献   

Selection for high and low oxygen consumption‐induced differences in maintenance energy requirements of mice          下载免费PDF全文

Hongyu Darhan  Motoi Kikusato  Masaaki Toyomizu  Sang‐gun Roh  Kazuo Katoh  Masahiro Sato  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(7):959-965

Maintenance energy requirements (MER) of mice selected for high (H) or low (L) oxygen consumption (OC) were compared. Forty‐four mice from H and L OC lines were weaned at 3 weeks and divided into four experimental groups: group A were sacrificed at 4 weeks; group B were fed ad libitum, and groups C and D were fed 2.8 and 2.4 g/day, respectively, from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Groups B–D were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Chemical components were estimated for all groups. MER was estimated using a model that partitioned metabolizable energy intake into that used for maintenance, and protein and fat deposition. The feed conversion ratio for the B group was significantly higher in the H than in the L line. Feed intake for metabolic energy content per metabolic body size was significantly also higher in the H line, whereas accumulated energy content per metabolic body size was significantly higher in the L line. MER of the H line was greater than that of the L line (P < 0.10). These results suggest that selection for H or L OC produced differences in chemical components, feed efficiency, and MER between the H and L lines.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships between temperament of calves at auction and carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Kazuya Takeda  Hiroshi Uchida  Keiichi Inoue 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1475-1481

Correlations of calves’ temperament with carcass traits were estimated to clarify the genetic relationships between them in Japanese Black cattle. The temperament records for 3128 calves during auction at a calf market were scored on a scale of 1 (calm) to 5 (nervous) as temperament score (TS ), and the TS were divided into two groups (TSG ): TS 1 and 2 comprised TSG 1, and 3 to 5 constituted TSG 2. Carcass data were obtained from 33 552 fattened cattle. A threshold animal model was used for analyzing the underlying liability for TSG , whereas a linear one was used for TS and carcass traits. The heritability estimates for TS and TSG were 0.12 and 0.11, respectively. On the other hand, moderate to high heritability estimates were obtained for carcass traits (0.40 to 0.68). The temperament scores were negatively correlated with carcass weight, rib thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness (?0.13 to ?0.59). In contrast, weak to moderate positive correlations were found between the temperament scores and rib eye area or yield estimate (0.16 to 0.45). The temperament scores and beef marbling score had no correlation. These results showed that it is possible to improve temperament and carcass traits simultaneously.  相似文献   

Effects of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesion‐selected Landrace pigs on MPS resistance and immune competence in three‐way crossbred pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Liushiqi Borjigin  Tomoyuki Shimazu  Yuki Katayama  Kouichi Watanabe  Haruki Kitazawa  Sang‐gun Roh  Hisashi Aso  Kazuo Katoh  Masahiro Satoh  Yoshihito Suda  Akiko Sakuma  Mituru Nakajo  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):575-585

To clarify the genetic influence of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lesion‐selected Landrace (La) on MPS resistance and immune characteristics in three‐way crossbred pigs (LaWaDa), the LaWaDa pigs were compared with the non‐selected crossbred (LbWbDb) and purebred (La) pigs. The MPS lesion score in the three lines was as follows: La line < LaWaDa line < LbWbDb line, with significant differences among the lines. The proportions of myeloid cells and T cells were lower and higher, respectively, in the LaWaDa pigs compared with those in the other two lines. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, transforming growth factor‐β, and interferon‐γ in peripheral blood was significantly increased after vaccination in the La and LaWaDa lines. IL‐4 mRNA expression in the LaWaDa line was intermediate to the La and LbWbDb lines. Furthermore, principal component analysis for immune traits and MPS lesions was executed to clarify the characteristics of each pig line. These findings suggest that the immune responses in the three pig lines are genetically distinct and that MPS resistance and some immunity characteristics from the La line were transmitted to the three‐way crossbred pigs.  相似文献   

Genomic evaluation using SNP‐ and haplotype‐based genomic relationship matrices in a closed line of Duroc pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Yoshinobu Uemoto  Shuji Sato  Takashi Kikuchi  Sachiko Egawa  Kimiko Kohira  Hironori Sakuma  Satoshi Miyashita  Shinji Arata  Takatoshi Kojima  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1465-1474

A simulation analysis and real phenotype analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of three different relationship matrices on heritability estimation and prediction accuracy in a closed‐line breeding of Duroc pigs. The numerator relationship matrix (NRM), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based genomic relationship matrix (GRM) (G_S), and haplotype‐based GRM (G_H) were applied in this study. We used PorcineSNP60 genotype array data (38 114 SNPs) of 831 Duroc pigs with four selection traits. In both heritability estimation and prediction accuracy, the accuracy depended on the number of animals with records. For heritability estimation, a large difference in the results among three relationship matrices was not shown, but the trend of the estimated heritabilities between GRMs, that is G_S < G_H, was shown in this population. For the accuracy of prediction values in test animals, the accuracies of prediction values obtained by two GRMs were higher than that by the NRM in this population. The accuracies obtained by GRMs using animals with no records were lower than that by the NRM using animals with their performance records, but were close to that by the NRM using animals with full‐sib testing records.  相似文献   

Correlations between mitochondrial respiration activity and residual feed intake after divergent genetic selection for high‐ and low‐ oxygen consumption in mice     

Hongyu Darhan  Atsushi Zoda  Motoi Kikusato  Masaaki Toyomizu  Kazuo Katoh  Sang‐gun Roh  Shinichiro Ogawa  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Masahiro Satoh  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(7):818-826

The aims of the present study were to identify the differences between two mouse lines (high (H)‐ and low (L)‐oxygen consumption) in terms of mitochondrial respiratory activity when GMP (glutamate, malate, and pyruvate) and succinic acid are used as substrates and to examine the relationship between mitochondrial respiration activity and feed efficiency in both lines. The average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and residual feed intake (RFI) were significantly higher in the H than the L line. The correlation between FCR and RFI was significant (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). RFI was effective as an indicator of feed efficiency. When succinic acid was used as a substrate, mitochondrial respiration states 2–4, ACR, and proton leak were significantly higher in the H than the L line. When GMP was used as a substrate, respiration states 3 and 4 in the H line were significantly higher than those in the L line, and there were significant positive correlations between FCR and RFI and mitochondrial respiration states 2–4. The results indicated that selection for high or low OC changed the basal metabolic rates estimated from liver mitochondrial respiration activity and feed efficiency.  相似文献   

Investigation of erythrocyte antigen frequencies in draft horse populations in Japan to assess blood donor suitability     

Hironaga KAKOI  Mio KIKUCHI  Taichiro ISHIGE  Shun-ichi NAGATA  Yuko HIROSAWA  Shoko TANAKA  Takumi KISHINAMI 《Journal of Equine Science》2021,32(1):17

  相似文献