Quality Characteristics of Waxy Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Properties of Starch Gelatinization and Retrogradation     

Katsuyuki Hayakawa  Keiko Tanaka  Toshiki Nakamura  Shigeru Endo  Tsuguhiro Hoshino 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(5):576-580

The viscoelastic properties and molecular structure of the starch isolated from waxy (amylose-free) hexaploid wheat (WHW) (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. WHW starch generally had lower gelatinization onset temperature, peak viscosity, and setback than the starch isolated from normal hexaploid wheat (NHW). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that WHW starch had higher transition temperatures (T_o, T_p, and T_c) and enthalpy (ΔH) than NHW starch. However, when compared on the basis of amylopectin (AP) content, ΔH of WHW starch was almost statistically identical to that of its parental varieties. Typical A-type X-ray diffraction patterns were observed for the starches of WHW and its parental varieties. Somewhat higher crystallinity was indicated for WHW starch. WHW starch was also characterized by having greater retrogradation resistance. The high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of amylopectin showed that each amylopectin yielded two fractions after debranching. Although WHW amylopectin had somewhat long B chains, little difference was observed in the ratio of Fr.III/ Fr.II between WHW and its parental varieties.  相似文献   

Effect of carpropamid on secondary infection by rice blast fungus     

Yoshio Kurahashi  Shinji Sakawa  Haruhiko Sakuma  Keiko Tanaka  Gerd Haenssler  Isamu Yamaguchi 《Pest management science》1999,55(1):31-37

Carpropamid (WIN™, KTU 3616) provides good control of leaf and panicle blast by ‘one-shot’ nursery-box treatment. It inhibits melanin biosynthesis in appressorial cells of Pyricularia oryzae, making them hyaline. Penetration by infection hyphae from the hyaline appressoria into rice epidermal cells is substantially hindered. In addition, the spread of rice blast spores from primary lesions to the other parts of the plant leading to secondary infection is largely prevented when the plants are treated with carpropamid by spray or water surface application. Secondary infection was simulated in a glass chamber fitted with an ultrasonic humidifier. On treated plants, many blast spores formed in the lesions, but the number of air spora that were dispersed from the lesions decreased significantly. A similar suppression of the spore liberation was observed in vitro when lesions on rice leaf segments, or discs from Pyricularia cultures on oatmeal agar were treated with the chemical. Spores from treated lesions or from the cultures on oatmeal agar amended with the chemical germinated normally and produced well-melanized appressoria on cellophane membranes. In addition, the spores proved to be fully pathogenic towards rice seedlings, producing normal disease symptoms. These results strongly suggest that carpropamid reduces the secondary infection of rice by Pyricularia by specifically hindering spore liberation. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Molecular physiological aspects of chalking mechanism in rice grains under high-temperature stress     

Toshiaki Mitsui  Hiromoto Yamakawa  Tohru Kobata 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):22-29

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The wheat ABA hypersensitive ERA8 mutant is associated with increased preharvest sprouting tolerance and altered hormone accumulation     

Shantel A. Martinez  Keiko M. Tuttle  Yumiko Takebayashi  Mitsunori Seo  Kimberly Garland Campbell  Camille M. Steber 《Euphytica》2016,212(2):229-245

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Rapid PCR technique to detect QoI-resistant strains of Magnaporthe oryzae     

Keiko Hayashi  Taketo Ashizawa  Takahide Sasaya  Kazuyuki Hirayae  Yuriko Hayano-Saito  Fumihiko Suzuki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(2):131-135

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Microbiota analysis of Caspian Sea yogurt, a ropy fermented milk circulated in Japan     

Kenji UCHIDA  Keiko AKASHI  Hidemasa MOTOSHIMA  Tadasu URASHIMA  Ikichi ARAI  Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(2):187-192

We analyzed the microbiota of domestic ropy fermented milk, Caspian Sea yogurt (or 'kasupikai yohguruto' in Japanese), circulated in Japan. We collected six varieties from five localities. Lactococcus ( L) lactis ssp. cremoris was isolated from all samples as the dominant strain at levels of 10⁸−10⁹ CFU/g. We show this strain produces an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that causes the unique characteristic viscosity of the product. From analysis of the RAPD pattern of 60 bacterial isolates from the six samples, we found that 59 strains from a total of 60 isolates were identical and produced this viscosity. Furthermore, PFGE analysis of representative strains from each sample indicated that the isolates could be classified into four subgroups. This suggests these L. lactis ssp. cremoris strains found in Caspian Sea yogurt may have been slightly mutated during subculture in Japan. In addition, Lactobacillus (L.) sakei ssp. sakei were isolated from three samples; L. plantarum , Gluconoacetobacter sacchari and Acetobacter aceti were isolated from two samples; and L. paracasei , L. kefiri , Leuconostoc ( Leu. ) mesenteroides were isolated from one sample.  相似文献   

Characteristic upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 in an early lesion negative for hitherto established cytochemical markers in rat hepatocarcinogenesis     

Sukata T  Uwagawa S  Ozaki K  Sumida K  Kushida M  Kakehashi A  Wanibuchi H  Miyata K  Ogata K  Fukushima S 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(4):281-288

Previously, we reported α(2)-macroglobulin (α(2)M) to be a novel marker characteristic of rat hepatocellular preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions negative for hitherto well-established markers. In the present study, we further examined other candidate markers with specificity for the same type of lesions. Glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GST-P)-negative hepatocellular altered foci (HAF) were generated using a two-stage (initiation and promotion) carcinogenesis protocol with N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and either Wy-14,643 or clofibrate, two peroxisome proliferators. Microarray analysis using total RNAs isolated from laser-microdissected GST-P-negative HAF (amphophilic cell foci) and adjacent normal tissues was conducted along with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Staining for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was detected in GST-P-negative HAF and hepatocellular adenomas, and slightly increased GRP78 mRNA expression was observed in the lesions by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Thus, an early increase of GRP78 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis is likely a feature of the amphophilic subset of HAF.  相似文献   

Cylindrocladium brown leaf spot on Howea belmoreana caused by Calonectria ilicicola (anamorph: Cylindrocladium parasiticum) in Japan     

Yuuri Hirooka  Jun Takeuchi  Hiromichi Horie  Keiko T. Natsuaki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):66-70

Brown leaf spot disease caused by Cylindrocladium was found on Howea belmoreana on Hachijojima Island, Tokyo, Japan, in December 2001. Typical symptoms were incited after artificial inoculation. A culture of white mycelia, isolated from leaf spot symptoms, produced reddish perithecia of a nectriaceous fungus. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, this fungus was identified as Calonectria ilicicola (anamorph: Cylindrocladium parasiticum). Pathogenicity of this fungus on five plants cultivated on Hachijojima Island was confirmed by artificial inoculation. This report is the first on Cylindrocladium brown leaf spot of H. belmoreana caused by C. ilicicola (anamorph: Cy. parasiticum).  相似文献   

Multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of MBI-D and Q<Subscript>o</Subscript>I resistance in rice blast fungus     

Keiko Hayashi  Fumihiko Suzuki  Yuriko Hayano-Saito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(5):304-309

For sustainable control of rice blast with fungicides, efficient monitoring of the emergence and spread of fungicide-resistant isolates is needed. We developed simple and reliable PCR-based DNA markers to detect isolates resistant to melanin biosynthesis inhibitor targeting scytalone dehydratase (MBI-D) and quinone outside inhibitor (Q_oI) fungicides. Through the use of DNA templates prepared from mycelia on filter paper or from infected leaves, these markers enable rapid (a few hours) genotyping of point mutations that confer resistance. The developed multiplex marker detected resistance to both MBI-D and Q_oI in a single PCR and further reduced the time needed for diagnosis.  相似文献   

Studies on diseases of tropical crops     

Keiko T. Natsuaki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(6):444-447

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