The α2A‐adrenoceptor subtype plays a key role in the analgesic and sedative effects of xylazine     

Taisuke Kitano  Takeshi Kobayashi  Soichiro Yamaguchi  Ken‐ichi Otsuguro 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(2):243-247

Xylazine, the classical α₂‐adrenoceptor (α₂‐AR) agonist, is still used as an analgesic and sedative in veterinary medicine, despite its low potency and affinity for α₂‐ARs. Previous pharmacological studies suggested that the α_2A‐AR subtype plays a role in mediating the clinical effects of xylazine; however, these studies were hampered by the poor subtype‐selectivity of the antagonists used and a lack of knowledge of their bioavailability in vivo. Here, we attempted to elucidate the role of the α_2A‐AR subtype in mediating the clinical effects of xylazine by comparing the analgesic and sedative effects of this drug in wild‐type mice with those in α_2A‐AR functional knockout mice using the hot‐plate and open field tests, respectively. Hippocampal noradrenaline turnover in both mice was also measured to evaluate the contribution of α_2A‐AR subtype to the inhibitory effect of xylazine on presynaptic noradrenaline release. In wild‐type mice, xylazine (10 or 30 mg/kg) increased the hot‐plate latency. Furthermore, xylazine (3 or 10 mg/kg) inhibited the open field locomotor activity and decreased hippocampal noradrenaline turnover. By contrast, all of these effects were abolished in α_2A‐AR functional knockout mice. These results indicate that the α_2A‐AR subtype is mainly responsible for the clinical effects of xylazine.  相似文献   

Invertebrate drift densities in the Njoro and Kamweti Rivers in the Kenyan highlands that differ in the level of anthropogenic disturbances     

Charles M M’Erimba  Priscilla W Mureithi  Ken O Ouma 《African Zoology》2018,53(2):61-67

Invertebrate drift is one of several fundamental ecological processes in streams. However, little is known about the dynamics of invertebrate drift in Kenyan streams. In this study, we assessed invertebrate drift in two rivers, i.e. Njoro and Kamweti, that differ in the level of anthropogenic disturbances, between February and March, 2016. The aim was to evaluate the effect of river sampling duration (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min) and sampling period (day or night) on invertebrate drift densities. The 5-minute sampling period resulted in significantly higher mean drift densities than the other time intervals in both rivers. The highest mean drift density (2.0 ± 0.9 individuals m^?3) was recorded at the Njoro River during the day, whereas the lowest drift density (0.3 ± 0.2 individuals m^?3) was recorded at the Kamweti River during the day. A strong nocturnal drift pattern was noted at the less disturbed river (Kamweti). The present results suggest that anthropogenic perturbations influence invertebrate drift densities, and sampling duration and sampling period are important factors to consider when sampling invertebrate drift.  相似文献   

Ancylostoma caninum infection in a Texas-born Blue Lacy dog--Alberta          下载免费PDF全文

Wojnarowicz C  Smith K 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(11):1185-1186

  相似文献   

中国蜜蜂资源及自然地理区划研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

和绍禹  匡海鸥  刘意秋  谭垦 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(3)

系统地论述了中国蜜蜂资源的种类、分布、区系的组成, 区系特征和自然地理区划等方面的内容, 为进一步开发利用蜜蜂资源提供科学依据．  相似文献   

中国喜马拉雅地区的主要蜜源植物研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

匡邦郁  匡海鸥 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,14(3):294-299

 系统介绍了中国喜马拉雅地区,包括西藏南部和东部、四川西南部、云南西部的蜜源植物资源概况,主要蜜、粉源植物118种的开花期和利用价值,为这一地区发展养蜂业,振兴山区经济,促进农、林业持续发展提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Pond culture of snakehead in Hong Kong: a case study of an economic solution to common resources     

Lawrence Lai  Ken Lam 《Aquaculture International》1998,6(1):67-75

This article records the trade practice and culture cycle of Ophiocephalus maculatus (snakeheads) as adopted by a fish farm at Ngau Tam Mei, the New Territories, Hong Kong. This farm is one of the few remaining local enterprises that have the skills to spawn this labyrinth fish. Documentation is timely not only because there has been great demand for the transfer of culture technology (spawning) to China, but also because the species may become extinct with the demise of the culture business through urbanization. The discussion throws light on the effectiveness and limitations of the institutions of private rights as a means of conserving common resources.  相似文献   

河南省5个地点中华蜜蜂的初步调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

樊贤  谭垦  和绍禹 《蜜蜂杂志》2005,(3):28-29

为了摸清河南省的中华蜜蜂资源,了解其生物学特性,进一步为地方良种的选育和养蜂生产提供科学依据,我们于2004年7～9月先后在遂平、南湾、汝阳、孟津、商城等地区不同海拔的5个点采集了中蜂标本,主要从自然巢房及半人工饲养的巢房(如墙洞蜂巢和活框蜂箱)内采集。由于河南省内的中华蜜蜂很少转地饲养,所以采集的蜜蜂基本上是长期生活在当地环境的中华蜜蜂。每群采50只工蜂放入75%乙醇杀死,第二天更换一次乙醇浸泡保存。现将调查的初步结果分述如下:1 自然环境河南省地处中原,位于北纬31°23'～36°22',东经110°21'～116°39'[1];属于大陆型…  相似文献   

蜜蜂的敌害--胡蜂的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李建军  和绍禹  谭垦 《蜜蜂杂志》2005,25(8):26-28

胡蜂是蜜蜂的重要敌害,介绍了危害蜜蜂的胡蜂种类及其生物学特性,胡蜂的捕食行为及其蜜蜂的防御行为,对胡蜂的治理方法作了简要评述。  相似文献   

Influence of mapping resolution on assessments of stream and streamside conditions: lessons from coastal Oregon,USA     

Ken Vance‐Borland  Kelly Burnett  Sharon Clarke 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(3):252-263

• 1. Digital hydrographic data are commonly employed in research, planning, and monitoring for freshwater conservation, but hydrographic datasets differ in spatial resolution and accuracy of spatial representation, possibly leading to inaccurate conclusions or unsuitable policies for streams and streamside areas.
• 2. To examine and illustrate the potential for different hydrographic datasets to influence in‐channel and streamside characterizations, a study area in the US Pacific Northwest was chosen because 1:100 000, 1:24 000, and densified 1:24 000 hydrography are available and widely used in research and management for several species of Pacific salmon and trout at risk. The potential was examined for differences among the digital hydrographic datasets in: (1) spatial extent to influence estimated abundances of fish habitat, streamside buffer conditions, and fish distributions; and (2) spatial position to influence estimated streamside buffer conditions and estimated stream gradient.
• 3. The analysis of spatial extent found the total stream length represented by the 1:100 000 hydrography was approximately one half that of 1:24 000 hydrography and only one fifth that of densified 1:24 000 hydrography. The 1:100 000 and 1:24 000 networks differed significantly for 13 out of 18 fish habitat attributes, and the three hydrographic datasets differed significantly for many characteristics in streamside buffers; fish distributions mapped at 1:24 000 added 6–14% of stream length to 1:100 000 distributions. The analysis of spatial position found few differences between the 1:100 000 and 1:24 000 hydrography in streamside buffer characteristics but significant differences in channel gradient.
• 4. Overall, hydrographic datasets differed only slightly in spatial position but differed in spatial extent to the point of representing different populations of streams. If species inhabiting larger streams (greater mean annual discharge) are of interest, then results derived from studies based on 1:100 000 hydrography should prove useful. However, higher‐resolution hydrography can be critical when designing and implementing strategies to protect fish and other aquatic species at risk in smaller streams.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Efficiency of fisheries is increasing at the ecosystem level          下载免费PDF全文

Nis S Jacobsen  Matthew G Burgess  Ken H Andersen 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(2):199-211

Managing fisheries presents trade‐offs between objectives, for example yields, profits, minimizing ecosystem impact, that have to be weighed against one another. These trade‐offs are compounded by interacting species and fisheries at the ecosystem level. Weighing objectives becomes increasingly challenging when managers have to consider opposing objectives from different stakeholders. An alternative to weighing incomparable and conflicting objectives is to focus on win–wins until Pareto efficiency is achieved: a state from which it is impossible to improve with respect to any objective without regressing at least one other. We investigate the ecosystem‐level efficiency of fisheries in five large marine ecosystems (LMEs) with respect to yield and an aggregate measure of ecosystem impact using a novel calibration of size‐based ecosystem models. We estimate that fishing patterns in three LMEs (North Sea, Barents Sea and Benguela Current) are nearly efficient with respect to long‐term yield and ecosystem impact and that efficiency has improved over the last 30 years. In two LMEs (Baltic Sea and North East US Continental Shelf), fishing is inefficient and win–wins remain available. We additionally examine the efficiency of North Sea and Baltic Sea fisheries with respect to economic rent and ecosystem impact, finding both to be inefficient but steadily improving. Our results suggest the following: (i) a broad and encouraging trend towards ecosystem‐level efficiency of fisheries; (ii) that ecosystem‐scale win–wins, especially with respect to conservation and profits, may still be common; and (iii) single‐species assessment approaches may overestimate the availability of win–wins by failing to account for trade‐offs across interacting species.  相似文献