云南东方蜜蜂形态特征与环境因子相关性的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谭垦  和绍禹  张炫  周丹银 《蜜蜂杂志》2002,20(3):6-7

云南东方蜜蜂种群内遗传变异丰富 ,每个形态性状特征均具有丰富的多态性 ,种群间具多型性 ,且种群中许多形态性状特征表现出较明显的地理变异性[1～ 3 ] 。从滇南 -滇中 -滇西北 ,随纬度或海拔的增加 ,形态特征变异的总趋势是 :蜜蜂个体增大、体色变深。具体是 :1.前翅长、宽 ,背板 3、 4宽 ;2 .后腿长 ,蜡镜长、宽 ,蜡镜间距 ,腹片 3、 6的长和宽逐渐增加 ;3.背板 3、 4的色素度 ,小盾片的色素度逐渐加深。云南东方蜜蜂种群形态性状的多态性、多型性及其生态地理变异式样 ,均具有生态适应意义 :与云南东方蜜蜂分布区的气候特点相适应 ,而且还与海拔高度和纬度的变化有着密切的适应关系  相似文献   

The veterinarian and animal welfare          下载免费PDF全文

Ken L. Mould 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(7):411-412

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Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays performed on milk and serum samples for detection of paratuberculosis in lactating dairy cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hendrick SH  Duffield TE  Kelton DE  Leslie KE  Lissemore KD  Archambault M 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(3):424-428

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether results obtained for milk and serum samples with ELISAs intended for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in dairy cows were comparable to results obtained by means of mycobacterial culture of fecal samples. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 689 lactating dairy cows in 9 Ontario herds. PROCEDURE: Milk, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from all cows. Fecal samples were submitted for mycobacterial culture. Serum samples were tested with a commercially available ELISA for antibodies against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and preserved milk samples were tested with an indirect ELISA for antibodies against M paratuberculosis. RESULTS: Results were positive for 130 of the 689 (18.9%) serum samples, 77 of the 689 (11.1%) milk samples, and 72 of the 689 (10.4%) fecal samples. The level of agreement between results for milk and serum samples was only moderate. Proportions of positive results for serum and fecal samples were significantly different, but proportions of positive results for milk and fecal samples were not significantly different. In addition, results for milk samples had a higher level of agreement with results of mycobacterial culture than did results for serum samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the indirect ELISA used on milk samples may be a convenient method of detecting paratuberculosis in dairy herds.  相似文献   

The effect of pretreatment with different doses of GnRH to synchronize follicular wave on superstimulation of follicular growth in dairy cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sato T  Nakada K  Uchiyama Y  Kimura Y  Fujiwara N  Sato Y  Umeda M  Furukawa T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(5):573-578

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH doses in synchronizing follicular wave emergence as a pretreatment for superovulation in cattle. Fourteen Holstein-Friesian cows 6 days from estrus were randomly assigned to receive 100 microg (n=4), 50 microg (n=5), or 25 microg (n=5) of GnRH. Superovulation was induced with injections of porcine FSH (pFSH) twice daily, decreasing the dose (total 42 AU) over 5 days beginning 2.5 days after receiving GnRH. On the 7th and 8th injections of pFSH, 750 microg of PGF(2alpha) was also given. With the exception of one cow that was given 50 microg of GnRH, ovulation was induced in all cows from the three groups and the new follicular wave emergence was observed. The total number of follicles for the 25 microg GnRH group was less than that observed for the 100 microg GnRH group (P<0.05), although there were no differences between the 100 microg, 50 microg and 25 microg GnRH groups with respect to the number of preovulatory follicles (>or=10 mm) and CL. The numbers of normal embryos were greater for the 25 microg GnRH group than the 100 or 50 microg GnRH groups (P<0.01); however, the numbers of ova/embryos did not differ significantly between the three groups. These results suggest that 25 microg of GnRH was sufficient to induce ovulation and follicular wave emergence. On day 6 of the estrous cycle, a reduction of the dose of GnRH to synchronize follicular wave emergence as a pretreatment for superstimulation promotes transferable embryos.  相似文献   

Genomic diversity among equine herpesvirus-4 field isolates     

Maeda K  Kai K  Matsumura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(6):555-561

Infection with equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4) is a major cause of respiratory tract disease, equine rhinopneumonitis, in horses. Although the full sequence of EHV-4 has been reported, genomic differences among EHV-4 field isolates have not yet been characterized. In this study, the genomic diversity between 23 Japanese EHV-4 isolates was analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases (BamHI, BgIII, EcoRI, SacI, and SalI) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of the EHV-4 field isolates showed distinct differences which included mobility shifts of some fragments as well as loss and/or gain of fragments. Two EHV-4 genes containing repeat sequences, ORFs 24 and 71, were amplified by PCR and the amplified fragments were compared among the field isolates. The sizes of the amplified fragments varied among epizootiologically unrelated isolates, while the fragments of related isolates had the same size. The observed genomic diversity among EHV-4 field isolates may be a useful tool for epidemiological study of equine rhinopneumonitis by EHV-4 infection.  相似文献   

A novel genetic marker to differentiate feline herpesvirus type 1 field isolates     

Hamano M  Maeda K  Kai K  Mochizuki M  Tohya Y  Akashi H 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,106(3-4):195-200

Five recent field isolates of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) were compared by digestion with a restriction endonuclease, SalI or MluI. The SalI digestion showed a potentially useful difference in one isolate 00-035 that had an approximately 3.0 kbp fragment instead of a 2.6 kbp fragment in the other strains. After cloning the 3.0 and 2.6 kbp fragments, the nucleotide sequences were analyzed. The result showed that the 3.0 kbp fragment of 00-035 included a complete open reading frame of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) homologue of the UL17 gene and a 5'-part of UL16 gene and that only one nucleotide substitution was found in the 5'-region of UL17 gene where the SalI site of the 2.6 kbp fragment locates. Based on these nucleotide sequences, two PCR primers were designed to amplify the region around the SalI site in the UL17 gene and the PCR was carried out using 78 field isolates from various parts of Japan. The SalI digestion of the PCR products revealed an interesting profile in that the genotype without the SalI site in UL17 gene was dominant in Tottori and Yamagata prefectures (69% and 75%, respectively) but minor in the other regions of Japan (0-10%). These results suggest that the SalI digestion method described in the present study can be used as a genetic marker to differentiate some FHV-1 field isolates and this is the first report that showed different distributions of FHV-1 genotypes using the novel genetic marker.  相似文献   

The effect of cisterna chyli ablation combined with thoracic duct ligation on abdominal lymphatic drainage     

Sicard GK  Waller KR  McAnulty JF 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(1):64-70

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) and thoracic duct ligation (TDL) on abdominal lymphatic drainage in normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Nine female beagle dogs. METHODS: TDL was performed in 3 dogs and was combined with CCA (CCA-TDL) and local omentalization in 6 dogs. Contrast lymphangiography was attempted in all dogs immediately before and after TDL. Dogs were reanesthetized at 31-37 days for lymphatic studies by new methylene blue (NMB) injection into a mesenteric lymph node and by contrast lymphangiography. RESULTS: In 6 CCA-TDL dogs, 2 had direct shunting of contrast from the lymphatic system into major abdominal veins, 3 had contrast material that dissipated into abdominal vessels within the mesenteric root, and 1 had shunting into the azygous vein. NMB was not observed within the omental pedicle after CCA-TDL. Chylous drainage was by the azygous vein in all 3 TDL dogs. CONCLUSIONS: CCA-TDL disrupted chylous drainage to the thoracic duct and resulted in direct intraabdominal lymphaticovenous anastomoses identified by shunting of lymphatic flow directly into the abdominal vasculature in 5 of 6 CCA-TDL dogs. Omentalization of the cisternal ablation site was not beneficial in augmenting extrathoracic lymphatic drainage and is not recommended with CCA-TDL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CCA-TDL represents a novel approach to surgical redirection of chylous drainage to the venous circulation outside of the thorax and may be useful in the treatment of spontaneous chylothorax in the dog.  相似文献   

Milk antibodies against Ostertagia ostertagi: relationships with milk IgG and production parameters in lactating dairy cattle     

Sanchez J  Markham F  Dohoo I  Sheppard J  Keefe G  Leslie K 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,120(4):319-330

The present study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between milk optical density ratios (ODRs) from an indirect Ostertagia ostertagi ELISA, total milk IgG levels and milk production and then establish a correction factor to adjust ODR. Five hundred and sixty composite milk samples collected from 358 cows on four dairy herds in June and August 2002 were used in this analysis. The average ODR was 0.34. A positive correlation was found between ODR and IgG values in milk, days in milk, age and log transformed somatic cell counts (SCC). However, ODR was negatively correlated with milk production. The IgG levels and ODR values were constant from 30 to 200 days in milk. However, ODRs increased from 200 days until the end of the lactation. After controlling for age, season, herd and SCC, an increase in milk production of 13 kg/day was associated with a reduction in ODR values of 0.052. The results of the present study suggest that ODR values are not greatly influenced by production factors. ODR follow the same pattern as the IgG variation across lactation and could be adjusted in order to compare ODR values obtained from high producing cows with those obtained from low producing animals.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from finishing swine and the environment of 60 Alberta swine farms   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Rajić A  McFall ME  Deckert AE  Reid-Smith R  Manninen K  Poppe C  Dewey CE  McEwen SA 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,104(3-4):189-196

The study objective was to describe and evaluate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Salmonella isolated from Alberta swine finishing farms. Salmonella isolates (n = 322) were obtained from 192 fecal and 84 environmental samples of the 60 Salmonella-positive swine finishing farms. Isolates were classified susceptible, intermediate or resistant based on NCCLS guidelines. More than half of the isolates (53.4%) were susceptible to all of the 18 antimicrobials in the testing panel. No resistance was observed to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem or nalidixic acid. Less than 1% of isolates were resistant to apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Higher frequencies of resistance were observed for chloramphenicol (4.7%), ampicillin (7.8%), kanamycin (11.8%), sulfamethoxazole (21.1%), streptomycin (25.5%) and tetracycline (38.8%). Eleven Salmonella serovars had isolates with resistance to > or =3 antimicrobials. The most frequently resistant serovar was Salmonella Derby, with 27 (38.0%) isolates resistant to > or =3 antimicrobials, including resistance to five and six antimicrobials. An absence of resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquniolones and a low proportion of isolates resistant to amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, apramycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are encouraging findings from public health and animal health perspectives. Frequent resistance observed for ampicillin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline, antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary medicine for decades, indicates an urgent need to utilize these antimicrobials more prudently if their benefits are to be preserved.  相似文献   

Induction of T cell anergy by the treatment with IL-10-treated dendritic cells   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zheng Z  Narita M  Takahashi M  Liu A  Furukawa T  Toba K  Aizawa Y 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2004,27(2):93-103

In order to apply for reducing graft versus host disease in allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the study concerning the induction of specific T cell anergy was designed. Normal allogeneic lymphocytes, which were co-cultured with IL-10-treated immature dendritic cells in the first mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), were cultured with mature dendritic cells of the same origin as IL-10-treated immature dendritic cells in the second MLC. By co-culturing with IL-10-treated immature dendritic cells, the response of normal lymphocytes to mature dendritic cells cultured from the same individual as that of IL-10-treated dendritic cells was markedly reduced, compared with the lymphocytes cultured with non-treated dendritic cells or IL-10-treated dendritic cells from a third party individual. The present study demonstrated that antigen specific T cell anergy was generated by priming allogeneic lymphocytes with IL-10-treated immature dendritic cells. These data suggested the applicability of IL-10-treated recipient dendritic cells for the induction of recipient cell-specific donor T cell anergy in donor graft.  相似文献